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Effects of Irrigation Method and Irrigation Amount on Cotton Crown Leaf Boll Configuration DU Gang-feng, WANG Jiang-tao, SUN Xue-bing, XIANG Dao, GOU Ling, ZHANG Wang-feng 2019, 56(7): 1177-1187.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1698KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of drip irrigation under plastic film and traditional flooding irrigation on cotton leaf boll configuration, to clarify the principle of high yield of cotton under plastic film drip irrigation, and to seek new ways to further increase field. 【Method】Two kinds of irrigation methods: drip irrigation under plastic film and traditional flooding irrigation, and two irrigation amounts: 3,900 m3/hm2 and 6,000 m3/hm2, for a total of 4 treatments. The leaf area, light absorption rate, dry matter accumulation and cotton yield components of cotton were measured, and the effects of different irrigation methods on cotton leaf boll configuration and yield were determined. 【Results】The results showed that in the middle and late growth stages, the leaf area of drip irrigation cotton was 30.66% higher than that of traditional flooding irrigation cotton, and the upper leaf area index of DI-3 cotton was maintained between 2 and 2.5, and the leaf index of DI-3 of the middle and lower parts were between 1 and 1.5. Among them, the light absorption of each part of the canopy is uniform; At the same time, the proportion of boll setting in different crowns was moderate, and the light distribution was well coupled, which was beneficial to the production of photosynthetic products. Under the irrigation of 3,900 m3/hm2, the yield of cotton under drip irrigation was 25.07% higher than that of traditional flooding irrigation. Under the irrigation of 6,000 m3/hm2, the yield of cotton under drip irrigation was 6.74% lower than that of traditional flooding irrigation. So, it was found that excessive irrigation was not conducive to the formation of drip irrigation cotton yield.【Conclusion】 Compared with traditional flooding irrigation, the leaf boll configuration is more reasonable and the photosynthetic productivity of cotton under film drip irrigation is stronger, which is conducive to the transfer of photosynthetic products to the reproductive organs and the formation of yield.

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Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) Germplasm Resources ZHAO Fu-xiang, LIU Kang-yong, QU Yan-ying, GAO Wen-wei, CHEN Quan-jia 2019, 56(7): 1188-1196.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (748KB) ( )   【Objective】 To comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of island cotton, and explore the germplasm resources with strong drought resistance.【Method】203 island cotton varieties were used as experimental materials, drought stress was carried out on cotton boll period in daejeon, the agronomic traits related to drought resistance were examined, and the drought resistance level of island cotton varieties was evaluated by combination of drought resistance coefficient, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】There were some differences in agronomic traits between the 203 materials at two points, and the evaluation results of the comprehensive drought resistance coefficient and the measured value of drought resistance (D value) were basically consistent. According to the results of D value cluster analysis, 203 Gossypium barbadense L. resource materials were divided into 5 categories.【Conclusion】 Through principal component analysis and comprehensive drought resistance coefficient evaluation and analysis, three drought resistance indexes, yield per plant, boll weight and plant height can be used to evaluate drought resistance of cotton at flowering and boll period intuitively, simply and reliably.

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Effects of Shading on the Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Leaves during Cotton Flower and Boll Formation Periods Abudoukeyoumu Abudourezike, WANG Wei, BAI Yu-ting, ZHANG Yan, Gulimila Aikebaier 2019, 56(7): 1197-1206.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1773KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of shading and weak llight on the physiological characteristics of cotton leaves during flower and boll formation period. 【Method】Two varieties of cotton (Zhongmiansuo 49 and Xinluzhong 36) with different shade tolerance were selected. The varieties were tested in the comprehensive experimental site of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2016 to 2017 in Anning District (N43°58′ and E87°30′), Urumqi City. 【Result】 Under shading and weak light, the chlorophyll SPAD, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of the functional leaf on the main stems reduced, but the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased. The contents of soluble sugar and soluble amino acid in the subtending leaf of cotton boll increased. The variation ranges of related indices of Zhongmiansuo 49 were less than those of Xinluzhong 36, which showed that the adaptability of different ecotypes to shading and weak light environment was also different. Stress caused by low temperature and poor light occurred frequently, which affected cotton leaves enzyme activity, and reduced photosynthetic capacity, then inhibited the plant photosynthesis and decreased the carbohydrates supplementary capacity in the subtending leaf of cotton boll. 【Conclusion】Under shading and weak light environment, the photosynthetic performance of cotton leaves decreased, and the accumulation ability and output ability of photosynthetic products were blocked, which eventually resulted in the decrease of soluble sugar and amino acid content in cotton boll subtending leaves, the number of bolls per plant and boll weight. The yield of seed cotton also decreased significantly with the deepening of shading (P < 0.05)

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Effects of Alternate-year Cotton Seeds on Growth and Yield of Cotton Seedlings CHEN Min-zhi, MA Peng-cheng, WANG Wen-mao, ZHANG Wang-feng 2019, 56(7): 1207-1213.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (677KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the differences of seedling emergence rate, germination potential, germination rate, seedling growth, seedling leaf SOD and MDA, root morphology, yield and yield components of cotton seeds in different years (2015, 2016 and 2017) in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the application of alternate-year seeds in production. 【Method】 In 2018, Xinluzao 51 was used as material to determine the emergence rate, germination potential, germination rate, seedling growth, SOD and MDA of seedling leaves, root morphology, yield and the constituent factors of cotton seeds every two years (2015), every other year (2016), and the year (2017), respectively. 【Result】 There was no significant difference in germination potential, germination rate, root surface area, root volume, yield and yield components among cotton seeds in different storage years. In the time of third main stem leaf, compared with the cotton seeds, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh weight and dry weight, stem fresh weight, the first true leaf SOD activity increased significantly, the first and third true leaves of the MDA content were significantly reduced, stem dry weight, the third true leaf SOD, root length and seedling rate were not significantly different. Compared with cotton seeds in that year, the seedling rate of cotton seeds, the first true leaf MDA and the third true leaf SOD decreased significantly in two years, but there was no significant difference between stem diameters, leaf fresh weight, stems fresh weight and dry weight, root length, first true leaf SOD and the third true leaf MDA. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of indoor natural storage in northern Xinjiang, the cotton seeds increased the SOD activity of leaves, reduced the MDA content of leaves, and promoted the growth of cotton seedlings in three true leaves. Cotton seeds stored for 1-2 years had no significant effect on cotton yield and yield components.

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Study on Correlation between Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Traits of Different Planting Patterns of Machine-picked Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang ZHENG Ju-yun, WANG Jun-duo, GONG Zhao-long, LIANG Ya-jun, DOU Xian-yun, AI Xian-tao, GUO Jiang-ping, Moming, LI Xue-yuan 2019, 56(7): 1214-1223.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1428KB) ( )   【Objective】 By studying the relationship between single leaf, population photosynthetic traits and yield traits of different mechanically picked cotton varieties, the single leaf and population photosynthetic characteristics of high yield cotton varieties were determined, and individuals and population high light efficiency varieties were selected to provide germplasm resources and theoretical support for genetic improvement of mechanically picked cotton yield. 【Method】The photosynthesis, single leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits of five different types of machine cotton varieties (lines) were measured with the Li6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus and the Xianchi st-303 carbon dioxide analyzer. 【Result】The result showed that there was a positive correlation between canopy photosynthetic rate and single-leaf photosynthetics. The canopy photosynthetic rate was more strongly associated with yield traits than with single-leaf photosynthetic traits. There were two peaks in population photosynthesis, the first one was 3.04-3.64 gCO2/(m2·s) at 12:00-14:00; the second one was 3.00-3.35 gCO2/(m2·s) at 16:00-18:00. There were differences in the index of single leaf photozygous index between upper, middle and lower leaves. The correlation between middle and lower leaves and yield was stronger than that between upper leaves and yield. Thereinto, there was a significant correlation between net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductivity and yield traits in the middle parts of leaves. The highest canopy photosynthetic rate and net photosynthetic rate of 5 cotton varieties was 17N11,which was 3.64 gCO2/(m2·s) and 36.8 μmol/(m2·s) respectively through difference significance test of statistics method, followed by 17N6, which was 34.5 μmol/(m2·s). 【Conclusion】There was a strong correlation between canopy photosynthetic rate and yield traits and the correlation between photosynthetic traits and yield traits in the middle leaves was stronger than that in the upper and lower leaves. Generally, the photosynthesis performance indexes of 17N11 and 17N6 were reasonable, which could be used as the intermediate material for advancing photosynthesis efficiency of high-efficiency machine-picked cotton varieties.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Yield of Different Varieties of Drip Irrigation Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) YANG Mei, LÜ Xin, MA Lu-lu, GE Yuan-mei, HONG Shuai, CHEN Xiang-yu, ZHANG Ze 2019, 56(7): 1224-1233.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1349KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of different varieties of drip irrigation cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical reference for efficient and reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer and high yield. 【Methods】The cotton varieties tested were Xinluzao No. 50, Xinluzao No. 58, and Lumianyan No. 24, and the nitrogen application rate was 0, 120, 240, 360 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen.【Results】 The results showed that the nitrogen distribution ratios of different organs in different boll opening stages were: fiber + seed > leaf > boll shell > stalk; The average nitrogen accumulation of different varieties of cotton under different nitrogen application treatments was N3>N2>N1>N0; The nitrogen accumulation of different varieties was Xinluzao 58 > Xinluzao 50 > Lumianyan 24; The nitrogen use efficiency and yield of Xinluzao 50 and Lumianyan 24 reached the best at the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm2 for Xinluzao 50, and the nitrogen application rate of 360 kg/hm2 for Lumianyan 24, and the nitrogen utilization reached the effective utilization at the same time as the high yield was obtained. Xinluzao No.50 and Lumianyan No.24 in the amount of nitrogen application 240 kg/hm2. Xinluzao No. 58 has the best nitrogen utilization rate and yield when the nitrogen application rate is 360 kg/hm2, and the nitrogen is effectively utilized while obtaining high yield. 【Conclusion】 Among the three varieties, Xinluzao 58 had the highest nitrogen distribution rate, nitrogen accumulation, biomass and yield. The nitrogen use efficiency of Lumianyan 24 was higher than that of the other two varieties. The biomass, nitrogen accumulation and seed cotton yield of drip irrigation cotton under 360 kg/hm2 treatment were the highest.

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Effects of Water Regulation on Quality Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation MAN Ben-ju, LI Guo-zhi, LI Yi, CUI Jing 2019, 56(7): 1234-1243.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1180KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of water on the quality characteristics of winter wheat under drip irrigation by analyzing the response of grain quality to water under different water conditions and explore the effect of water content on quality characteristics and reveal the relationship between quality and moisture and reveal the relationship between quality and water content in the hope of providing the basis for water saving management.【Method】 Five irrigation treatments (225 mm(w1), 375 mm(w2),525 mm(w3),675 mm(w4) and 825 mm(w5) were set under field conditions to study the effect of irrigation amount on grain quality. 【Result】 Under water stress, wet gluten content, protein content and precipitation value all showed a significant downward trend, while yield, protein yield, dough formation time, dough stability time, water absorption rate and capacity all showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. The protein content was positively correlated with wet gluten content and precipitation value, and the water absorption and dough stability time were positively correlated with yield and protein yield.【Conclusion】 The precipitation value, protein content, wet gluten content can be used as reference indexes to measure the grain quality, dough stability time and water absorption rate can be used as reference indexes to reflect wheat yield. In this study, it was considered that under the condition of ensuring the yield, proper reduction of irrigation amount was more beneficial to improve the grain quality. The maximum grain yield and better grain quality obtained by drip irrigation was 525 mm

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Related to Sucrose Metabolism in Huizao (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) YANG Lei, FAN Ding-yu, JIN Juan, XU Ye-ting, ZHOU Xiao-ming, FENG Bei-bei, HAO Qing 2019, 56(7): 1244-1252.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1162KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the relationship between the changes of sugar content and the activities of enzymes related to sucrose metabolism during the development of jujube fruit after girdling in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for improving the quality of jujube fruits in production. 【Method】We girdled trunk of the 5-year-old jujube trees and measured the content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and the activities of sucrose metabolism-related enzymes and then studied the changes of content and activities of enzymes related to sucrose metabolism. 【Result】The results showed that: (1)The changes in the content of fructose, glucose and sucrose were basically consistent throughout the whole development process in both girdling and control, its accumulation tended to rise with the development of fruit as a whole, but the girdling significantly increased the fructose, glucose and sucrose content in jujube fruit at the later stage of fruit development. 'The content of sucrose was significantly higher than that in fructose and glucose in fruit ripening stage, which indicated that sucrose accumulation was the main content in jujube fruit. (2)Girdlilng was helpful to increase the activities of neutral invertase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase in fruit before the healing of ring peeling (July 15). From the full red period to the real maturity, sucrose synthase activity in the sucrose synthesis direction (SSs) of trunk girdling fruit was significantly higher than that of the control, which was the main reason for the high sucrose content of the fruit in girdling treatment and control. In summary, trunk girding is beneficial to the accumulation of fructose, glucose and sucrose in fruit, and SSs plays a major role in regulating sucrose metabolism in fruit stripped.【Conclusion】 Trunk girdling is beneficial to the accumulation of fructose, glucose and sucrose in the fruit, and SSs plays a major role in regulating the sucrose metabolism of the fruit in girdling treatment.

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Comparative Analysis of Sugar Components and Contents of Eight Grape Cultivars in Xinjiang ZHONG Hai-xia, ZHOU Xiao-ming, QI Ying-ying, ZHANG Fu-chun, LU Shen-zu, PAN Ming-qi, ZHANG Wen, XIE Hui, HAN Shou-an, WANG Min, Ermek Caikasima, WU Xin-yu 2019, 56(7): 1253-1261.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1161KB) ( )   【Objective】 To compare and analyze the characteristics of sugar components and contents in the mature period of 8 grape cultivars in Xinjiang in the hope of laying a theoretical foundation for the selection of high-sugar grape varieties and the control of fruit quality in the future. 【Method】Red Globe Grape, Victoria,Muscat Hamburg, XinYu, Flame Seedless, Summer Black, Crimson Seedlessand Munage were taken as the research objects, the soluble solid contents were determined by sampling at the ripening stage, and the sugar components and contents were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); The proportion of each component to the total soluble sugar was analyzed and the sugar components and content characteristics of each variety were compared.【Result】The results showed that glucose and fructose accumulation were the main sugar components in the eight varieties at fruit ripening stage, supplemented by sucrose. Among them, fructose accounted for 52.51% of total sugar, glucose accounted for 49.58% of total sugar, and sucrose accounted for only 3.14% of total sugar. There were significant or extremely significant differences in glucose and fructose contents in eight grape fruits, among which Flame Seedless content was the highest, significantly or extremely significantly higher than other varieties, and Victoria was the lowest. The content of soluble solids in Flame Seedless was 61.8% higher than that in Victoria, and the content of fructose was 55.42% higher than that in Victoria. By cluster analysis, the relationship between Flame Seedless and the sugar components of Crimson Seedless, Summer Black was close, and that between Victoria and other varieties was relatively far. 【Conclusion】Through the comparative analysis of 8 grape varieties, the high-sugar variety Seedless Flame Seedless was selected as the high-fructose variety, and the low-sugar variety Victoria was selected as the low-fructose type.

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Effects of Saline-Alkali Stress on Ion Absorption and Distribution in Melon Seedlings XIONG Tao, HU Guo-zhi, WU Hai-bo, FENG Jiong-xin 2019, 56(7): 1262-1270.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1140KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the relationship between the distribution of mineral ions under saline-alkali stress and the saline-alkali resistance of Hami melon in the hope of providing reference for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties. 【Methods】 Two melon varieties with different tolerance to salt stress were used as experimental materials. Three concentration treatments were used to perform salt stress treatment at seedling stage. The differences in the selective absorption and distribution of Na+, K+,Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions in various organs of melon under salt stress of different concentrations were studied and analyzed. 【Results】 The results showed that under the influence of salt stress, the Na+ content in the roots, stems and leaves of the two melon varieties increased, while the K+ content decreased, and the change trend was positively correlated with the increase of concentration. The contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased with the change of concentration in the root, but decreased in the stem and leaf. The contents of Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ showed different trends in various organs under different stress concentrations. In general, the total amount of Na+ absorbed by Fengwei 5 was lower than that of Xizhoumi 17, and the total amount of K+ and Ca2+ was higher than that of Xizhoumi 17. There was a litter difference in the total amount of Mg2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+. Fengwei 5 delivered more K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ to the leaves and retained a large amount of Na+ in the stems, while Xizhoumi 17 accumulated a large amount of Na+ and K+ in the leaves and stems, and accumulated more Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the roots, resulting in higher K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ and Mg2+/Na+ ratio in the leaves of Fengwei 5 under salt stress than Xizhoumi 17. 【Conclusion】 Under salt stress, Fengwei 5 could localize Na+ in stem, Mineral ions such as K+, Ca+ and Mg2+ were selectively absorbed and distributed to the leaves to maintain ion balance in vivo, thus alleviating salt damage and adapting to saline-alkali stress.

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Growth and Quality of the Potted Schizonepetae YU Ting, Bahedan, Nisaguli Abula, WU Hui, QIN Yong 2019, 56(7): 1271-1282.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1218KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out the nutrient solution formula suitable for the growth of potted (Schizone peta tenui folia (Benth.) Briq.)【Method】In this experiment, schizonepetae was used as a research object, and peat, vermiculite and perlite were mixed into a composite matrix as a cultivation substrate in a volume ratio of 2∶1∶1. Six different formulations of nutrient solution were poured during the growth of the plants. By observing and comparing the growth index and quality index of schizonepetae, the effects of different formulations of nutrient solutions on the growth and quality of schizonepetae chinensis were studied. 【Result】The results showed that the thickest stem diameter was 3.043 cm with the application of 4/5 concentration units of Japan yamazaki artemisia formula. The total fresh weight of the plant was 4.92 g, and the highest contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were 1.53 and 0.75 mg/g. The maximum value of the membership function was 0.766. The minimum fresh weight of total plants was 2.67 g when the 2 concentration units of Japan yamazaki leaf lettuce formula were used. The lowest chlorophyll content(SPAD value) was 0.833 mg/g; the longest internode length was 4.6 cm, and the minimum value of the membership function was 0.359. 【Conclusion】In summary, in the case of potting schizonepetae, 4/5 concentration units of Japan yamazaki artemisia formula nutrient suitable can provide the necessary nutrients for plant, and the plant grows well with good quality, so it can be recommended for use. The application of 2 concentration units of Japan yamazaki leaf lettuce nutrition solution cannot meet the growth needs of the plant, and the growth potential of plants was relatively weak, so it was not recommended

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Screening of Highly Effective Lethal Genes Interfered with RNA in Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Study on the Evaluation Indexes of Its Lethal Factors Mireguli Huerxida, FU Kai-yun, XU qing yu, Tursun Ahmat, DING Xin-hua, HE Jiang, GUO Wen-chao 2019, 56(7): 1283-1293.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1722KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out highly effective lethal genes based on evaluation of lethal effect of alternative gene RNA interference. 【Method】 Ten dsRNA expression vectors of Ldpp1alpha-96a, LdRpt3, Ldalpha snap, LdSrp54k, LdRpn6, LdRop, LdGawky,Ldshi, Ldcact, Ldinr-aand 2 positive control genes LdATPaseA and LdATPaseE were constructed, dsRNA were fed to the second instar larvae of Colorado Potato beetle with gradient concentrations, which was used to analyze AD20, 20% antifeedant dose, PD50, medium pupation dose, and LD50, medium lethal dose, to screen highly effective lethal genes and evaluate lethal efficiency. 【Result】 The results showed that: AD20 of the above 12 genes for the larvae of potato beetle ranged from 1.18±0.10(μg / mL)-61.07±10.17(μg / mL); the PD50 ranged from 0.06 ±0.01(μg / mL)-31.20 ±1.89(μg / mL); and the AD20 ranged from 1.39±0.13(μg / mL)-228.13±6.72(μg / mL). The highest and lowest genes of AD20 were Ldinr-a and LdRpn6, the highest and lowest genes of PD50 were Ldinr-a and LdGawky, and the highest and lowest genes of LD50 were Ldinr-a and Ldsrp54k, respectively.【Conclusion】All of the 12 alternative genes have an effect on inhibition of feeding, pupation and lethal activity. Their lethal activity increased with the increase of concentration, showing a dose-dependent effect, which was significantly different from the control group. By comparison of AD20 and LD50, 5 genes of Ldcact, Ldalpha-snap,LdRpn6,LdSrp54k and LdRpt3 are the most effective. It is suggested and recommended that AD20 and LD50 are the key indexes to evaluate the lethal effect of alternative genes dsRNA on larvae.

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Preliminary Study on Image Recognition of Damaged Cotton Leaf Based on Fine-tuning Convolution Neural Network Transfer Learning Model LEI Sheng-yuan, MA Ben-xue, WANG Wen-xia LUO Xiu-zhi, LI Yu-jie, DAI Jian-guo 2019, 56(7): 1294-1302.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1355KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to improve the recognition accuracy of cotton diseases and insect pests, a method based on convolution neural network was proposed to identify the symptoms of harmful cotton leaves. The occurrence of cotton diseases and insect pests can cause severe yield loss in cotton. Identification of diseases and pests is key to the prevention and control of diseases and pest. 【Method】To improve the identification accuracy of cotton diseases and insect pests, a method for identification cotton leaf disease and pest based on improve convolutional neural network and transfer learning were proposed. 【Result】The experimental results showed that in the dataset containing 7,800 images of healthy cotton leaves and leaves of seven kinds of diseases and pests (divided into training set and test set at the ratio of 4∶1), under the transfer learning method, the CaffeNet+1 model with the learning rate of 0.005 was optimal, and the recognition accuracy of the test set was 98.9%. 【Conclusion】Compared with the CaffeNet model under the new learning model, this method can accelerate the convergence of the network model and has higher recognition accuracy. This technique has important application value in accurately identifying the image of symptoms of pests and diseases of cotton leaves in the field.

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Responses of Soil Ammonia Oxidizers and Denitrifiers to Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) -Degrading Mulch LIN Qing, ZENG Jun, WANG Bing, SHI Ying-wu, YANG Hong-mei, ZHANG Tao, GAO Yan, CHU Ming, WANG Jin-xin, SUN Jiu-sheng, HUO Xiang-dong 2019, 56(7): 1303-1311.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1240KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) biodegradation membrane on soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen-cycle-related microorganisms. 【Method】Compared with coated PE membrane, the number and community diversity of soil nitrogen cycle related microorganisms in coated PBAT biodegradable membrane were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 【Result】There was no significant difference in soil physical and chemical properties of the same crops (except cotton) between PE membrane and PBAT biodegradable membrane. There was no significant difference of AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA and nosZ gene abundance between the same crops covered with PBAT biodegradable membrane and PE membrane, while the difference of AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA and nosZ gene abundance was significant for the different crops. 【Conclusion】There was no significant difference between the effects of PE membrane and PBAT biodegradable membrane on soil physical and chemical properties and nitrogen cycling microorganisms. PBAT biodegradable membrane can be used as a substitute for PE membrane to solve the white pollution caused by PE membrane.

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Research on Extraction of Final Felling Area of Picea Schr enkiana var tianshanica Based on UAV Image WANG Ya-pei, WANG Zhen-xi, LIU Meng-ting, LI Qing, YANG Yong-qiang 2019, 56(7): 1312-1324.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (2840KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the regeneration community of the final felling area of Picea Schrenkiana var tianshanica in Tianshan Mountain, it was divided into three grades of final felling area. Based on UAV images, the area and distribution of the final felling area of different grades can be extracted and determined in the hope of providing technical support for the evaluation of forest resources renewal and restoration in mountainous areas after the implementation of Xinjiang natural forest conservation project to a certain extent. 【Method】The object-oriented multi-scale segmentation technology of eCognition software was used to segment the study area. Through the combination of nearest neighbor classification and SEaTH algorithm, the classification features were screened, and the classification hierarchy and classification rule set were established so as to realize the extraction of the area of the main cutting area of different grades, and carry out the precision evaluation.【Result】The nearest neighbor classification method combined with the SEaTH algorithm was used to extract the main logging sites of different grades. The overall classification accuracy was 81.82% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.74. The area coincidence of the final felling areaⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 87.09%, 79.86% and 66.33%. The total area of the final felling area was 72.574,3 hm2, visual interpretation area was 92.174,9 hm2, area relative error was 21.26% and area coincidence was 78.74%.【Conclusion】It is feasible to use this method to extract the information of final felling area in the study area. Because of the lower number density of Picea Schrenkiana var tianshanica, the average crown width and average age of the spruce stand are relatively small, so it is better to distinguish in image. The distribution area of the main cutting site II is the largest, while the distribution area of the main cutting site Ⅰ and III is small. The stand growth status of the main cutting land in the study area is mainly in the second state of the cutting site.

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Determination of Malachite Green and Leuco Malachite Green in Cold Water Fish in Xinjiang by UPLC-MS/MS MethodUPLC-MS/MS LI Xiao-yan, WU Yun, WANG Li-ye, SU Min, SHEN Hui-hui, Bakhetgul Manatbay 2019, 56(7): 1325-1332.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1034KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to establish a more convenient ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of malachite green (MG) and leuco malachite green (LMG) residues in cold water fish in Xinjiang. 【Method】 The sample was extracted with 1% glacial acetic acid-acetonitrile solution, purified by amino and SCX (strong cation exchange) solid phase cartridges, separated by C18 column, and multi-reaction monitoring scanning mode (MRM) of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, detected and quantified by internal standard method. 【Result】 MG and LMG had a good linear relationship in the linear range of 5.0-100.0 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients were 0.999,7 (MG) and 0.999,2 (LMG), respectively. The lower limit of determination (LOQ) was 2.0 μg/kg. The test was carried out by adding blank sample as the matrix. The recovery rate of MG was 88%-105%, the recovery rate of LMG was 85%-110%, and the relative standard deviation (n=6) was 2.2%-15.3%. 【Conclusion】 The method has the advantages of simple pretreatment, high recovery rate and good stability, whcih is suitable for routine testing of mg and lmg residues in cold water fish in Xinjiang.

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Studies on the Tolerance of Silurus glaris Linnaeus Fingerlings to Salinity and Alkalinity WEI Yu-zhong, ZHANG Ren-ming, SONG Ming-bo, SHI Chun-ming, Karjan Adahbek 2019, 56(7): 1333-1342.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1081KB) ( )   【Objective】 This paper aimed to the tolerance of Silurus glaris Linnaeus under the salinity and alkalinity.【Method】Silurus glaris Linnaeus was preferences under the gradient concentrations of salinity(S) and alkalinity(A) were studied by acute toxicology.【Result】When Alk was around pH 6.8-7.5 with temperature (23±2)℃, The LC50 of S to Silurus glaris Linnaeus were 11.907,7‰、9.795,0‰、7.859,6‰、6.313,7‰ and 3.911,5‰ at 12 , 24 , 48 , 72 and 96 h, respectively. The safe NaCl concentration was 1.518,1‰. The LC50 of A to Silurus glaris Linnaeus were 21.866,9 、4.770,4 、3.140,6 、1.274,8 and 0.428,4 g/L, respectively. The safe NaHCO3 concentration was 0.408,4 g/L. 【Conclusion】This study is designed for provide basic data to Silurus glaris Linnaeus for Large area aquaculture promotion and the protection of wild germplasm resources.

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Correlation between the 2-year-old Yili Horse Subdivision and the Gait Characteristics of 3,600 Meters Speed Race REN Xiang, MENG Jun, WANG Jiang-wen, ZENG Ya-qi, KONG Qi-sen, CHU Hong-zhong, YAO Xin-kui, GE Shi-meng, ZHANG Kai-li, HUANG Jing-jing 2019, 56(7): 1343-1351.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (906KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study the relationship between the body scale of 3,600 m distance subdivision and gait characteristics of regular race horses by taking the 2-year old Yili horse. 【Method】 15 horses of 3,600 m horses were selected, standard photos and dynamic videos were taken after measuring the basic body ruler, linear body ruler and joint angle and gait feature data were measured, and the correlation between the subdivision body size and gait characteristics was analyzed.【Result】 There was a significant positive correlation between withers height and hindlimb stride length(P<0.05), and a significant negative correlation with the Mid stride length (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation with the swing TH and the AD (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between body length and hindlimb stride hind limb stride length (P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation with forelimb stride length (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between Thorax girth and hindlimb stride length and forelimb stride length(P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation with the Overlap TF-LF (P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between the Stance LF and the AD (P<0.05), there was a significant negative correlation in the AP LH-TF (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the Fore cannon circumference and the Stance TH, the AP TH-LH, the Stance LH, the Stance TF, the Overlap TF-LF, and Stance LF (P<0.01).There was a significant negative correlation with the step frequency (P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation with the Overlap LH-TF (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between chest depth and hind limb stride length (P<0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between the Shoulder length and the AD stride length (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the Humerus length and the Swing TH (P<0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between the forearm length and the Mid stride length (P<0.05); there was a significant positive correlation with the AD (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the Hind cannon length and the hind limb stride length (P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between the AP TH-LH, the Stance TF and the Overlap TF-LF (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the Neck- ground Angle and the Mid stride length (P<0.05).The humeru-radius angle was significantly positively correlated with the AP LH-TF (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Withers height, Body length, Thorax girth, Fore cannon circumference, Neck- ground Angle and Humeru-radius angle can be closely related to the gait characteristics of 3,600 m horse racing.Selecting relevant indicators in 3,600 m horse racing is an important reference.

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Study on Heart Rate Variability in the Selection of 3600 m Speed Yili Horses GE Shi-meng, MENG Jun, WANG Jiang-wen, ZENG Ya-qi, KONG Qi-sen, CHU Hong-zhong, YAO Xin-kui, REN Xiang , ZHANG Kai-li, HUANG Jing-jing 2019, 56(7): 1352-1359.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (810KB) ( )   【Objective】 Through the (HRV) analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in quiet state before Yili equestrian race, the sports ability of horses is understood, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of excellent sports performance horses. 【Method】 22 Yili horses aged 3 years old were selected for 3600 meters race. The static heart rate variability (HRV) indexes of horses were collected before the race. According to the time of competition, the horses were divided into three groups: excellent group, medium group and ordinary group. The difference of HRV before different sports performance was analyzed, and the correlation between each index and achievement and the difference between each index were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that the pNN50 in the medium group was significantly higher than that in the excellent group (P < 0.05). In frequency domain indexes, the HF, LFnu and HFnu in the excellent group were significantly superior to the medium group (P < 0.05), and extremely significantly superior to the ordinary group (P< 0.01). The LF/HF in the excellent group was significantly lower than that in the ordinary group (P < 0.01), and it in the intermediate group was significantly lower than that in the ordinary group (P< 0.05). The TP in the excellent group was extremely significantly higher than that in the ordinary group (P< 0.01). Before the race, the LF/HF index in the frequency domain presented an extremely significant positive correlation with the racing time (P< 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between LFnu and scores (P< 0.05), and the index of HF, TP and HFnu were negatively correlated with scores (P< 0.05). 【Conclusion】 The parasympathetic nerves of these horses in the competition of 3,600 m account for a leading role, and the horses of balanced adjustment in sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves have better performance. Through the analysis of static HRV before the race, we can effectively select the horses in good condition.

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The Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of the Effects of Cotton Technical System Based on AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process Model BAI Ping, Denglu, Zhang Pengzhong, Pahaerti·Maimaiti 2019, 56(7): 1360-1369.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.07.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1411KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study and evaluate the cotton cost-saving and benefit-increasing technical system. 【Method】 The AHP analytic hierarchy process was used to construct the model to evaluate the use effect of the cotton-based synergy technology system from multiple perspectives. 【Result】 The yields of the demonstration area of cotton-based synergy technology system in Shawan County in the 2016 and 2017 were 0.6 kg/667m2 and 0.63 kg/667m2, respectively, which was much higher than the average output of 0.2 kg/667m2, 0.22 kg/667m2 in Tacheng area. In other words, they were 198% and 189% higher than the average yield in Tacheng area, respectively. The importance of the main factors (measures) affecting Shawan cotton production was scored by the AHP model, and the economic benefit score was 0.776,6. The resource saving score was 0.154,9, and the disaster prevention and mitigation score was 0.068,5. In the year 2016 and the year 2017, through cooperation with cooperatives, the company increased the income by 1.456 million yuan, through sophisticated seeding, 273,000 yuan cost was saved and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, potassium and phosphate fertilizer were increased by 4.1 times, by 3.9 times and by 4.3 times through soil testing formula and precise fertilization, respectively. Cotton production was mainly affected by meteorological disasters such as low temperature, strong winds and heavy rain.【Conclusion】 The use of the cotton-based synergy technical system can effectively increase cotton yield. Ranking of the importance of each factor in the evaluation of cotton cost-saving and efficiency-increasing technical system: economic benefit > resource conservation > disaster prevention and mitigation. Through the cooperation with cooperatives, sophisticated sowing, soil testing formula and sophisticated fertilization, the cost of cotton planting can be effectively reduced, and the yield and economic benefits of cotton can be improved. Climate disasters have a certain impact on cotton planting, but in general, the impact on the demonstration area is small.