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20 September 2021, Volume 58 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology
Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction for Cotton
Horticultural Special Local Products·Microbes·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agricultural Eeconomy


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of Chlorophyll a Oxygenase Gene in Wheat WANG Zhong, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang, LI Jianfeng, GAO Xin, SHI Jia 2021, 58(9): 1569-1576.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2549KB) ( )   【Objective】 Chlorophyll a oxidase (CAO) is the key enzyme for the synthesis of chlorophyll b. This project aims to study the changes of TaCAO expression level in low light environment and explore the response of chlorophyll synthesis pathway to low light environment. 【Methods】 TaCAO was cloned from Xindong 20 by homologous cloning, and the sequence was analyzed. The semi-quantitative PCR method was used to analyze the expression of TaCAO under 900 lx, 1,800 lx, 3,600 lx and 7,200 lx light intensity. 【Results】The ORF length of this gene was 1,653 bp, the size of the encoded protein was 62.12 kD, containing 550 amino acid residues with the chlorophyll transit peptide and Rieske_RO_Alpha_CAO domain, and there was also a Rieske iron-sulfur coordination center and iron binding site. With the decrease of light intensity, the expression of TaCAO showed an upward trend. 【Conclusion】 The cloned TaCAO is 1,653 bp in length and has complete CAO activity. The relative expression of TaCAO has an inverse relationship with the light intensity.

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Effects of Different Irrigation Quotas on Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Production Efficiency of Rice under Film Drip Irrigation DING Feng, PU Shenghai, LÜ Yuping, MA Xiaopeng, SHEN Xiaoming, MO Yan 2021, 58(9): 1577-1584.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (835KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different water treatments on water consumption characteristics and water production efficiency of rice under film drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Five irrigation quotas were set in 2017 to compare rice yield and water consumption in different growth stages under different water treatments. 【Results】 The yield of W5 treatment (Irrigation quota 910.00 mm) was increased by 21.95%- 458.43% compared with other treatments. The water consumption intensities of five water treatments were 3.75 - 7.14 mm /d in the whole growth period of rice under mulch drip irrigation. With the decrease of irrigation amount, the leaf area attenuation index increased gradually, the leaf showed premature senescence characteristics, and the plant height was inhibited by irrigation. Compared with other water treatments, the productivity of 7.61%-193.00% was increased. The change rule of water consumption intensity in growth stage was jointing and booting stage > heading and flowering stage > filling stage > tillering stage > mature stage > seedling stage. 【Conclusion】 Considering the water-saving and high-efficiency planting of drip irrigation rice, the suitable irrigation quota for the whole growth period of rice is 910.00 mm, which can meet the water demand of rice in the two key water demand periods of jointing booting stage and tillering stage.

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Study on Combination of Subsurface Irrigation Technology for Optimal Yield of Maize Based on Orthogonal Experiment YANG Tingrui, ZHAO Jinghua, YANG Lei, PENG Yanping, ZHOU Heping 2021, 58(9): 1585-1593.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1233KB) ( )   【Objective】 Exploring the soil moisture status and yield effects of different crop subsurface drip irrigation can provide technical reference for the popularization and application of subsurface drip irrigation.【Method】 Based on the principle of orthogonal experiment design, the experiment used infiltration irrigation corn yield as the test index to study the sensitivity of the sowing depth, depth of subsurface emitter, irrigation frequency and irrigation quota to maize yield under subsurface drip irrigation, and observe soil moisture status under different treatments.【Result】 The results show that the soil moisture distribution is different between subsurface drip and drip irrigation under film. The soil moisture content in the surface layer of subsurface drip irrigation is low and that in the middle and lower layers increases gradually. The soil moisture content of drip irrigation tillage layer under film was higher, the middle layer decreased, and the lower layer increased. Considering the high-yield and water-saving factors, the maize yield of 4,200 m3/hm2 irrigation quota reached 9,905.56 kg/hm2. This scheme can save water and achieve high yield. The average yield of subsurface drip irrigation maize is 9,485.10 kg / hm2, which is 12.7% higher than that under drip irrigation under film.【Conclusion】 Analysis of orthogonal experiment shows that the most significant effect on the yield of subsurface drip irrigation corn is the sowing depth, followed by irrigation frequency and depth of subsurface emitter, and the least impact is irrigation quota. The sowing depth is 20cm, the depth of subsurface emitter is 30 cm, the irrigation quota is 600 m3/hm2, and the irrigation frequency is 7 times, which is the optimal parameter combination for subsurface drip irrigation maize high yield.

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Effects of Field Microclimate on Physiological and Ecological Indexes of Cotton under Intercropping Mode AI Pengrui, MA Yingjie 2021, 58(9): 1594-1602.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1196KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of farmland microclimate on cotton physiological index under intercropping mode.【Method】 In this project, the canopy temperature, the canopy humidity and physiological indexes of cotton under different planting modes were analyzed and measured by field experiment and pot experiment.【Result】 The results showed that the retention time of plant transpiration and soil evaporation water in the near-earth surface layer of intercropping cotton was prolonged, the canopy humidity was increased by 15.07%. The decline of the canopy air temperature was delayed at night. With the increase of relative humidity, the plant height, leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate of intercropping cotton were increased 26.61%, 19.42% and 10.25% respectively. The plant height, leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate of intercropped cotton were increased by 21.37%, 14.02% and 12.55% respectively when the underground competition was ignored. The variation amplitude was slightly smaller than that of the field experiments.【Conclusion】 Intercropping mode mainly changed the relative humidity of farmland microclimate and improved the physiological index of cotton, which laid a good foundation for high yield. Compared with monoculture, the yield of intercropping cotton increased about 20%.

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Study on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Change of Activity in Continuous Cropping Cotton Field under Mulched Drip Irrigation GAO Wencui, YANG Weijun, SHI Chunling, CHEN Lei 2021, 58(9): 1603-1609.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (875KB) ( )   【Objective】 To elucidate the variation characteristics of soil organic carbon in cotton fields under drip irrigation in different continuous cropping years in the hope of provilding data and theoretical support for estimation of organic carbon reserves and analysis of carbon sequestration potential in continuous cropping cotton fields.【Methods】 Field investigation and sampling were used to analyze the changes of soil organic carbon content, oxidizable organic carbon, organic carbon density, soil bulk density, carbon pool activity and carbon pool management index in 0-40 cm soil layer in different consecutive cropping years (L5, L12, L17 and CK).【Results】 With the increase of continuous cropping years, the soil organic carbon content in cotton fields showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing on the time scale. The total organic carbon content in cotton fields increased when continuous cropping was 1-5 a, and decreased significantly when continuous cropping was 5-17 a. On the spatial scale, the surface layer of organic carbon content was the largest, which decreased layer by layer with the increase of soil layer thickness. The total organic carbon content of 0-20 cm soil layer was greater than 20-40 cm soil layer. The soil organic carbon and soil organic carbon density of different continuous cropping cotton fields also showed the same trend as the total organic carbon. With the increase of planting years, the overall trend of soil bulk density changes in each soil layer was gradually increasing: L17 > L12 > L5 > CK. In spatial scale, soil bulk density increased gradually with the increase of soil depth. In time and space scale, soil carbon pool activity decreased gradually.【Conclusion】 In the context of long-term drip irrigation under the membrane, short-term continuous cropping could improve the soil total organic carbon and oxidizable organic carbon content. With the extension of continuous cropping years, soil organic carbon and active organic carbon content significantly decreased, soil carbon bank management index decreased, soil quality decreased, and soil fertility was affected.

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Effect of Trees from on Grain Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics at Different Growth Stage of Wheat under Almond Wheat Intercropping XIE Hui, HAN Shouan, WANG Min, ZHANG Wen 2021, 58(9): 1610-1623.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (2517KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this article, effect of tree from on grain yield and and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat under intercropping mode were study to provide a theoretical basis for choosing management standards for intercropping system in southern Xinjiang.【Method】 Use almond-winter wheat intercropping system as research materials, Delayed open-central shape (DC), Open-center shape (OC) , High stem-shape (HS) and Semicircle small-canopy shape (SC) 4 tree structures were taken as the treatment,field conditions were used as control. The components of winter wheat grain yield, photosynthetic characteristics, Chlorophyll and soluble protein content were determined under different treatment. And the correlation between grain yield composition indexes and photosynthetic indexes be analyzed at heading, flower, Grain-filling and milky stage 4 key growth stage.【Result】 The results showed that in almond winter wheat intercropping system, grain yield, 1,000-grain weight, grain number per panicle and effective panicle per unit area were influenced by both tree from and position. The grain yield of wheat SC >HS > OC > DC , and decreased 18.24%, 33.00%, 35.43% and 63.68%, respectively, compared with the ratio of chlorophyll a/b decreased in both 4 tree from treatments;the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax)of wheat flag leaf at intercropping area with 4 tree from treatments were significantly reduced at flower and grain filling stage, compared with monoculture wheat the decreasing range at flowering stage and grain filling stage was within the range of 18.24%-48.88% and 15.55%-56.38%, respectively. The correlation between Pmax of flag leaf and grain yield, 1,000-grain weight, grain number per panicle and effective panicle per unit area were reached significant levels at heading stage, flowering stage and grain filling stage.【Conclusion】 In amond winter wheat intercropping system,the decrease of wheat grain yield was closely related to the decrease of flag leaf photosynthetic capacity which caused by intercropping.

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Effects of Sowing Time and Sowing Amount on Yield and Quality of Forage Rape ZHANG Zhanqin, YAN Ziwei, YANG Xiangkun, SANG Zhiqin 2021, 58(9): 1624-1632.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (836KB) ( )   【Objective】 The research time of no-till multiple cropping forage rape is short, and the research on suitable date and quantity of sowing in Northern Xinjiang Area is not enough, The purpose is to provide theoretical support.【Method】 The experiment adopted the split zone experiment design, with the sowing period as the main area and the sowing amount as the secondary area. Two sowing periods, four sowing amounts were set, and three replications were carried out in a total of 24 plots.【Result】 The results showed that sowing dates, sowing amounts had significant effects on wet weight, height of plant and number of harvested plants. Under normal seeding conditions, when the amount of Siyou 2 was 12 kg/hm2, the yield was the highest, 81,893.0 and 87,309.9 kg/hm2, in 2016 and 2017 respectively, with the best quality.【Conclusion】 Multiple cropping forage rape growth duration is 60-65 days, and the accumulated temperature is between 1,100℃ and 1,500℃(≥10℃). The selection of suitable sowing time and sowing quantity, yield and quality can meet the requirements of forage grass and the requirements of replanting wheat in most areas, and is the first choice for replanting wheat in cold areas.

Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction for Cotton

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Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Carbon Footprint of Cotton Field under "Kuanzaoyou" Mode in Xinjiang RUAN Kang, WANG Xiangru, GUI Huiping, DONG Qiang, LI Leilei, WEI Xuewen, ZHANG Xiling, ZHANG Hengheng, SONG Meizhen 2021, 58(9): 1633-1641.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1329KB) ( )   【Objective】 Optimizing nitrogen input in cotton field is an effective strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve crop yields.【Method】 In this experiment, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to study the effects of different nitrogen levels (0,120, 240, 360 kg/hm2) on the carbon footprint, carbon footprint composition and yield of cotton fields.【Results】 As the amount of nitrogen applied decreases, the carbon footprint per unit area of cotton also decreases. When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer (360 kg/hm2) decreases by 33.3% (240 kg/hm2) and 66.7% (120 kg/hm2), the carbon footprint dropped by 8.4% and 17.6% respectively. In terms of yield, with the increase of nitrogen application, cotton yield gradually increased. The seed cotton yield under N360 treatment was 8,035.4 kg/hm2, and that under N240 treatment was 7,797.2 kg/hm2, and there was no significant difference in the seed cotton yield between N240 and N360 treatment. In the production process of the "Kuanzaoyou" cotton planting model, the greenhouse gas emissions caused by irrigation electricity,agricultural filmand nitrogen fertilizer contribute the most to the carbon footprint, accounting for 47.4%, 25.2% and 24.3%. With the increase of nitrogen application, the total emissions of N2O in cotton fields will increase,N360 was 221.9%, 123.1% and 33.1% higher than CK, N120 and N240, respectively.【Conclusion】 Without affecting the yield, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the carbon footprint of cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, thereby achieving higher yields with a smaller carbon footprint in the arid regions of Northwest China.

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Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates on Plant Architecture and Yield of Cotton Production with Machine Picking in Hebei WANG Yan, WANG Shulin, HAN Shuo, ZHANG Qian, FENG Guoyi, DONG Ming, LIANG Qinglong, QI Hong 2021, 58(9): 1642-1647.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (637KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the effects of different nitrogen application rates on plant-type structure, canopy structure and yield of machine-picked cotton and then the suitable nitrogen application rate for the cotton planted in southern Hebei.【Method】 A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on plant-type structure, canopy structure and yield of machine-picked cotton by setting 8 nitrogen application gradients of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 and 420 kg/hm2.【Result】 With the increase of nitrogen application rate, cotton plant height, branches number, length of the fruit branches and fruit branch angle first increased and then decreased, first fruit branch height decreased and then increased, flocculation rate decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and N3 ~ N8 treatments had no significant difference. Compared with no nitrogen application, nitrogen application could increase leaf area index, decrease leaf transmittance, and significantly increase canopy effective light interception. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, boll number per plant increased first and then decreased, boll weight increased, seed cotton yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and there was no significant difference between N6 and N8 treatment.【Conclusion】 The amount of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly affect the agronomic traits of cotton suitable for mechanical harvesting, plant-type structure, canopy structure and yield of cotton. The recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer for machine-picked cotton in southern Hebei is 300 kg/hm2.

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Effects of Defoliant Spraying Time on Cotton Yield, Quality and Chemical Composition of Seed WEI Xin, MA Qingqian, LI Chunyan, XU Haijiang, ZHENG Zipiao, LI Chunping, LIU Zhongshan, ZHANG Dawei 2021, 58(9): 1648-1655.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (773KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of defoliant spraying time on cotton yield, quality and seed chemical composition.【Method】 A single factor randomized block plot experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Manas Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Changji Prefecture of Xinjiang to study the effects of defoliant spraying time on cotton yield, fiber quality, defoliation effect and seed maturity.【Result】 From the comprehensive effect of spraying defoliant at different times, it could be concluded that the defoliant effect was the best when the flocculent rate was 50%, and the defoliation rate reached 92% 20 days after spraying defoliant. The defoliant was sprayed too early, the plant was not aged, the abscission layer at petiole was not easy to form, the defoliant was sprayed too late, and the low temperature at the later stage could not give full play to the effect of the defoliant.【Conclusion】 The later defoliant spraying, the higher lint percentage and single boll weight of cotton, but too late spraying would lead to cotton bolls unable to open bolls during harvest, and the effect of defoliation was poor, resulting in excessive impurity content during harvest; the content of protein in the seed was too high, the content of fat was insufficient, and the seed not full, thus affecting the vitality of the seed.The effect of defoliant was the best when the boll opening rate reached 50%.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Utilization of Cotton in Southern Xinjiang ZHANG Hong, ZENG Xiong, WANG Ailian, Halihashi Yibati, LI Qingjun, ZHANG Yan 2021, 58(9): 1656-1664.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (822KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on yield, nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization of cotton under the condition of film mulching drip irrigation in the hope of proving scientific evidence for reasonable nitrogen application in cotton production in Awati County, Xinjiang.【Method】 The experiment was conducted in Awati County of Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019 and five different nitrogen application rates were set up under the same amount of phosphorus and potassium. Cotton samples were collected at the boll opening stage, and the yield, biomass, nutrient absorption and nitrogen utilization of cotton were determined.【Result】 The cotton yield, biomass and output value increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate when the rate was 0-220 kg/hm2, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium also increased significantly, but the effect was not significant when the nitrogen application rate was higher than 220 kg/hm2. The nitrogen partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of cotton decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Nitrogen apparent utilization decreased significantly when the nitrogen application rate was more than 220 kg/hm2, and the difference of nitrogen contribution rate was not significant.【Conclusion】 The cotton yield, biomass and output value increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate when the rate was 0-220 kg/hm2, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium also increased significantly, and nitrogen apparent utilization decreased significantly when the nitrogen application rate was more than 220 kg/hm2. Therefore, considering yield, economic benefits, nutrient absorption and nitrogen utilization of cotton, the recommended nitrogen application rate of the selected cotton field is 220 kg/hm2, and the amount of N, P2O5, K2O absorbance by 100 kg cotton is 4.25 kg, 1.14 kg and 3.61 kg when nitrogen application rate was 220 kg/hm2.

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Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Particle Composition and Fractal Characteristics of Sandy Soil ZHENG Yannan, YAO Yongsheng, Guljiani Asghar, AN Shijie, LI Yanxia, ZHI Jinhu 2021, 58(9): 1665-1671.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (771KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this work is to study the texture changes of sandy soil under different improvement measures with the view of providing scientific theoretical basis for the improvement of sandy soil in Southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 Five different improvement measures were applied to the sandy soils of southern Xinjiang, namely, planting oats (A1), planting rape + oats (A2), planting oats + rape straw tillage + biofertilizer (A3), planting oats + agrofertilizer (A4), planting oats + agrofertilizer + biofertilizer (A5), and the effect of the five different improvement measures on the sandy soils was analyzed through the field tests.【Results】 The results showed that the fractal dimension D values of the soil under different improvement measures ranged from 2.35 to 2.49. As the soil layer deepened, the fractal dimension values of fine particulate matter in the soil tended to increase compared to the control. The fractal dimension D of soil particles was positively correlated with clay particles and with fine powder particles, and negatively correlated with sand particles.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis showed that the combination of farm manure or green manure with biological bacteria fertilizer can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the sandy soil.

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Effects of Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure on the Cotton Yield and Yield Components in Cotton Area NIU Xinxiang, PU Shenghai, WU Xianglin, LI Pan, YANG Tao, MA Honghong, CHEN Baozhu, YANG Jian, HUANG Xin, FENG Guangping, MA Xingwang 2021, 58(9): 1672-1677.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (597KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the right rate and filter the best mode of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer supplement of cotton.【Method】 The effects of the partial substitution for chemiacal fertilizer with organic manure (20%, 40% or 100%) on the cotton yield and yield components were ananlyzed by field experiments with no fertilizer (CK) and inorganic fertilizer(CF)as the control.【Result】 Fertilization could significantly improve the composition of cotton yield and increase the yield of cotton. Compared with CF, the treatment of reducing 20%, 40% chemical fertilizer with organic manure could improve cotton yierld components by raising the weight per boll and ginning outtum,significantly increase cotton yield. The cotton yields of Treatment 3 and Treatment 4 were 423.50 and 403.76 kg/667m2 , respectively,which were 27.70% and 21.75% higher than that of non-fertilization treatmemnt (CK), and 5.81% and 0.88% higher than that of CF.【Conclusion】 Analysing by the yield of cotton and agricultural environmental protection,the suitable fertilization management model of cotton in Southern Xinjiang cotton district is the reducing 20% or 40% chemical fertilizer with organic manure, that is 400 kg/667m2 organic manure and 65.39 kg /667m2 inorganic compound fertilizer as basic fertilizer, and 22.35 kg/667m2 urea as top dressing(that is 800 kg/667m2 organic manure and 49.04 kg /667m2 inorganic compound fertilizer as basic fertilizer, and 16.76 kg /667m2 urea as top dressing).The treatment model Treatment3、Treatment4 of reducing 20% or 40% chemical fertilizer with organic manure could be considered to promote and applicate.

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Degradation Dynamics of Thiamethoxam Residues in Cotton Leaves and Evaluation of Its Control Effect on Aphis gossypii Glover CHEN Wenjing, ZHAO Jing, ZHANG Jinlei, LU Liliang, FENG Likai 2021, 58(9): 1678-1684.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (899KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the degradation dynamic of thiamethoxam seed treatment in leaves of cotton and evaluate the control effect of thiamethoxam seed treatment on Aphis gossypii by field experiment.【Method】 The content of thiamethoxam in cotton leaves was determined by QuEChERS UPLC MS / MS, and the control effect of thiamethoxam seed coating on cotton aphid was investigated in the field.【Results】 The results indicated that thiamethoxam had a good linear relationship in the range from 0.01 to 0.50 mg/L,r=0.999. At three spiked levels (0.01, 0.20 and 0.50 mg/kg), the average recoveries of thiamethoxam ranged from 93.4% to 119.71%, and the relative standard deviation ranged from 0.34% to 5.18%(n=5), the limit of detection was 0.001 mg/kg. The degradation kinetic of thiamethoxam in leaves of cotton was in accord with the first-order kinetic equation, and the half-life was 3.85-4.03 d. The concentration of thiamethoxam in the bottom leaves accounted for 59.4% to 76.39% of the total concentration of each treatment, so thiamethoxam was mainly distributed in the bottom leaves. The control effect of 600 g/100kg treatment was the highest, reaching 87.90% at 30 days after germination.【Conclusion】 Using 600 g/100kg thiamethoxam seed treatment can better control aphids in the seedling stage.

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Effects of Seed Dressing with Thiamethoxam on Detoxifying Enzymes of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphom gossypii MA Zhenghui, SU Yue, MA Xue, YANG He, HOU Guohui, CHEN Bingrun, HAN Xu, YAO Yongsheng 2021, 58(9): 1685-1693.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1511KB) ( )   【Objective】 To ascertain the effect of detoxification enzyme of Acyrthosiphom gossypii and Aphisgossypii after feeding with cotton seed dressed by thiamethoxam, and further analyze their resistance mechanism to the drug.【Methods】 Cotton seed was dressed with thiamethoxam by 2 g/kg and 4 g/kg, and the changes of detoxifying enzyme activities in Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphongossypii were determined by biochemical methods after inoculating 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h.【Result】 Except acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) in Acyrthosiphon gossypii , at low dose, the activities of AChE, carboxylesterase (CarE), cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) in Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii were induced first and then inhibited. In the test, the activities of AChE, CarE, CYP450, GSTs of Aphis gossypii were 4.62-fold, 2.51-fold, 1.08-fold and 1.51-fold, respectively compared with the Acyrthosiphon gossypi. The relative activities of AChE, CYP450 and GSTs between Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii were increased in a short time, and then decreased with time, while CarE showed a decrease → increase → decrease. At high dose, the relative activity ratio of CYP450 and CarE were increased → decreased → increased.【Conclusion】 Low dose of thiamethoxam seed dressing can induce CarE and CYP450 of aphids for a short time, and high dose can inhibit each detoxification enzyme. CarE and CYP450 may be the key enzymes for detoxification metabolism of thiamethoxam by aphids, and Aphis gossypii has a better suitability than Acyrthosiphon gossypi to seed dressing cotton.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Microbes·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agricultural Eeconomy

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Physiological Responses of Seedlings of Different Apple Rootstocks to Salt-Alkali Complex Stress XU Panyun, LI Chunlan, SONG Jindi, WANG Xi, CHENG Jiabao, WU Yuxia, HE Tianming 2021, 58(9): 1694-1703.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1698KB) ( )   【Objective】 The salt-alkali tolerance of different apple rootstocks was comprehensively evaluated, and apple rootstocks suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali soil in southern Xinjiang were selected.【Method】 Using 7 four-year-old apple rootstocks of M. hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder, M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang, M. robusta, M. hupehensis, M. sieversii Roem, M. Chaenomeles, and M. baccata Borkh as the test materials. NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 were mixed in the proportion of 1∶9∶9∶1, and 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution was irrigated in a pot, simulating the mixed saline-alkaline stress of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mmol/L. The chlorophyll content, relative conductivity, and proline content of the leaves of seven apple rootstocks under mixed salt-alkali stress were measured. The membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the salt tolerance of each rootstock.【Results】 With the increase of stress intensity, the chlorophyll content of each rootstock decreased, the relative conductivity and proline content showed an overall upward trend, the total soluble sugar content first increased and then decreased, the soluble protein content showed two trends of "increase decrease increase".【Conclusion】 The salt-tolerant ability of the seven tested apple rootstocks in order from strong to weak was M. robusta > M. sieversii Roem > M. hupehensis > M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang > M. baccata Borkh > M. Chaenomeles > M. hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder.

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Study on Significant Meteorological Factors of Evapotranspiration of Jujube Orchard under Drip Irrigation LI Xu, YUE Chunfang, ZHANG Mengli 2021, 58(9): 1704-1711.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1731KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the correlation between evapotranspiration (ET0) of different reference crops and significant meteorological factors, and the contribution rate of each significant meteorological factor to the actual evapotranspiration (ETc) of jujube orchard under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Based on the drip irrigation experiments of jujube trees in Aksu area, penman-Monteith (PM), Hargreaves Samani (HS) and Priestley-Taylo (PT) models were chosen to analyze the significant meteorological factors of different ET0 and the contribution rate of each significant meteorological factor to ETc in jujube orchard. 【Results】 Mean relative humidity (RH) was negatively correlated with ET0, while solar radiation (Rn), zenithal radiation (Ra), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), average temperature (T) and wind speed (U) were positively correlated with ET0. The significant meteorological factors contributed to ETc of each model were PM-Rn (62.6%), U (19.9%), T (11.8%) and RH (5.7%).HS-Tmax (55.1%), Tmin (30.1%), Ra (11.6%) and T (3.2%), PT-Rn (84.1%), T (12%), and Tmin (3.9%). 【Conclusion】 Tmax and Rn contributed the most to ETc in drip irrigation jujube orchard.

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Relationship Between Stem Flow Rate and Meteorological Factors in Different Growth Periods of Mature Grey Jujube ZHANG Yang, MA Yingjie 2021, 58(9): 1712-1722.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (2447KB) ( )   【Objective】 Under the condition of micro sprinkler irrigation, the stem flow rate of mature jujube under different weather and different meteorological factors was studied, and the water consumption of mature jujube was accurately measured, which provided practical guidance for optimizing soil water management of jujube.【Methods】 The stem flow rate of jujube was continuously monitored by the needle type stem flow meter, and the influence degree of different weather and meteorological factors on the stem flow rate of jujube was analyzed.【Results】 The fluctuating process of stem flow rate in sunny and cloudy days presented an inverted "U" shaped single peak curve, while in cloudy days it presented an "M" shaped double peak curve. The cumulative trend of stem flow of jujube in a day was "S" change, and the order of water consumption in each growth period was: fruit enlargement >fruit maturity > flowering > Leaf bud stage. The correlation between stem flow rate and air temperature is the highest in mature period, and the rest is solar radiation. The correlation coefficients RD1= 0.964**, RD2 =0.969**, RD3= 0.957** and RD4=0.886** between solar radiation and stem flow rate of jujube in different growth period. Using multiple linear regression to input regression of stem flow rate and meteorological factors in different growth period of jujube, a multiple linear regression model of stem flow rate and meteorological factors in different growth period of jujube was established under different weather conditions. Through the test of regression coefficient and correlation coefficient, the multiple linear regression equation in each growth period reached a significant level.【Conclusion】 In different growth period, the order of stem flow rate in typical weather is sunny > cloudy > dark. The key period of water demand in the whole growth period is fruit enlargement period. Solar radiation and air temperature are the most important meteorological factors that affect the stem flow rate of jujube.

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Toxicity Measurement of Different Fungicides to Erwinia amylovorain Laboratory CHEN Wei, DUAN Hongyan, LI Ziying, HAO Haiting, WANG Lan 2021, 58(9): 1723-1728.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (682KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen the types of fungicides that can inhibit Erwinia amylovora in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the prevention and control of diseases caused by Erwinia amylovora.【Method】 The indoor toxicity of 5 categories and 10 fungicides to Erwinia amylovora was determined using the method of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacteriostatic zone.【Result】 Organic heterocyclic fungicides had the strongest indoor efficacy against Erwinia amylovora, with the EC50 value of 43.148 mg/L, followed by antibiotic fungicides, thiazole fungicides, microbial fungicides and copper fungicides in descending order and the corresponding EC50 value was 87.82,469.50,4,397.20 and 4,782.00 mg/L, respectively.【Conclusion】 Organic heterocyclic and antibiotic fungicides have good antibacterial effect, which can provide references for the prevention and control of diseases caused by Erwinia amylovora.

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Differences of the Intestinal Microbial Flora Diversity and Composition of Barn Feeding and Grazing Charolais ZHANG Xingxing, HUANG Xin, HAN Mengli, JIANG Liege, ZHANG Qian, GAO Pan, LIU Peng, WU Tongzhong, ZHONG Fagang 2021, 58(9): 1729-1739.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1592KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to compare the structure and composition of intestinal microbiome of barn feeding and grazing Charolais by using Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology.【Method】 A total 10 Charolais were used as experimental animals, among them, 5 barn feeding Charolais as CB group and 5 grazing Charolais as CG group. Rectal stool from each Charolais of CB and CG was collected and then total genomic DNA was extracted from the stools. Bacterial diversity and community structure of the samples were analyzed via high throughput sequencing technology Illumina HiSeq.【Result】 A total of 1,089 OTUs (CB: 1,044; CG: 1,087) were obtained and all OTUs were classified into 12 phylum, 24 class, 33 order, 57 family and 170 genus. Among them Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria shared by the two groups, followed by Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria; At the family level, the dominant bacteria were Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Christensenellaceae and Bacteroidaceae. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, Rikenellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Paeniclostridium from CB group was significantly higher than that from CG (P<0.05), the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Ruminococcaceae from CG group was significantly higher than that from CB (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 These results indicate that there are significant differences about structure and composition of intestinal microbiome of barn feeding and grazing Charolais, and grazing Charolais have higher coarse fibre digestion ability.

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Comparative Study on Serum Biochemical Indexes of Different One-Year-Old Young Horses HUANG Xinxin, LI Xiaobin, LI Hai, LI Xuanyue, LI Qian, MA Lixin, CHEN Hui, MA Yuhui 2021, 58(9): 1740-1746.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (802KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to study the related indexes of liver, kidney, glucose and lipid metabolism in the one-year-old horses of different breeds under the same nutrient level of concentrate feed in the hope of providing basic data reference for healthy breeding of young horses.【Method】 Healthy 20 one-year-old Yili horses (217.44 ± 21.35) kg, 20 one-year-old Kazakh horses (215.86 ± 18.42) kg,16 one-year-old Yanqi horses (219.00 ± 19.37) kg, 16 one-year-old thorough bred (224.35±14.56) kg, 20 one-year-old hybrid horses (Yili horse ♀ × Orlov horse♂) (227.98±21.49) kg were selected for the experiment. According to the breed unit, they were divided into 5 groups, a total of 92. They were fed for 45 days on the same basis in feeding management and dietary nutrient levels to test 12 serum biochemical indicators on the 45th day.【Result】 In the serum of one-year-old young horses of different breeds, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in the total protein content and there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the concentrations of albumin and urea nitrogen among breeds. The serum alanine transferase activity, aspartate transferase activity, uric acid concentration and creatinine concentration were significantly different (P<0.01 or P>0.05) from each other. The serum glucose concentration, total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration and HDL concentration were significantly or significantly different (P<0.01 or P>0.05) among the breeds, while the differences of LDL concentration were not significant (P>0.05)among the varieties.【Conclusion】 Under the same feeding and management conditions, there were some differences in serum routine index, liver, kidney, glucose and lipid metabolism index in five different breeds of one-year-old young horses.

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Use of the CRISPR-Cas9 System in Sheep Fibroblasts to Lead Fluorescent Tags into ACTG1 Gene GUO Yanhua, PI Wenhui 2021, 58(9): 1747-1755.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (2401KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to establish a method for leading foreign genes into the specific site of sheep fibroblast genome, hoping applying this method allows creating C-terminal tag fusions of endogenously encoded proteins in sheep ACTG1 gene with high efficiencies.【Method】 The CRISPR-Cas9 system caused double-strand to break in specific regions of cells, thus inducing cells to repair broken genomes, and the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway was used to improve knock-in efficiency of the exogenous gene.【Result】 The fluorescent protein open reading frame (ORF) was inserted into ACTG1 gene of sheep fibroblasts by the CRISPaint universal donor and CRISPR-Cas9 system. The insertion efficiency of exogenous gene achieved 1.4% of the total cells. Monoclonal cell lines were obtained for site-specific introduction of foreign genes.【Conclusion】 This technique holds promise for quick and efficient insertion of a large foreign DNA sequence into a predetermined genomic site in sheep fibroblasts by CRISPR-Cas9 system and NHEJ repair pathway.

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Analysis of the Impact of Target Price Reform on Cotton Production in Xinjiang ZHAO Xin, WANG Xiaowei, AI Xiantao 2021, 58(9): 1756-1764.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.09.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (1098KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the impact of target price reform on cotton production and main bodies of production and operation in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Using 2011-2018 statistical yearbook data, cotton quality public inspection data, and cost-benefit survey data, a comparative analysis of the differences was made between the changes in cotton production and main bodies of production and operation in Xinjiang before and after the implementation of the cotton target price in 2014. 【Results】 The proportion of Xinjiang's cotton planting acreage and production in the country increased year by year, reaching 74.3% and 83.7%, respectively, accounting for more than two thirds of the country's total; cotton quality was steadily improving, with an average length of 28-29 mm in the upper half, a break ratio strength of 27-28 cN/tex, and A and B grades of Macron value occupied 70%-80%; the machine-picked cotton developed rapidly which its ratio reached 44.6%; the cost of materials and services in the cost of production of planting cotton increased each year, increasing to $988.1/acre in 2018. 【Conclusion】 The implementation of the target price reform has promoted a significant increase in the level of cotton production in Xinjiang, and its importance for the country is highlighted; the cotton quality is mixed with good and bad points, but the overall quality is steadily improving in general; the potential for the development of machine-picked cotton remains large; The implementation of the target price reform not only protects farmers' income, but also promotes the development of organized cotton planting.