不同行距和脱叶剂对棉花脱叶效果的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 546-555.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.004

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同行距和脱叶剂对棉花脱叶效果的影响

徐守振¹(), 马麒¹, 宁新柱¹, 李吉莲¹, 宿俊吉², 韩焕勇¹, 王方永¹, 林海¹()

1.新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所/农业农村部西北内陆区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/新疆生产建设兵团棉花改良与高产栽培重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
2.甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州 730070

收稿日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
通信作者: 林海(1970-),男,新疆石河子人,研究员,研究方向为棉花育种与栽培,(E-mail) xjlinh@126.com
作者简介:徐守振(1990-),男,新疆石河子人,助理研究员,研究方向为棉花育种与栽培,(E-mail) xu.shouzhen@foxmail.com
基金资助:
南疆早熟抗病棉花新品种培育及示范应用(2023ZD0404106);新疆农垦科学院院级项目(2023YJ003);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(20241123752);国家自然科学基金项目(32260540);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2023A2003-3);优质机采棉种质资源创制与新品种选育创新团队(NCG202231);国家自然科学基金项目(32260522);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B02052-2);科技创新领军人才“天山英才”

Effects of different row spacing and defoliant on cotton defoliation

XU Shouzhen¹(), MA Qi¹, NING Xinzhu¹, LI Jilian¹, SU Junji², HAN Huanyong¹, WANG Fangyong¹, LIN Hai¹()

1. Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Northwest Inland Region Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement and High Yield Cultivation in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2024-09-12 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-05-14
Supported by:
Cultivation and Demonstration Application of New Early-Maturing and Disease-Resistant Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang(2023ZD0404106);College-Level Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences(2023YJ003);Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(20241123752);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260540);Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023A2003-3);Innovation Team for Germplasm Resources Creation and New Variety Breeding of High-Quality Machine-Harvested Cotton(NCG202231);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260522);The Key Research and Development Tasks of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02052-2);Leading Talents of Scientific and Technological Innovation ' Tianshan Talents

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同行距配置和脱叶剂对棉花脱叶效果的影响,为减少机采杂质和提高原棉品质提供参考。【方法】以金垦1643为材料,选用新疆北疆棉区主推的行距配置方式及脱叶剂,采用双因素裂区设计,主区为行距配置方式,分别为P₆:1膜6行,行距配置为(66 cm+10 cm)和P₃:1膜3行,行距配置为等行距76 cm;副区为喷施不同脱叶剂,分别为T_R:瑞脱龙(80%噻苯隆)和T_S:欣噻利(50%噻苯·乙烯利悬浮剂)。测定不同处理组合下棉株脱叶率、杂叶率、棉铃脱水速率、棉花吐絮率及纤维品质等指标,探讨行距配置对棉花喷施不同脱叶剂的脱叶催熟效果。【结果】脱叶剂发挥药效的主要时间段为喷施药剂后的0~15 d。欣噻利在棉花上的脱叶及吐絮效果更加迅速(0~10 d),且在1膜6行处理下脱叶率及脱叶速率高、棉铃脱水率高、净吐絮率高,可快速促进脱叶吐絮,但会造成杂叶率的显著增加及上部棉铃纤维长度的损伤;而在1膜3行处理下喷施欣噻利脱叶吐絮效果较差。瑞脱龙在棉花上的脱叶及吐絮效果初期(0~5 d)较弱,主要在药后(5~15 d)发挥效果,1膜3行处理下棉花脱叶速度及吐絮速率虽较慢,但最终脱叶率与其他处理无显著差异,且不会造成棉花纤维长度的损伤和杂叶率的增加;而在1膜6行处理下喷施瑞脱龙脱叶吐絮效果较差。【结论】欣噻利在1膜6行配置下脱叶吐絮效果更佳且更迅速,但会造成原棉叶杂率的增加和上部棉铃纤维品质的降低;瑞脱龙在1膜3行配置下脱叶吐絮作用相对缓慢,但最终脱叶吐絮效果仍较高,且不会造成原棉叶杂率的增加和纤维品质的降低。

关键词: 棉花; 行距配置; 脱叶剂; 脱叶效果; 纤维品质

Abstract:

【Objective】To reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of the synergistic improvement of cotton plant row spacing configuration and defoliation ripening effect, reduce machine-picked impurities and improve the quality of raw cotton. 【Methods】Jinken 1643 was used as the experimental material, and the main row spacing configuration and defoliant in the northern Xinjiang cotton area were selected. The two-factor split-plot design was used in the project and the main area was the row spacing configuration, which was P₆: Wide-narrow row-spacing configuration, the row spacing configuration was 66 cm + 10 cm and P₃: Uniform row-spacing configuration, the row spacing configuration was 76 cm; the sub-area was sprayed with different defoliants, which were TR: Ruituolong (80% thidiazuron) and T : Xinthili (thidiazuron · ethephon suspension). By measuring the defoliation rate, miscellaneous leaf rate, boll dehydration rate, cotton boll opening rate and fiber quality of cotton plants under different treatment combinations, the effect of row spacing configuration on defoliation and ripening of cotton spraying different defoliants was discussed. 【Results】The main time period for the efficacy of the defoliant was 0-15 days after spraying the agent. The defoliation and boll opening effect of Xinthili on cotton was more rapid (0-10 d), and the defoliation rate and defoliation rate were high, the dehydration rate of cotton boll was high, and the net boll opening rate was high under the treatment of one film and six lines, which could rapidly promote defoliation and boll opening, but it would cause a significant increase in miscellaneous leaf rate and damage to the length of upper cotton boll fiber. However, under the treatment of one film and three lines, the effect of spraying Xinthili on defoliation and boll opening was poor. The defoliation and boll opening effect of Ruituolong on cotton was weak at the initial stage (0-5 d), and it mainly played a role after application (5-15 d). Although the defoliation rate and boll opening rate of cotton were slow under the treatment of one film and three lines, the final defoliation rate was not significantly different from other treatments, and it would not cause damage to cotton fiber length and increase of miscellaneous leaf rate. But the effect of spraying Ruituolong on defoliation and boll opening was poor under the treatment of one film and six lines. 【Conclusion】In summary, Xinseli has better and faster defoliation and boll opening under the configuration of one film and six rows, but it would cause the increase of raw cotton leaf impurities and the decrease of upper cotton boll fiber quality. Under the configuration of one film and three lines, the defoliation and boll opening effect of Ruituolong is relatively slow, but the final defoliation and boll opening effect is still high, and it would not cause the increase of leaf impurities and the decrease of fiber quality.

Key words: cotton; row spacing configuration; defoliator; defoliation effect; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562

徐守振, 马麒, 宁新柱, 李吉莲, 宿俊吉, 韩焕勇, 王方永, 林海. 不同行距和脱叶剂对棉花脱叶效果的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 546-555.

XU Shouzhen, MA Qi, NING Xinzhu, LI Jilian, SU Junji, HAN Huanyong, WANG Fangyong, LIN Hai. Effects of different row spacing and defoliant on cotton defoliation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 546-555.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatments	第5果枝 Fifth fruit branch(%)			第8果枝 Eighth fruit branch(%)
处理 Treatments	0~5 d	5~10 d	10~15 d	0~5 d	5~10 d	10~15 d
P₆T_R	1.18±0.03^b	8.18±0.72^b	4.67±0.56^b	0.48±0.15^ab	0.20±0.04^a	12.22±0.29^c
P₃T_R	-0.17±0.12^d	10.70±0.14^a	2.38±0.43^c	0.06±0.05^c	-0.46±0.07^c	12.52±0.22^c
P₆T_S	1.50±0.07^a	6.86±0.27^c	5.52±0.31^a	0.62±0.03^a	0.02±0.06^b	12.93±0.20^b
P₃T_S	0.21±0.06^c	10.49±0.64^a	2.48±0.04^c	0.35±0.19^b	0.06±0.04^b	13.51±0.03^a

处理 Treatments	第5果枝 Fifth fruit branch(%)			第8果枝 Eighth fruit branch(%)
处理 Treatments	0~5 d	5~10 d	10~15 d	0~5 d	5~10 d	10~15 d
P₆T_R	1.18±0.03^b	8.18±0.72^b	4.67±0.56^b	0.48±0.15^ab	0.20±0.04^a	12.22±0.29^c
P₃T_R	-0.17±0.12^d	10.70±0.14^a	2.38±0.43^c	0.06±0.05^c	-0.46±0.07^c	12.52±0.22^c
P₆T_S	1.50±0.07^a	6.86±0.27^c	5.52±0.31^a	0.62±0.03^a	0.02±0.06^b	12.93±0.20^b
P₃T_S	0.21±0.06^c	10.49±0.64^a	2.48±0.04^c	0.35±0.19^b	0.06±0.04^b	13.51±0.03^a

处理 Treatments	部位 Position	上半部平均长度 Upper half mean length(mm)	整齐度指数 Fiber uniformity	断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	断裂伸长率 Breaking elongation (%)	反射率 Reflectance degree (%)	纺纱均匀性指数 Spinning consiitency index
P₃T_R	上部	28.83±0.38^Ca	84.40±1.04^Aa	28.53±1.60^Aa	4.87±0.32^Aab	7.63±0.42^Ba	80.07±0.25^Ba	135.33±9.02^Aa
	中部	29.70±0.62^Ba	84.67±1.31^Aa	28.63±0.81^Aa	5.03±0.06^Ab	8.53±0.70^ABa	81.00±0.36^Aa	137.33±7.09^Aab
	下部	30.70±0.17^Aa	86.70±1.06^Aa	27.93±1.20^Aa	4.67±0.15^Aab	9.53±0.40^Aa	79.57±0.35^Ba	149.67±4.73^Aa
P₆T_R	上部	28.43±0.75^Ba	85.07±0.40^Aa	29.23±0.81^Aa	4.87±0.12^Aab	7.57±0.21^Ba	78.73±1.12^Aa	139.33±3.06^Aa
	中部	28.30±0.61^Bb	85.20±0.36^Aa	27.07±1.02^Ba	5.10±0.10^Aab	8.67±0.68^ABa	79.77±0.35^Aa	131.33±0.58^Aab
	下部	29.83±0.71^Aa	84.93±1.70^Aa	27.17±0.21^Ba	4.43±0.15^Bb	9.53±0.92^Aa	79.17±1.69^Aa	139.00±8.89^Aa
P₃T_S	上部	26.83±0.95^Bb	84.13±1.03^Aa	26.93±0.90^Aa	5.23±0.06^Aa	7.87±0.75^Ba	78.87±0.35^Aa	121.33±9.61^Ba
	中部	28.43±0.40^ABb	84.00±2.62^Aa	27.30±1.61^Aa	5.33±0.15^Aa	8.17±0.55^ABa	79.83±0.55^Aa	124.67±15.5^ABb
	下部	29.73±1.05^Aa	86.43±0.67^Aa	28.37±1.15^Aa	4.90±0.17^Ba	9.30±0.36^Aa	80.13±1.00^Aa	145.67±6.51^Aa
P₆T_S	上部	27.67±0.87^Aab	83.40±1.06^Ba	27.13±1.80^Aa	4.67±0.32^Ab	7.53±0.80^Ba	79.67±1.07^Aa	126.00±13.00^Ba
	中部	29.10±0.26^Aab	85.97±0.55^Aa	28.83±2.34^Aa	4.87±0.21^Ab	9.40±0.66^Aa	81.20±0.72^Aa	144.67±6.03^Aa
	下部	30.37±0.78^Ba	85.43±0.55^Aa	26.77±0.32^Aa	4.63±0.31^Aab	9.17±0.29^Aa	80.07±0.32^Aa	140.00±2.65^ABa
处理Treatments		0.002^**	0.900^ns	0.510^ns	0.001^**	0.844^ns	0.056	0.101^ns
部位Position		0.000^**	0.010^**	0.685^ns	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.008^**	0.002^**
处理×部位 Treatments×Position		0.322^ns	0.132^ns	0.119^ns	0.553^ns	0.339^ns	0.504^ns	0.055^ns

处理 Treatments	部位 Position	上半部平均长度 Upper half mean length(mm)	整齐度指数 Fiber uniformity	断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	断裂伸长率 Breaking elongation (%)	反射率 Reflectance degree (%)	纺纱均匀性指数 Spinning consiitency index
P₃T_R	上部	28.83±0.38^Ca	84.40±1.04^Aa	28.53±1.60^Aa	4.87±0.32^Aab	7.63±0.42^Ba	80.07±0.25^Ba	135.33±9.02^Aa
	中部	29.70±0.62^Ba	84.67±1.31^Aa	28.63±0.81^Aa	5.03±0.06^Ab	8.53±0.70^ABa	81.00±0.36^Aa	137.33±7.09^Aab
	下部	30.70±0.17^Aa	86.70±1.06^Aa	27.93±1.20^Aa	4.67±0.15^Aab	9.53±0.40^Aa	79.57±0.35^Ba	149.67±4.73^Aa
P₆T_R	上部	28.43±0.75^Ba	85.07±0.40^Aa	29.23±0.81^Aa	4.87±0.12^Aab	7.57±0.21^Ba	78.73±1.12^Aa	139.33±3.06^Aa
	中部	28.30±0.61^Bb	85.20±0.36^Aa	27.07±1.02^Ba	5.10±0.10^Aab	8.67±0.68^ABa	79.77±0.35^Aa	131.33±0.58^Aab
	下部	29.83±0.71^Aa	84.93±1.70^Aa	27.17±0.21^Ba	4.43±0.15^Bb	9.53±0.92^Aa	79.17±1.69^Aa	139.00±8.89^Aa
P₃T_S	上部	26.83±0.95^Bb	84.13±1.03^Aa	26.93±0.90^Aa	5.23±0.06^Aa	7.87±0.75^Ba	78.87±0.35^Aa	121.33±9.61^Ba
	中部	28.43±0.40^ABb	84.00±2.62^Aa	27.30±1.61^Aa	5.33±0.15^Aa	8.17±0.55^ABa	79.83±0.55^Aa	124.67±15.5^ABb
	下部	29.73±1.05^Aa	86.43±0.67^Aa	28.37±1.15^Aa	4.90±0.17^Ba	9.30±0.36^Aa	80.13±1.00^Aa	145.67±6.51^Aa
P₆T_S	上部	27.67±0.87^Aab	83.40±1.06^Ba	27.13±1.80^Aa	4.67±0.32^Ab	7.53±0.80^Ba	79.67±1.07^Aa	126.00±13.00^Ba
	中部	29.10±0.26^Aab	85.97±0.55^Aa	28.83±2.34^Aa	4.87±0.21^Ab	9.40±0.66^Aa	81.20±0.72^Aa	144.67±6.03^Aa
	下部	30.37±0.78^Ba	85.43±0.55^Aa	26.77±0.32^Aa	4.63±0.31^Aab	9.17±0.29^Aa	80.07±0.32^Aa	140.00±2.65^ABa
处理Treatments		0.002^**	0.900^ns	0.510^ns	0.001^**	0.844^ns	0.056	0.101^ns
部位Position		0.000^**	0.010^**	0.685^ns	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.008^**	0.002^**
处理×部位 Treatments×Position		0.322^ns	0.132^ns	0.119^ns	0.553^ns	0.339^ns	0.504^ns	0.055^ns

不同行距和脱叶剂对棉花脱叶效果的影响

Effects of different row spacing and defoliant on cotton defoliation

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