Effects of sowing date on stem traits and population dynamics of ultra late winter wheat

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.001

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1301-1307.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.001

• Special volume for green, yield increasing, quality improving and eficiency improving technologies for major grain crops in Xinjiang • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of sowing date on stem traits and population dynamics of ultra late winter wheat

TIAN Wenqiang¹(), DONG Yanxue¹, SHI Yongqing², LEI Junjie³, SUN Ganggang¹, WANG Hongyi¹, NIE Lingfan¹, GOU Fei⁴, AI Hongyu², SHI Shubing¹, ZHANG Jinshan¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Tacheng Prefecture, Tacheng Xinjiang 834799, China
3. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
4. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Tacheng Prefecture, Tacheng Xinjiang 834700, China

Received:2022-10-21 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-20
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jinshan (1987- ), male, Tianshui, Gansu Province, lecturer, master supervisor, research direction is wheat high yield cultivation, (E-mail) zhangjinshan0530@sina.com
Supported by:
Key R&D Program Project of Xinjiang Uyigur Autonomous Region"Optimization, Integration and Application of High Yield,Fine Quality and Synergism Technology of Green Winter Wheat in Xinjiang"(2021B02002-1)

播期对超晚冬麦茎秆性状及群体动态的影响

田文强¹(), 董艳雪¹, 史永清², 雷钧杰³, 孙刚刚¹, 王泓懿¹, 聂凌帆¹, 郭飞⁴, 艾洪玉², 石书兵¹, 张金汕¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆塔城地区农业科学研究所,新疆塔城 834799
3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.新疆塔城地区农业技术推广中心,新疆塔城 834700

通讯作者: 张金汕(1987-),男,甘肃天水人,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail) zhangjinshan0530@sina.com
作者简介:田文强(1997-),男,山东章丘人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail)362959397@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目“新疆小麦绿色丰产提质增效技术优化集成及应用”(2021B02002-1)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To further explore the rules of stem traits and population dynamic changes of ultra-late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang and study the growth difference between ultra-late sowing wheat and suitable sowing wheat in the hope of providing some theoretical basis for the winter wheat's high yield.【Methods】 Using a randomized block design, five ultra late sowing dates (T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅) were set up, and local suitable sowing dates were used as control (CK). The differences in dynamic changes in stem traits, population total stem number, leaf area index (LAI), and dry matter weight of wheat main stem tillers were compared among wheat of different sowing dates.【Results】 Compared with CK, the average evenness of main stem and tiller of ultra late sowing wheat decreased by 11.19% and 25.99%, the average plant height decreased by 5.35% and 6.70%, the total internode length decreased by 9.27% and 14.83%, the third internode length decreased by 18.05% and 22.18%, the fourth internode length decreased by 25.73% and 11.89%, and the evenness of each treatment, plant height, and internode length of ultra late sowing wheat were the smallest in T₃ treatment; The average internode diameter of the main stem had almost no difference, and the average internode diameter of the tiller decreased by 7.05%. The diameter indexes of T₃ treatment were larger than those of other ultra late sowing wheat treatments; The peak value of total stem number decreased by 20.26% compared to the peak value of CK, the peak value of leaf area index decreased by 28.79%, and the dry matter weight at maturity decreased by 17.01%. With the growth of ultra late sowing wheat, the total stem number was the highest in T₁ and the lowest in T₃, both of the leaf area index and the dry matter weight were T₁>T₄>T₂>T₅>T₃.【Conclusion】 Compared with winter wheat sown at suitable time, the plant height and uniformity of ultra late sown wheat in northern Xinjiang decrease, the difference in internode diameter is small, the total stem number, leaf area index, and dry matter of the population significantly decrease, and the population quality is poor. Through comprehensive consideration, ultra-late sowing wheat should be sown from late October to early November when there is no snow or frozen soil in the field, the emergence rate is high, thus obtaining a more reasonable population.

Key words: ultra late sowing; winter wheat; stem traits; population dynamics

摘要：

【目的】研究播期对新疆北疆超晚播冬小麦茎秆性状及群体动态变化的规律,分析超晚播小麦与适期播种小麦生长差异,为超晚播小麦高产提供理论依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,设5个超晚播期处理(T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄、T₅),以当地适期播种为对照(CK),比较不同播期对小麦主茎分蘖茎秆性状及群体总茎数、叶面积指数、干物质重动态变化的差异。【结果】与CK相比,超晚播小麦主茎、分蘖平均整齐度减少11.19%、25.99%,平均株高降低5.35%、6.70%,节间总长度降低9.27%、14.83%,第三节间长度减少18.05%、22.18%,第四节间减少25.73%、11.89%,超晚播小麦各处理间整齐度、株高及节间长度均以T₃处理最小;主茎平均节间直径几乎无差异,分蘖平均节间直径减少7.05%,T₃处理各直径指标较其它超晚播小麦处理均较大;总茎数峰值较CK峰值减少20.26%,叶面积指数峰值减少28.79%,成熟期干物质重减少17.01%,随超晚播小麦生长,总茎数均以T₁最高、T₃最低,叶面积指数和干物质重均为T₁>T₄>T₂>T₅>T₃。【结论】与适期播种冬小麦相比,新疆北疆超晚播小麦株高和整齐度降低,节间直径差异较小,总茎数、叶面积指数及群体干物质重大幅降低,群体质量差。超晚播小麦应选择在10月下旬至11月上旬田间无积雪无冻土时播种,出苗率较高,获得较合理的群体。

关键词: 超晚播, 冬小麦, 茎秆性状, 群体动态

CLC Number:

S512

TIAN Wenqiang, DONG Yanxue, SHI Yongqing, LEI Junjie, SUN Ganggang, WANG Hongyi, NIE Lingfan, GOU Fei, AI Hongyu, SHI Shubing, ZHANG Jinshan. Effects of sowing date on stem traits and population dynamics of ultra late winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1301-1307.

田文强, 董艳雪, 史永清, 雷钧杰, 孙刚刚, 王泓懿, 聂凌帆, 郭飞, 艾洪玉, 石书兵, 张金汕. 播期对超晚冬麦茎秆性状及群体动态的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1301-1307.

Figures/Tables 7

References 22

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播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	株高 Plant height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes (cm)	节间长度(自下而上) Length of internode(cm)
播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	株高 Plant height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes (cm)	1	2	3	4
CK	22.45	92.08^a	49.08^a	3.02^b	9.65^ab	16.95^a	24.33^a
T₁	28.9	87.38^b	45.86^bc	3.99^ab	9.34^ab	15.00^b	18.84^b
T₂	15.67	88.26^b	45.57^bc	4.80^a	9.51^ab	14.00^bc	17.89^bc
T₃	14.75	83.17^c	41.21^d	3.79^ab	9.34^ab	13.43^c	17.42^c
T₄	21.78	87.45^b	43.20^cd	3.77^ab	9.29^b	13.47^c	17.92^bc
T₅	18.7	89.47^b	46.79^ab	4.42^a	10.50^a	13.57^c	18.30^bc

播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	株高 Plant height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes (cm)	节间长度(自下而上) Length of internode(cm)
播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	株高 Plant height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes (cm)	1	2	3	4
CK	22.45	92.08^a	49.08^a	3.02^b	9.65^ab	16.95^a	24.33^a
T₁	28.9	87.38^b	45.86^bc	3.99^ab	9.34^ab	15.00^b	18.84^b
T₂	15.67	88.26^b	45.57^bc	4.80^a	9.51^ab	14.00^bc	17.89^bc
T₃	14.75	83.17^c	41.21^d	3.79^ab	9.34^ab	13.43^c	17.42^c
T₄	21.78	87.45^b	43.20^cd	3.77^ab	9.29^b	13.47^c	17.92^bc
T₅	18.7	89.47^b	46.79^ab	4.42^a	10.50^a	13.57^c	18.30^bc

播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	分蘖高 Tiller height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes(cm)	节间长度(自下而上) Length of internode(cm)
播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	分蘖高 Tiller height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes(cm)	1	2	3	4
CK	19.70	89.76^a	51.65^a	3.87^cd	11.15^a	17.27^a	20.77^a
T₁	14.71	83.95^b	44.74^bc	3.21^d	9.65^bc	13.70^bc	18.18^b
T₂	17.09	84.59^b	45.87^b	4.81^abc	10.31^ab	13.14^bc	18.27^b
T₃	9.77	80.41^c	42.04^c	3.93^bcd	8.93^c	12.57^c	17.78^b
T₄	16.43	83.67^b	42.59^c	4.97^ab	9.67^bc	13.94^b	18.28^b
T₅	14.92	86.12^b	44.71^bc	5.32^a	10.32^ab	13.87^b	18.99^b

播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	分蘖高 Tiller height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes(cm)	节间长度(自下而上) Length of internode(cm)
播种时间 Sowing time	整齐度 Evenness	分蘖高 Tiller height (cm)	节间总长度 Total length of internodes(cm)	1	2	3	4
CK	19.70	89.76^a	51.65^a	3.87^cd	11.15^a	17.27^a	20.77^a
T₁	14.71	83.95^b	44.74^bc	3.21^d	9.65^bc	13.70^bc	18.18^b
T₂	17.09	84.59^b	45.87^b	4.81^abc	10.31^ab	13.14^bc	18.27^b
T₃	9.77	80.41^c	42.04^c	3.93^bcd	8.93^c	12.57^c	17.78^b
T₄	16.43	83.67^b	42.59^c	4.97^ab	9.67^bc	13.94^b	18.28^b
T₅	14.92	86.12^b	44.71^bc	5.32^a	10.32^ab	13.87^b	18.99^b

播种时间 Sowing time	主茎节间直径(自下而上) Internode diameter of main stem (mm)				主茎平均节间直径 Average internode diameter of main stem (mm)
播种时间 Sowing time	1	2	3	4	主茎平均节间直径 Average internode diameter of main stem (mm)
CK	3.18^a	3.47^ab	3.83^a	4.32^a	3.48^a
T₁	2.92^b	3.53^ab	3.96^a	3.86^b	3.50^a
T₂	2.93^b	3.41^b	3.76^a	3.85^b	3.45^a
T₃	3.05^ab	3.65^a	3.92^a	3.93^b	3.47^a
T₄	3.04^ab	3.58^ab	3.82^a	4.00^b	3.54^a
T₅	3.09^ab	3.64^a	3.77^a	3.89^b	3.60^a

Effects of sowing date on stem traits and population dynamics of ultra late winter wheat

播期对超晚冬麦茎秆性状及群体动态的影响

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播种时间 Sowing time	分蘖节间直径(自下而上) Tiller internode diameter (mm)				分蘖平均节间直径 Average internode diameter of tiller (mm)
播种时间 Sowing time	1	2	3	4	分蘖平均节间直径 Average internode diameter of tiller (mm)
CK	2.60^ab	2.85^a	3.31^a	3.38^ab	2.98^a
T₁	2.21^b	3.40^a	2.86^bc	2.86^c	2.83^ab
T₂	2.21^b	2.67^a	2.77^c	3.03^bc	2.64^ab
T₃	2.47^ab	2.81^a	3.03^b	3.66^a	2.92^ab
T₄	2.34^b	2.73^a	2.88^bc	3.18^abc	2.60^b
T₅	3.14^a	2.83^a	2.85^bc	3.16^abc	2.84^ab

[1]	CHEN Chuanxin, ZHNAG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, KONG Depeng, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie. Effects of biomass charcoal application rate on the growth, development, and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2146-2151.
[2]	WANG Xiaoyu, WANG Xiaoping, SHI Wenyu, LIU Meiyan, MA Jian, GUO Yunpeng, SONG Ruixin, WANG Qingtao. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield to drought stress in winter wheat at jointing stage [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2163-2172.
[3]	YANG Hongmei, ZHANG Yueqiang, SHI Yingwu, Omarjan Kurban, LIN Qing, WANG Ning, CHU Min, ZENG Jun. Effects of different types of foliar fertilizers on grain yield and 1uality of winter wheat [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2182-2188.
[4]	ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, Sailihan Sai, LEI Junjie. Regulation of chlormequat on lodging resistance of winter wheat stem during the period of drip application of CCC [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1873-1878.
[5]	ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie, LIU Changwen. Effects of combined application of nitrogen enhancer and nitrogen reduction on leaf physiology and yield of winter wheat [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1319-1325.
[6]	LUO Siwei, JIA Yonghong, ZHANG Jinshan, WANG Kai, LI Dandan, WANG Runqi, DONG Yanxue, SHI Shubing. Effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on the spatial distribution of soil water, root morphology and yield of uniformly sown winter wheat [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1344-1352.
[7]	TIAN Wenqiang, GOU Fei, NIE Lingfan, SUN Ganggang, WANG Hongyi, SHI Yongqing, SHANG Yanming, WU Li, SHI Shubing, ZHANG Jinshan. Effects of super late sowing on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1059-1066.
[8]	ZHANG Jingcan, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu. Effects of different growth regulators on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1067-1074.
[9]	ZHANG Yongqiang, XU Qijiang, CHEN Chuanxin, MA Xin, ZHANG Humei, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie. Effects of basal fertilizer types and fertilization methods on the growth and yield of winter wheat [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1075-1081.
[10]	SHEN Yuyang, LAI Ning, FAN Guiqiang, CUI Yanhua, YANG Hong, LAI Hailin, LIN Min, LEI Junjie, LI Guangkuo, GAO Haifeng. Effects of wheat late sowing and organic fertilizer replaced nitrogen fertilizer on the population dynamics of Sitobion avenae [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1082-1087.
[11]	ZHANG Yongqiang, FANG Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, CHEN Xingwu, LEI Junjie. Effect of Exogenous Silicon Drip Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Low Light Stress [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2): 336-343.
[12]	LIU Guohong, FU Yanbo, BIAN Qingyong, WEI Yayuan, WEI Yanhong, ZHANG Wanxu, ZHU Jinquan. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Physiological Growth and Yield of Wheat under Drip Irrigation [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(7): 1582-1589.
[13]	CHEN Meng, LIANG Xueqi, LI Ling, ZHANG Li, CHEN Guodong, WU Quanzhong, ZHAI Yunlong. Effects of Planting Densities on Grain Filling and Grain Yield of Uniformly Sown Winter Wheat [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(6): 1338-1346.
[14]	ZHU Zhen, LI Tiansheng, CUI Jing, CHEN Jianhua, SHI Xiaoyan, JIANG Menghao, WANG Haijiang. Study on Estimation of Water Status of Winter Wheat in Different Growth Stages Based on Hyperspectral Imaging [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(3): 521-532.
[15]	LI Huaisheng, AI Haifeng, WANG Heya, ZHANG Lei, LI Jinke, YANG Jie. Effects of Fertilizer Reduction on Growth, Yield and Fertilizer Utilization of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 329-336.