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Effects of Spraying TDZ on Leaf Loss Rate and Leaf Enzyme Activity of Cotton LIU Kang-yong, JIAO Yang, ZHAO Fu-xiang, LIU Na, CHEN Quan-jia, GAO Wen-wei, QU Yan-ying 2019, 56(6): 981-991.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1557KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the mechanism of cotton leaf abscission after TDZ (Thidiazuron, TDZ) treatment.【Method】Five cotton varieties (Gossypium spp) were used as materials. In the cotton base of Shawan, Xinjiang Agricultural University in Tacheng and the experimental field of Kuitun Agricultural Institute of Agricultural Division 7 in Tacheng in 2017 and 2018, two treatments T1 (4 days before TDZ application in the field) and T2 (the same time as the treatment time in the field) were set during the boll opening period. After TDZ treatment, the defoliation rate was investigated and five materials were sorted according to it. The activities of polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase were measured at 0 h, 6 h, 18 h, 42 h, 66 h and 96 h, and the rates of leaf abscission, bulling and cotton yield were also counted.【Result】The results showed that after spraying TDZ, the cotton yield of T1 was significantly lower than that of the CK and T2 (P < 0.05); the shedding rate and flocculation rate of cotton materials by the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK (P < 0.01); the PG activity of leaf receptacle was significantly higher than that of the CK (P < 0.05) at 6 h, 18 h, 42 h, 66 h and 96 h; and the cellulase activity was significantly higher than that of the CK (P < 0.05) at 6 h, 66 h and 96 h (P < 0.05), and at 18 h and 42 h, it was extremely higher that of the CK (P < 0.01). 【Conclusion】The results showed that CIRI 35 and Xinluzao 50 were most sensitive to TDZ. TDZ treatment could regulate the activity of PG and cellulase in the exfoliated leaves, improve the rate of leaf abscission, and facilitate the mechanical harvesting of cotton.

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Effect of Water and Nitrogen Management on Secondary Growth of Chemical Topping Cotton WANG Mi-feng, KANG ZHeng-hua, ZHANG Te, ZHAO Qiang 2019, 56(6): 992-1002.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1340KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research and explore the secondary growth patterns and occurrence patterns of chemical capping cotton in water and nitrogen operations, optimize the regulation of water fertilizer combined with chemical topping technology, effectively control the secondary growth of cotton, and lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the shaping of cotton plant type and the regulation of harvesting time.【Method】 The test used the Xinluzao 57 as the test material and used the crack zone experimental design. The main area was the nitrogen (pure N) quantity, and three nitrogen (pure N) levels were set: N1, N2, and N3, which were 150, 300, 450 kg/hm2, respectively. The sub-area was the amount of irrigation, with 3 irrigation levels: W1, W2, and W3, which were 3,000, 4,500, and 6,000 m3/hm2, respectively. The effects of water and nitrogen treatment on agronomic properties, dry matter accumulation, yield and fiber quality before and after secondary growth of chemically topped cotton were studied.【Result】The increase of irrigation water increased the growth period of cotton and increased the plant height, number of fruit branches and secondary growth rate. Nitrogen application controlled dry matter and yield formation factors in cotton. When the irrigation treatment was 4,500 and 6,000 m3/hm2, chemical topping cotton plant Gaohe had a high number of branches and was prone to secondary growth. When the amount of nitrogen applied was 300 kg/hm2, the yield and composition were higher than others. The combination of water and nitrogen treatment to treat N2W2 and N2W3 performed better, with yields of 6,349.21 and 6,203.54 kg/hm2, respectively.【Conclusion】 For chemical topping cotton, proper water and nitrogen operation can control the secondary growth of cotton, and there is no significant effect on the yield and quality of cotton.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Levels of Winter Wheat on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Succeeding Soybean Crops FANG Yan-fei, FU Xiao-wen, XU Wen-xiu, ZHANG Yong-jie, AN Chong-xiao, DU Xiao-jing, ZHANG Na, SHE Run-xiang 2019, 56(6): 1003-1011.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1531KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study the effect of previous crop on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of succeeding soybean crop.【Method】 There were 5 treatments 0(N0), 225(N1), 375 (N2), 525 kg/hm2 (N3) of winter wheat, and no nitrogen application (CK) throughout the year. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on the chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthetic physiology and yield of post-wheat soybean leaves were studied.【Result】 The results showed that the different nitrogen application levels in the previous wheat season had an aftereffect on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of the succeeding soybean crop. The summer soybean SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the lowest, and the intercellular CO2 (Ci) was the highest, which was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05); with the increase of nitrogen application rate in the previous wheat season, the summer soybean SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) increased continuously throughout the growth period. The trend of post-falling was the highest with N2 treatment, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the lowest, and the summer soybean yield was also the highest, reaching 3,164.64 kg/hm2. Too low or too high nitrogen application in wheat season was not conducive to the increase of summer soybean yield. 【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment, the nitrogen application rate of the previous wheat season was 375 kg/hm2, and a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the soybean season, and the photosynthetic capacity of the summer soybean leaves was the highest, so was the yield.

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Response of Soil Microbial Organic Carbon and Particulate Organic Carbon to Different Tillage Measures in Summer Soybean AN Chong-xiao , ZHANG Yong-jie, FU Xiao-wen, DU Xiao-jing, XU Wen-xiu, FANG Yan-fei, SHE Run-xiang 2019, 56(6): 1012-1021.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1541KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the response of annual carbon at different levels to tillage measures, so as to provide reference for rational tillage measures for carbon sequestration in soybean soils under multiple sowing conditions. 【Method】 Under field drip irrigation in 2017, four soil tillage treatments were set up, namely, tillage mulching (TP), tillage (T), subsoiling (ST) and no-tillage (NT). The effects of different tillage treatments on the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial organic carbon (MBC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in different soil layers were studied. 【Result】The results showed that compared with T and TP treatments, NT and ST treatments were beneficial to increase the mass fractions of SOC, MBC and POC in 0-10 cm topsoil, and there was no significant difference. In the 10-30 cm tillage layer, TP treatment could better maintain the mass fractions of SOC, MBC and POC in soil than the other three treatments. However, fewer than 30 cm of soil depth, the differences of MBC and POC mass fractions between ST treatment and the other three treatments gradually increased and showed significant differences. At the depth of 0-60 cm, the proportion of microbial organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in total organic carbon ranged from 1.29% to 2.35% and 17.81% to 31.99%, respectively. The proportion of microbial organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in total organic carbon reached the highest point at the depth of 60 cm, and the ratio of microbial organic carbon to total organic carbon was ST > TP > T > NT.【Conclusion】In summary, both subsoiling and no-tillage can effectively increase the mass fraction of SOC, MBC and POC in the topsoil, and the mass fraction and ratio of MBC and POC of subsoiling were significantly improved at the depth of 30 cm. The soil layer 20-30 cm tillage mulching can better maintain the mass fraction of SOC, MBC and POC in the soil.

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Regulatory Effects of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and YieldCharacteristics of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation SHI Yuan-qiang, ZHANG Di, SUN Ting, WANG Ji-chuan, ZHANG Jian-fang, Bilali Aili 2019, 56(6): 1022-1031.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1868KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of nitrogen management methods on dry matter accumulation and yield characteristics of spring wheat under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang were studied and determine the suitable nitrogen application amount, time and proportion in the hope of providing basis for production practice. 【Method】Xinchun No. 6 and Ning 2038 were used as materials to carry out plot cultivation experiments. Four nitrogen application levels were set up in this study: N0 (0 kg/hm2), N1 (104.5 kg/hm2), N2 (207.0 kg/hm2) and N3 (310.5 kg/hm2), and for each level, four nitrogen application periods were set: R1 (100% base fertilizer), R2 (60% base fertilizer + 40% jointing fertilizer), R3 40% base fertilizer + 40% jointing fertilizer + 20% booting fertilizer, and R4 (20% base fertilizer +40% jointing fertilizer + 20% booting fertilizer + 20% booting fertilizer). 【Result】N3R4 treatment had the largest dry matter transport in pre-anthesis vegetative organs, dry matter transport rate in pre-anthesis vegetative organs and contribution rate to grains, N3R3 treatment had the largest dry matter accumulation after anthesis. The contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain after anthesis of Xinchun 6 was the largest in N3R4 treatment, and that in Ning 2038 was the largest in N3R3 treatment. When the amount of nitrogen was the same, the number of grains per panicle, 1,000-grain weight and yield of R3 treatment were the largest; Under the condition of the same period of nitrogen application and the same proportion, the yield components and yield of N3 treatment were the highest, but there was no significant difference between R3 treatment and N2 treatment.【Conclusion】When the nitrogen application rate was 310.5 kg/hm2, and the proportion was base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: booting fertilizer = 4∶4∶2 and base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: booting fertilizer: filling fertilizer = 2∶4∶2∶2, both varieties could obtain higher yields, Xinchun No. 6 reached 1.21-1.26 g/plant (converted yield 8,511.78 － 8,930.72 kg/hm2), Ning 2038 reached 1.09－1.12 g/plant (converted yield 8,190.62-8,362.59 kg/hm2).

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Establishment of Estimation Model for Different Varieties Based on Red Edge Parameters GE Yuan-mei, CHEN Xiang-yu, HONG Shuai, MA Lu-lu, L Xin , ZHANG Ze 2019, 56(6): 1032-1040.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1642KB) ( )   【Objective】 To establish the leaf area index estimation model of different varieties of drip irrigation by using the dynamic variation rule of red-edge parameters. 【Method】Taking Xinluzao No.50, Xinluzao No.58 and Lumianyan No. 24 (hybrid cotton) as experimental materials, the dynamic changes of LAI and red edge position were analyzed, and the estimation model of leaf red edge parameter -LAI of drip irrigation cotton was constructed.【Result】The fastest growing period of LAI appeared between 40 and 70 days, but the LAI growth rates of different varieties of drip-irrigation cotton showed obvious differences, which were as follows: Lumianyan No.24 > Xinluzao No.50 > Xinluzao No.58. In this experiment, different varieties of cotton showed blue shift during the occurrence of pests and diseases, and red shift under normal growth of cotton. In this experiment, the red edge parameters were significantly correlated with LAI. Among the three estimation models, Lumianyan No.24 had the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.816,8, RMSE = 0.77).【Conclusion】The LAI can be effectively estimated by the established estimation models. The experimental results can provide theoretical basis for promoting the development of precision agriculture in Xinjiang.

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Investigation on Yield and Quality of Trunk Shape and Small Crown Sparse Layer of Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) WANG Wen-jun, LIN Min-juan, WANG Zhen-lei 2019, 56(6): 1041-1051.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1617KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the demonstration and popularization of the simplified cultivation mode of "trunk shape" by comparing the simplified "trunk shape" of grey jujube with the conventional small-crown sparse-layer tree shape in the local area in the hope of laying a theoretical foundation for mechanized production and unified standardized cultivation mode.【Method】 The yield components of 5-6 years old grey jujube trees were investigated and analyzed by counting and statistics method for two consecutive years from 2017, and the quality of fruit was determined by routine methods.【Result】 In terms of yield components: The number of branch groups, secondary branches, jujube suspensions and jujube fruits in trunk-shaped tree were significantly lower than those in small-crown sparse-layer tree, and the yield of trunk-shaped tree was 4.71 kg/plant significantly lower than that in small-crown sparse-layer tree, and 5.74 kg/plant was significantly lower than that in small-crown sparse-layer tree. In terms of fruit traits: single fruit weight, pulp thickness and fruit firmness of upper, middle and lower layers of small crown sparse canopy of grey jujube were lower than that of trunk-shaped tree, and the higher the crown level, the better the fruit traits of this position, the trunk-shaped fruit shape index was 1.45, the small crown sparse layer shape was 1.54; single fruit weight, stone weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse diameter, fruit stone vertical and transverse diameter of two tree-shaped trees. The pulp thickness and fruit firmness of jujube suspension were the largest in the middle part, followed by the base part and the tail part, and the trunk-shaped fruit characters between different parts of jujube suspension were better than those of small crown and sparse layer. The contents of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids in different layers of trunk tree were higher than those in small crown and sparse layer. The contents of soluble sugar, reducing sugar and soluble solids in fruit were in the middle of jujube hanging > the base of jujube hanging > the tail of jube hanging, while the content of vitamin C was in the middle of jube hanging > the tail of jube hanging > the base of jube hanging, and acid content could be titrated. The results showed that the base of jujube suspension > the middle of jujube suspension > the tail of jujube suspension, and the nutritional quality of the fruits between different parts of jujube suspension was better in trunk shape. In terms of fruit harvesting period, the contents of reducing sugar and titratable acid in both tree-shaped fruits were dry jujube > hang-dried jujube > fresh jujube, while the contents of vitamin C were fresh jujube > hang-dried jujube > dry jujujube.【Conclusion】 The small crown sparse layered tree crown of Chinese jujube has a large number of branches and a high yield, but its fruit quality is poor, while the simplified `trunk' tree crown has simple structure, less branches, and is convenient for mechanized operation, and the fruit quality is better with better commodity value, so it has the potential value of demonstration and popularization.

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Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of Leaf and Root of Sour Jujube Seedlings under NaCl Stress Alleviated by Exogenous CaCl2 WANG Zhen-Dong, LU Xiao-Yan, TU Wen-Wen, HE Chen-Chen 2019, 56(6): 1052-1062.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1531KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the molecular mechanism of CaCl2 alleviating salt stress in sour jujube seedlings.This study provides a reference for the study of the molecular mechanism of CaCl2 to alleviate the salt damage of sour jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) through transcriptome sequencing analysis.【Method】In this study, the seedlings of sour jujube were treated with 150 mmol/L NaCl and 150 mmol /L NaCl + 10 mmol /L CaCl2 for 6 hours respectively. The transcriptome sequencing and assembly of leaves and roots of sour jujube seedlings were carried out by high-throughput sequencing technique,and all Unigenes obtained were annotated in GO and KEGG databases. 【Result】The results showed that compared with the control group, under exogenous CaCl2 treatment, 7,365 and 1,247 differential expressed genes were up-regulated and down-regulated in the leaves of sour jujube seedlings, 762 and 4,861 in the roots, respectively.【Conclusion】GO database comparison showed that there were 43 GO conditions enriched in leaves and 42 GO conditions enriched in roots of sour jujube seedlings. and most of the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the cell membranes of the leaves and roots. KEGG database comparison revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, Plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, etc.

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Analysis on the Difference of Fruit Tissue Structure between Korla Fragrant Pear and Its Bud Mutation Sha 01 CHEN Xiang-ying, NIU Ying-ying, DING Xiang, Mansur Nasir, YOU Lu-yao, LIAO Kang 2019, 56(6): 1063-1071.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1517KB) ( )   【Objective】 'Sha 01' is a bud mutation of 'Korla fragrant pear'. Its fruit has excellent quality, but low fruit firmness that it is not benefit to storage and transportation, which affects the popularization and application of this variety. In this study, the difference of firmness between the two varieties was analyzed from the point of view of fruit tissue structure. 【Method】 The paraffin section method was used to observe the cuticle, epidermal cells, tannin cells, parenchyma cells, sclereids group and parenchyma cells around sclereids group of the two pear varieties in maturation phase. 【Result】 The cuticle thickness of the Sha 01 and Korla fragrant pear were 5.44 μm and 9.44 μm. The number of epidermal cells and tannin cells layers in Sha 01 was less than Korla fragrant pear, most of them in Sha 01 were slender, and the aspect ratio was 0.60 and 0.35, however, most of the epidermal cells and tannin cells in Korla fragrant pear were short and thick. The sclereid group diameter of the Sha 01 and Korla fragrant pear were 287.16 μm and 362.04 μm, and the parenchyma cells length around sclereid group of the Sha 01 and Korla fragrant pear were 343.06 μm and 262.71 μm. There was a very significantly positively correlation between the fruit firmness with pericarp and the thickness of cuticle. The fruit firmness without pericarp was very significantly positively correlated with tannin cells aspect ratio, diameters of sclereid group and length-width ratio of parenchyma cells, and was very significantly negatively correlated with tannin cells diameter and parenchyma cells length around sclereid group, there was a significant negative correlation between the fruit firmness without pericarp and width of parenchyma cells.【Conclusion】 It was shown that there are differences in the pericarp and pulp tissue structure between Korla fragrant pear and Sha 01. The thickness of the cuticle and the number of epidermal cell layers in the pericarp, the number of tanninl cell layers and shape of the tannin cells, the shape and size of the parenchyma cells and the diameter of sclereids group in the pulp are the main factors affecting the difference in fruit firmness between the two varieties.

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Study on Agronomic Traits of Turnip fromDifferent Provenances CAO Wei , XUAN Zheng-ying 2019, 56(6): 1072-1082.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1130KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the germplasm provenances of turnip and to promote the breeding of the new varieties of turnip.【Method】30 copies of turnip germplasm were used as experimental materials and 35 agronomic traits were investigated in the study. After that, Q cluster analysis and correlation analysis were carried out.【Result】The results showed that the agronomic traits of turnips from different provenances were quite different and the types were abundant. Among them, the plant height was 44.48 cm, the variation coefficient was 24.91%, the single plant weight was 410.00 g, and the variation coefficient was 37.55%. Q-type cluster analysis showed that 30 materials could be divided into three typical categories, 6 sub-categories with obvious differences among them. The first category was divided into two sub-categories, a total of six varieties; The second category was divided into two sub-categories, a total of 15 varieties; The third category was divided into two sub-species, a total of nine varieties; Correlation analysis showed that the weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root width and root bark thickness. Most of the agronomic traits were correlated, with both positive and negative correlations. 【Conclusion】The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the turnip germplasm resources were rich in diversity and this experiment provided scientific basis for the research and improvement of the agronomic traits of turnip, as well as improving the efficiency of selection and identification, and improving the research and utilization of turnip germplasm resources.

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Cloning and Characterization Analysis of HaFT-9 Gene in14-3-3 Protein in Haloxylon ammodendron LIU Shuan-shuan, WANG Bo, ZONG Xing-feng, WANG Jiao, WANG Xin-qi, YAO Zheng-pei, REN Yan-ping, ZHANG Hua 2019, 56(6): 1083-1094.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (2022KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the expression pattern of Haloxylon ammodendron 14-3-3 protein gene HaFT-9 under different stresses, and the binding characteristics of HaFT-9 protein, so as to provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of stress resistance in Haloxylon ammodendron.【Method】A 14-3-3 protein gene, HaFT-9, was cloned using Haloxylon ammodendron cDNA as a template, and the expression pattern of this gene under different stresses was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the HaFT-9 protein binding properties were verified by yeast two-hybrid assay.【Result】The gene for the Haloxylon ammodendron 14-3-3 protein with an ORF length of 789 bp was cloned and named HaFT-9. Under 20% PEG6000, 200 mmol/L NaCl, and 100 μmol/L ABA treatment, the expression of HaFT-9 all peaked at 6 h of stress, and under 20 μmol/L IAA treatment, the expression of HaFT-9 peaked at 1 h of stress. HaFT was up-regulated in the normal temperature recovery stage in the adaptation experiment of high temperature stress by simulating surface high temperature stress at 40℃, 55℃and 55℃, and 65℃. Yeast two-hybrid experiment showed that HaFT-9 could form homologous dimer with itself.【Conclusion】The HaFT-9 gene (accession number API85525.1) was cloned, which could respond to drought stress, salt stress, ABA and IAA treatment, and was associated with adaptability to high temperature stress. HaFT-9 protein can interact with itself to form homodimer.

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Study on Purification of Total Flavonods from Fruit of Pomegranate Cultivars of Xinjiang by D-101 Macroporous Adsorption Resin MENG Xin-tao, WEI Jian, ZHANG Ting, LI De-hua, TAN Gui, ZHU Li-na, SHAO Wen-zhi, PAN Yan 2019, 56(6): 1095-1103.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1269KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this study, D-101 macroporous adsorption resin was used to separate and purify total flavonods from fruits of pomegranate cultivars from Xinjiang.【Method】 Based on the single factor study, the conditions for the separation and purification of total flavonoids from pomegranate skin by DX101 macroporous adsorption resin were further studied by investigating the temperature, pH, adsorption penetration curve, eluent concentration and ratio of material to liquid, and the optimum technological conditions were found.【Result】The optimal purification conditions were as follows:pH 3-4,temperature of 30℃, material ratio of 1∶4(g/mL), the volume of ethanol in the eluent was 90%. Under this process condition, the purity of total flavonoids in pomegranate peel increased from 7.25% to 17.32%. 【Conclusion】Under this process condition, the non-target ingredients, such as pigment and chlorophyll can be eluted effectively, and the total flavonoids of pomegranate cultivars of Xinjiang can be separated and purified scientifically and reasonably and the operation is simple, safe and of low cost.

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Development of KASPar Marker Closely Linked to the Major Gene Resistantto Colletotrichum acutatum in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) ZHAO Yuan-yuan, LIU Yi-wei, ZHANG Zheng-hai, CAO Ya-cong, YU Hai-long, MA Wen-wen, ZHANG Bao-xi, GAO Jie, WANG Li-hao 2019, 56(6): 1104-1111.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1216KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the inheritance of pepper anthracnose resistance gene, Kaspar marker linked with the anthracnose resistance major gene AnRGO5 was identified and developed.【Method】Pepper inbred line PBC932 (Capsicum chinense), resistant to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) was used as the male parent, and the BC4S1 and BC4S2 populations were obtained by hybridization of the pepper inbred line 77013 (Capsicum annuum) , which was sensitive to anthracnose. The study used Colletotrichum acutatum as the test bacteria, and the green ripe fruit was inoculated by microinjection method, and the phenotypic analysis was carried out according to the diameter of the lesion. Based on the results of re-sequencing of anti- and susceptible parents, Kaspar markers linked to anthracnose in green ripening stage were developed to construct a genetic linkage map.【Result】The diameter of lesions on the surface of pepper fruit was continuous and accorded with the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. The anthracnose resistance gene AnRGO5 was mapped to the marker P5L-866 of the 5th linkage group and the marker P5L-259 by linkage analysis, and the genetic distance was 2.9 cM. The marker P5L-117 developed was closely linked to the gene and the labeling accuracy was 93.5%.【Conclusion】 In the BC3S1 population of pepper, the fruit green ripening resistance gene was located in the marker interval of chromosome 5. Pepper anthracnose resistance is dominantly hereditary and is controlled by two pairs of major genes.

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Study on the Cross Infection of Rot Pathogens in Different Hosts of Orchard in Xinjiang ZHU Zong-cai, ZHANG Wang-bin, LI Ya-peng, YAN Hai-lin, YI Zi-bo 2019, 56(6): 1112-1121.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1593KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out whether there is a cross infection of rot pathogens in different hosts of orchard in Xinjiang in a micro-ecological environment. 【Method】Using the apple (M. pumila Mill), Xinjiang Populus bolleana and Pyrus sinkiangensis rot disease materials in the fifth Regimental Farm of Aksu prefecture of Xinjiang as the experimental material, the cross infection experiment was carried out by the shoot inoculation method; The tubulin and EF-1α gene sequences were constructed by Neighbor-joining (NJ) to analyze the phylogenetic tree. (M.pumila Mill)、(Populus bolleana)(Pyrus sinkiangensis)Using β-tubulin and EF-1 α gene sequences, the corresponding sequences of homologous genes were queried in NCBI database, and then the phylogenetic tree was constructed by neighbor-joining (NJ) method, and the sequence analysis was carried out. (Neighbor-joining,NJ)。【Result】The results of cross-infection showed that the rot pathogens of different host sources could infect each other between apple, Xinjiang poplar and Korla pear. Among them, the rot pathogens derived from pears were the earliest, followed by the rot pathogens originating from Xinjiang poplar; Those originated from apple rot pathogens had the latest onset. Sequence analysis of the β-tubulin and EF-1α genes revealed that the three different host-derived rot pathogens were grouped together. The host of the homologous sequence derived from the apple rot pathogen was apple. Hosts derived from the homologous sequences of Xinjiang poplar are apples and pears. The host of the homologous sequence derived from Korla pear rot pathogen was poplar. 【Conclusion】There existed am cross infection between apple, fragrant pear and poplar in Xinjiang orchard in microecological environment.

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Optimization of the Conditions for DetoxificatioofCottonseed Meal by Gossypol Degradation Enzyme YANG Wen-ting, CHEN Cheng, ZHANG Wen-ju 2019, 56(6): 1122-1126.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1012KB) ( )   【Objective】 To optimize the condition parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis and detoxification of cottonseed meal by gossypol degrading enzyme. 【Method】 Through the orthogonal design of 4 factors and 4 levels, the optimum conditions of hydrolysis of cottonseed meal were selected with the content of free gossypol as the index. 【Result】The optimum conditions for the detoxification of cottonseed meal by gossypol-degrading enzyme were as follows: Temperature 35℃, time 1.5 h, inoculation amount 3%, the substrate moisture 35%. 【Conclusion】The selected enzymatic detoxification parameters have significant effects. Under the conditions of optimal hydrolysis parameters, it was verified by experiments that the content of free gossypol in cottonseed meal decreased from 341.02 mg/kg to 37.01 mg/kg, and the degradation rate of free gossypol was 89.15%, which could be applied to the enzyme-catalyzed detoxification of free gossypol in cottonseed meal.

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Isolation and Identification of an Antagonistic JL50 for Saprolegniasis of Fish and Analysis of Its Antagonistic Characteristics SHEN Hui, WEI Dong-mei, DUAN Wei-wei, LIANG Yong-zeng, WANG Yong-xing 2019, 56(6): 1127-1135.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1480KB) ( )   【Objective】 To isolate and obtain the antagonistic bacteria with strong antagonistic effect on the pathogen of Saprolegniasis, analyze the antagonistic characteristics of Saprolegniasis antagonistic bacteria, and discuss the biological control method in Xinjiang.【Method】In this study, the highly pathogenic fungus Saprolegnia LF04 isolated from the laboratory were used as the indicator bacteria. And the antagonistic bacteria JL50 with strong antagonism against LF04 was isolated from the body surface of the healthy carp (Cyprinus carpio). The antagonistic bacteria were identified by traditional classification and molecular identification methods, and the safety, antagonistic stability and antagonistic range of the antagonistic bacteria were tested.【Result】The antagonistic bacteria JL50 was identified as Bacillus family, Bacillus subtilis genus and Bacillus pumilus by traditional classification and molecular classification. The safety of the antagonist, the stability of the antagonism and the test of the antagonistic range were carried out. The results showed that this strain was safe for fry and increased the survival rate of the fry by 12%, and had a strong antagonism to the infection of the spore suspension of Saprolegnia. At the time of experiment 7 d, the cumulative infection rate of Saprolegniasis in the experimental group and the control group was 53.3% and 95%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05).And after 10 generations of passage, the antagonism was not weakened.【Conclusion】The antagonistic bacteria JL50 isolated from the body surface of healthy carp has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of specific water mold and has potential development and application value in fishery biocontrol.

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Effects of Defect Fragrant Pear Juice Residue on Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage Zaoreguli Reheman, Yeerlan Duishanbieke, WAN Jiang-chun, Aibibula Yimamu 2019, 56(6): 1136-1141.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1081KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of different ratios of defect fragrant pear juice residue supplementation on fermentation quality and nutrient composition of alfalfa silage.【Methods】Mixed alfalfa silage was prepared with 10%, 20% and 30% concentrations of defect fragrant pear juice residue, after anaerobic fermentation 30 d, silage samples went through analysis.【Result】The results showed that 10% or 20% of defect fragrant pear juice residue supplementation reduced the pH value and CP content, which were much lower than those of the control group of silage (P < 0.05); The content of lactic acid was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The fermentation quality of silage was significantly improved by adding defect fragrant pear juice residue.【Conclusion】10% and 20%of defect fragrant pear juice residue is good for improvement of alfalfa silage quality.

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Study on the Relationship between the Growth Dynamics and Soil Nutrients of Achnatherum inebrians on a Small-scale YUE Yong-huan, JIN Gui-li, GONG Ke, HAN Wan-qiang, WANG Hui-ning, Dong Li-li 2019, 56(6): 1142-1150.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1313KB) ( )   【Objective】 Soil nutrient resource is an important factor to determine the settlement of plants. The study of the effects of heterogeneous habitats on the growth of Achnatherum inebrians, the common poisonous plant can provide a basis for exploring its growth adaptation mechanism and diffusion early warning. 【Method】 In this study, three small scale heterogeneity habitats were selected from the typical spreading areas of the A. inebrians in the middle section of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, and the relationship between growth dynamics and soil nutrients was studied. 【Results】 The growth characteristics of A. inebrians in the three habitats showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. which was consistent with Logistic growth curve. The slope direction had a significant effect on the plant height from May to June (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on plant height, plant diameter and tiller number in other months (P> 0.05); Soil nutrient contents of organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen, and available potassium in shady slope were significantly higher than those in the bottom and the sunny slope (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between gully bottom and sunny slope (P> 0.05); only the plant height of A. inebrians from April to June had significant correlation with soil nutrients (P<0.05), that was, the high soil nutrient content inhibited the growth of the plant height of A. inebrians and the other growth characteristics had no significant correlation with the soil nutrient (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, under the small scale heterogeneity environment, the slope direction could affect the growth of plant height and soil nutrient content in tiller and jointing stage, but it could not change the general trend and intensity of growth in the year.

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Effects of 2 000 m Test Competition of Young Yili Horses on the Heart Rate Variability HUANG Jing-jing, MENG Jun, WANG Jiang-wen, ZENG Ya-qi, KONG Qi-sen, CHU Hong-zhong, YAO Xin-kui1, GE Shi-meng, ZHANG Kai-li, REN Xiang 2019, 56(6): 1151-1158.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1109KB) ( )   【Objective】 The experiment aims to study the effect of 2,000 m test competition on the heart rate variability of young Yili horses in the hope of providing theoretical reference for evaluating the fatigue state and exercise state of Yili horses.【Method】Twenty Yili horses aged 2 years old were selected to organize the test race. According to the measured sports results, they were divided into the excellent group (10 horses) and the ordinary group (10 horses). Time domain index, frequency domain index and nonlinear index of heart rate variability (HRV) were collected before, immediately after race, 30 min after race and 1 hour after race, and the otherness of HRV indexes between different time points and two groups of horses was analyzed.【Result】After the Yili horse 2,000 m test race, HRV time domain index in all normal R-R interphase (mean RR), The standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN), successive intervals differing more than 50 ms (PNN50), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of the excellent group were significantly lower than those before the race (P< 0.01), the average heart rate (mean HR) after the race was significantly higher than that before the race (P<0.01). Among the frequency domain indexes, very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) were significantly lower immediately after the race than before the race (P<0.01). The ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) was significantly higher immediately after the race than before the race (P<0.05). The standard deviation (Y) (SD1) and the standard deviation (X) (SD2) of all normal R-R spacing in the nonlinear indexes were significantly lower immediately after the race than before the race (P<0.01). Mean RR, SDNN, PNN50 and RMSSD in the HRV time domain in the ordinary group were significantly lower immediately after the race than before (P<0.01), and Mean HR were significantly higher immediately after the race than before (P<0.01). Frequency indexes VLF, LF and HF were significantly lower immediately after the game than before (P<0.01). Among the nonlinear indexes, the SD2 immediately after the race was significantly lower than that before the race (P<0.01). The Mean RR, SDNN and RMSSD of the excellent group were significantly higher than those of the ordinary group (P<0.05), and the VLF and LF of the excellent group were significantly lower than those of the ordinary group (P<0.05).【Conclusion】After the exercise of Yili horse at 2,000 m, the sympathetic nerve tension increases, the vagus nerve tension decreases, and the balance between the sympathetic nerve and the vagus nerve is disturbed. So HRV can be used as an effective index to evaluate the exercise fatigue of Yili horses. Mean RR, RMSSD, SDNN and PNN50 indexes could be monitored before the race to evaluate the movement status of horses.

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Effects of Different Doses of Procyanidins on Antioxidant Activity of 2-Year-Old Yili Horses DONG Ya-fei, MENG Jun, WANG Jiang-wen, ZENG Ya-qi, KONG Qi-sen, CHU Hong-zhong, YAO Xin-kui, GE Shi-meng, ZHANG Kai-li, REN Xiang, HUANG Jing-jing 2019, 56(6): 1159-1165.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1032KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different doses of proanthocyanidins on serum antioxidant indexes before and after 1,000 m speed race in Yili horses. 【Method】 Sixteen Yili horse horses, aged 2 years and close to 1,000 m speed, were randomly divided into four groups. Four dose groups of proanthocyanidins were supplemented for 28 days, and 1,000 meters speed race was carried out on the 28th day. The sampling time was 30 minutes before the race, 30 minutes after the race, 90 minutes after the race and 24 hours after the race. Venous blood was collected to determine the related indexes, and the results were analyzed by single factor variance analysis. 【Result】 In resting state: the activity of SOD in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). GSH-PX were significantly higher in the 60 mg/kg BW and 40 mg/kg BW than control group (P <0.05). 30 min after the game: SOD and GSH-PX were significantly higher in the 60 mg/kg BW and 40 mg/kg BW than the control group (P<0.05). MDA content was significantly lower in the 60 mg/kg BW than control group (P <0.05). 90 min after the game: SOD were significantly higher in the 60 mg/kg BW than the control group (P <0.05). GSH-PX were significantly higher in the 60 mg/kg BW than 40 mg/kg BW and the control group with 20 mg/kg BW (P <0.05). 24 hours after the game: SOD and GSH-PX were significantly higher in the 60 mg /kg BW than the control group (P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 The amount of procyanidins supplemented to exercise horses was controlled at 60 mg/kg BW can effectively promote the antioxidant capacity of the Yili horses.

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Analysis of Different Wool Colors and Related Gene Polymorphism in Xinjiang Bashibai Sheep Baoaodungerile, YAO Li-dan, Manzere Zhuerding, LIANG Ziao-peng, ZHANG Zhen-liang, Jueken Aniwashi 2019, 56(6): 1166-1176.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1667KB) ( )   【Objective】 This paper takes Xinjiang Bashiby sheep with different fur colors(73 red, 53 black and 40 gray) were taken as the research object that polymorphisms of ASIP, TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2 were detected by PCR-SSCP technique and analyzed. Correlation with the phenotype of the coat. 【Method】Three kinds of coats of Bashiby sheep were selected by random sampling method, and blood was collected with sodium citrate anticoagulant tube.Using the software PIC-CALC and POPGENE 32 to calculate the polymorphic information content and genotype frequency, allele frequency, homozygosity, heterozygosity, effective allele number of ASIP, TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2 genes in Bashiby sheep, and the distribution of genotypes at this locus was subjected to a chi-square test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The obtained data was input into an Excel table for sorting, and the difference analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software.【Result】 ASIP gene had two genotypes of AA and AB in different coats of Bashibai sheep, and allele B was the dominant allele in the red coat group; Allele A is black, the dominant alleles in the two coat groups of cyan and gray, which was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state (P>0.05). The red wool polymorphism information content was in a moderate polymorphism, while the black and cyan gray wool polymorphism information content was in a low polymorphism. The TYR gene had two genotypes in the different coat color of the Bashbai sheep group: AA type, AG type and GG type, and the allele G was the three coat color dominant allele TYR gene in Bashbai sheep black and the cyan coat population was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state(P＞0.05), while the red coat population was in an unbalanced state(P<0.05). There were two genotypes of TYRP1 gene: AA type and GG type, allele A was the dominant allele of red and blue gray coat color; allele G was the dominant allele of black coat group. The TYRP1 gene was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state in the Bashbai sheep population. The red coat polymorphism information content was highly polymorphic, and the black and cyan gray wool polymorphism information content was in low polymorphism. The PCR-SSCP results of the TYRP2 gene did not show polymorphism. 【Conclusion】 The polymorphisms of ASIP, TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2 genes are related to the wool color traits of Bashbai sheep, but the specific regulation mechanism needs to be further studied.