高强度地膜对土壤温度、湿度及棉花生长的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 539-545.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.003

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

高强度地膜对土壤温度、湿度及棉花生长的影响

章莲¹(), 陈湘耀², 王潭刚³, 马晓梅², 陈兵¹, 王刚¹(), 段震宇¹()

1.新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子 832000
2.新疆生产建设兵团第三师图木舒克市西域绿洲种业南疆分公司,新疆图木舒克 844000
3.新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克 844000

收稿日期:2024-08-10 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
通信作者: 王刚(1981-),男,新疆石河子人,研究员,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail) wg579163@qq.com;
段震宇(1979-),男,河南商丘人,研究员,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail) 108689009@qq.com
作者简介:章莲(1992-),女,四川自贡人,硕士,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail) 1377052816@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团科技特派员创新创业专项(2021CB047);新疆生产建设兵团第三师图木舒克市科技计划项目(KJ2023CX02)

Effects of high-strength mulch on soil temperature, humidity and cotton growth

ZHANG Lian¹(), CHEN Xiangyao², WANG Tangang³, MA Xiaomei², CHENG Bin¹, WANG Gang¹(), DUAN Zhenyu¹()

1. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. Southern Xinjiang Branch of Western Oasis Seed Industry, Tumshuk City, Third Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tumshuk Xinjiang 844000, China
3. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Third Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tumshuk Xinjiang 844000, China

Received:2024-08-10 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-05-14
Supported by:
Special Project for Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Science and Technology Specialists of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2021CB047);Science and Technology Program of Tumshuk City, Third Division(KJ2023CX02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究高强度地膜对棉田土壤温度、湿度及棉花生长的影响。【方法】试验共设高强度地膜(H处理)和普通地膜(T处理)2种处理,于新疆图木舒克市滴灌棉田进行田间试验,统计分析2种地膜覆盖对棉田土壤温度、湿度及棉花农艺经济性状的影响,并对使用后的残留地膜进行回收比较。【结果】高强度地膜与普通地膜相比使0~5 cm土壤增温1.72%~8.7%、5~10 cm土层增温1.24%~3.1%,且在棉花生长前期增温保墒效果较佳。高强度地膜H处理较普通地膜T处理叶片数增加1.04~1.54个,株高增加1.5~7.2 cm,现蕾数增加0.96~1.13个,高强度地膜较普通地膜增产5.5%,同时高强度地膜较普通地膜的残留地膜回收率提升18.86%。【结论】高强度地膜比普通地膜具有更佳的增温保墒效果,高强度地膜处理有利于棉花根、茎、叶等器官的生长与发育,同时提高籽棉产量,且回收效率高。

关键词: 棉花; 高强度地膜; 土壤温度; 湿度; 农艺性状; 地膜回收

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to study the effects of high-strength plastic film on soil temperature, humidity and cotton growth in cotton field. 【Methods】In this experiment, two treatments, high-strength plastic film (H) and ordinary plastic film (T), were carried out in the drip irrigation cotton field in Tumshuk City, Xinjiang, and the effects of the two kinds of plastic film mulching on soil temperature, humidity and cotton agronomic and economic traits of cotton field were statistically analyzed, and the residual plastic film after use was recovered and compared. 【Results】Compared with ordinary mulch film, the high-strength plastic film warmed the 0-5cm soil by 1.72%-8.7%, and the soil at the 5-10cm layer by 1.24%-3.1%, and the warming and moisture retention effect was better in the early growth stage of cotton. Compared with the ordinary plastic film T treatment, the number of leaves increased by 1.04-1.54, the plant height increased by 1.5-7.2cm, the number of buds increased by 0.96-1.13, the yield of high-strength plastic film increased by 5.5% compared with ordinary plastic film, and the recovery rate of residual plastic film of high-strength plastic film increased by 18.86% compared with ordinary plastic film. 【Conclusion】Compared with ordinary plastic film, high-strength plastic film has better warming and moisture preservation effect, and high-strength plastic film treatment is conducive to the growth and development of cotton roots, stems, leaves and other organs, and at the same time improves the yield of seed cotton, and has high recovery efficiency.

Key words: cotton; high-strength mulch; soil temperature; humidity; agronomic economic traits of cotton; mulch film recycling

中图分类号:

S562

章莲, 陈湘耀, 王潭刚, 马晓梅, 陈兵, 王刚, 段震宇. 高强度地膜对土壤温度、湿度及棉花生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 539-545.

ZHANG Lian, CHEN Xiangyao, WANG Tangang, MA Xiaomei, CHENG Bin, WANG Gang, DUAN Zhenyu. Effects of high-strength mulch on soil temperature, humidity and cotton growth[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 539-545.

图/表 8

参考文献 17

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项目 Items	处理 Treatments	4月25日 April 25	5月5日 May 5	5月15日 May 15	5月25日 May 25	6月5日 June 5
叶片 Leaves	H	4.17^a	5.1^a	6.33^a	6.67^a	7.97^a
叶片 Leaves	T	3.07^b	3.93^b	4.93^b	5.63^a	6.43^b
株高 Plant height(cm)	H	6.5^a	10.5^a	16.13^a	29.1^a	36.4^a
株高 Plant height(cm)	T	5^a	8.83^a	14.4^a	23.97^b	29.2^b
现蕾数 The number of buds(个)	H	/	/	/	1.03^a	2.3^a
现蕾数 The number of buds(个)	T	/	/	/	0.07^b	1.17^b

项目 Items	处理 Treatments	4月25日 April 25	5月5日 May 5	5月15日 May 15	5月25日 May 25	6月5日 June 5
叶片 Leaves	H	4.17^a	5.1^a	6.33^a	6.67^a	7.97^a
叶片 Leaves	T	3.07^b	3.93^b	4.93^b	5.63^a	6.43^b
株高 Plant height(cm)	H	6.5^a	10.5^a	16.13^a	29.1^a	36.4^a
株高 Plant height(cm)	T	5^a	8.83^a	14.4^a	23.97^b	29.2^b
现蕾数 The number of buds(个)	H	/	/	/	1.03^a	2.3^a
现蕾数 The number of buds(个)	T	/	/	/	0.07^b	1.17^b

项目 Items	处理 Treatments	6月28日 June28	7月9日 July 9	7月20日 July 20
根 Root	H	26.5^a	34.2^a	50.6^a
根 Root	T	18.5^a	22^b	37.7^b
茎 Stem	H	70.2^a	95.1^b	100.3^b
茎 Stem	T	29.8^b	76.4^b	84^b
叶 Leaf	H	58.2^a	65.1^a	74.9^a
叶 Leaf	T	29.1^b	53.4^a	67^a
花 Blossoms	H	12.9^a	19^a	31.1^a
花 Blossoms	T	11.5^a	15^b	26^b
蕾 Bud	H	18.2^a	25.2^a	31.1^a
蕾 Bud	T	14.7^b	23.2^a	30.8^a
铃 Flower bells	H	15.5^a	26^a	56.8^a
铃 Flower bells	T	10.9^a	19.8^a	40.4^b

项目 Items	处理 Treatments	6月28日 June28	7月9日 July 9	7月20日 July 20
根 Root	H	26.5^a	34.2^a	50.6^a
根 Root	T	18.5^a	22^b	37.7^b
茎 Stem	H	70.2^a	95.1^b	100.3^b
茎 Stem	T	29.8^b	76.4^b	84^b
叶 Leaf	H	58.2^a	65.1^a	74.9^a
叶 Leaf	T	29.1^b	53.4^a	67^a
花 Blossoms	H	12.9^a	19^a	31.1^a
花 Blossoms	T	11.5^a	15^b	26^b
蕾 Bud	H	18.2^a	25.2^a	31.1^a
蕾 Bud	T	14.7^b	23.2^a	30.8^a
铃 Flower bells	H	15.5^a	26^a	56.8^a
铃 Flower bells	T	10.9^a	19.8^a	40.4^b

处理 Treatments	6月28日 June 28	7月9日 July 9	7月20日 July 20
H	44.3^a	55.6^a	73.6^a
T	41.2^a	52.6^a	69.1^b

高强度地膜对土壤温度、湿度及棉花生长的影响

Effects of high-strength mulch on soil temperature, humidity and cotton growth

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参考文献 17

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Metrics

出苗后天数 Days after emergence (d)	普通地膜(T处理) Ordinary mulch film (T treatments)	高强度地膜(H处理) High-strength mulch film (H treatments)
14	0.069 4^a	0.093 2^a
28	0.324 0^a	0.450 0^b
42	0.701 9^a	0.792 3^b
56	1.793 5^a	1.894 6^b
70	3.081 9^a	3.088 5^a
84	3.442 3^a	3.499 3^a
98	3.435 5^a	3.650 5^b
112	3.231 2^a	3.418 8^b
126	2.713 1^a	2.889 4^b

处理 Treatments	株数(株/667m²) Number of plants (Plant/667m²)	铃数(个/667m²) Number of bells (pcs/667m²)	100朵铃 100 bells (g)	株数(株/667m²) Number of plants (Plant/667m²)	铃数(个/667m²) Number of bells (pcs/667m²)	籽棉产量 Yield (kg/667m²)
T	505.7	4 033	4.98	10 114	80 667	401.1
H	519.0	4 072	5.31	10 380	81 433	423.8

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处理 Treat- ments	实测用膜量 Measured film quantity (kg)	实测残膜量 Measured residual film quantity (kg)	实测残膜回收量 Measured residual film recovery (kg)	地膜回收率 Mulch film recovery rate (%)
H	3.05	0.138	2.912	95.48
T	3.05	0.719	2.331	76.62

处理 Treat- ments	实测用膜量 Measured film quantity (kg)	实测残膜量 Measured residual film quantity (kg)	实测残膜回收量 Measured residual film recovery (kg)	地膜回收率 Mulch film recovery rate (%)
H	3.05	0.138	2.912	95.48
T	3.05	0.719	2.331	76.62