Effects of Irrigation Frequency and Irrigation Amount on Yield，Quality and Irrigation Water use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 in order to construct a reasonable drip irrigation system in solar greenhouse，the effects of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount on root soil water distribution and growth of cucumber were studied. 【Method】 the field experiment was conducted on Cucumber Variety Huangru No.4 under drip irrigation with three irrigation frequencies of 1 d （D₁），3 d （D₂） and 5 d （D₃） and three irrigation amounts of W₁（150 m³/667 m²），W₂ （200 m³/667 m²） and W₃ （250 m³/667 m²） under drip irrigation conditions. The growth indexes of cucumber were observed during the growth period. 【Result】 during the whole growth period，the water consumption of cucumber showed the law of less in the initial stage，larger in the full stage and less in the last stage；the plant height，leaf area，fruitdry matter and yield of cucumber increased with the increase of irrigation amount，and decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency. The yield of cucumber reached the maximum under D₃W₃ treatment，which was 11 380.1 kg/667 m² The increase of irrigation amount first increased and then decreased，and gradually decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency，reaching the highest at D₃W₁，which was 67.21 kg/m^-3. Except soluble solids，Fruit length，Fruitdiameter ，the quality of cucumber increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount，and reached the maximum under reclaimed water irrigation. 【Conclusion】 Based on principal component analysis，D₃W₂ （5 d，200 m³/667 m²） had the highest score，which showed high yield and quality，and high water use efficiency，which was the best drip irrigation frequency and irrigation amount.

Key words: cucumber; irrigation frequency; irrigation amount; yield; quality; irrigation water use efficiency

摘要：

【目的】 研究灌水频率和灌水量对黄瓜根系土壤水分分布及生长的影响，构建合理的日光温室滴灌技术体系。【方法】 以黄瓜品种黄乳4号为材料，在滴灌条件下设置1d（D₁）、3d（D₂）、5d（D₃）3个灌水频率和W₁（150 m³/667 m²）、W₂（200 m³/667 m²）、W₃（250 m³/667 m²）3个灌水量的田间试验，在生育期内测定黄瓜各项生长指标。【结果】 全生育期中，黄瓜耗水呈现初瓜期少，盛瓜期大，末瓜期少的规律；黄瓜株高、叶面积、果实干物质和产量随着灌水量的增大，均呈现增加趋势，随着灌水频率的增大，均呈现下降趋势，黄瓜产量在D₃W₃处理下达到最大，为11 380.1 kg/667 m²；灌溉水利用效率则随灌水量的增大呈现先增大后减小趋势且随灌水频率的增加逐渐降低，在D₃W₁处达最高，为67.21 kg/m³。黄瓜品质除可溶性固形物、果长、果径外，其他均随灌水量的增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在中水灌溉时达最大。【结论】 D₃W₂（5d，200 m³/667 m²）处理得分最高，表现为高产优质，且水分利用效率较高，为最佳滴灌频率和灌水量。

关键词: 黄瓜, 灌溉频率, 灌水量, 产量, 品质, 灌溉水利用效率

CLC Number:

S682.1

BAI Hongxia, ZHANG Yahong, MA Xiaolian, HUANG Jiajun. Effects of Irrigation Frequency and Irrigation Amount on Yield，Quality and Irrigation Water use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2136-2146.

摆虹霞, 张亚红, 马小连, 黄嘉俊. 灌水频率和灌水量对温室黄瓜产量、品质及灌溉水利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2136-2146.

Figures/Tables 11

References 28

[1]	郭兰香. 西北地区日光温室水果黄瓜优质栽培技术[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2008(2):116-117.
	GUO Lanxiang. High quality cultivation techniques of fruit cucumber in Solar Greenhouse in Northwest China[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008 (2):116-117.
[2]	李道西, 李自辉. 不同滴灌灌溉制度对温室黄瓜生理生态的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(Z1):86-89.
	LI Daoxi, LI Zihui. Effects of different drip irrigation systems on Physiological Ecology of greenhouse cucumber[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Irrig Drain, 2014, 33 (z1):86-89.
[3]	张坤, 刁明, 景博, 等. 不同灌水量与灌水频率对加工番茄根系生长和产量的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2020, 38(1):83-89.
	ZHANG Kun, DIAO Ming, JING Bo, et al. Effects of different irrigation amount and frequency on root growth and yield of processing tomato[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering Drain Irrig Mach Eng, 2020, 38 (1):83-89.
[4]	王新元, 李登顺, 张喜英. 日光温室冬春茬黄瓜产量与灌水量的关系[J]. 中国蔬菜, 1999,(1):3-5.
	WANG Xinyuan, LI Dengshun, ZHANG Xiying. Relationship between cucumber yield and irrigation amount in solar greenhouse[J]. Chinese vegetables, 1999,(1):3-5.
[5]	韩建会, 石琳琪, 武彦荣. 水分胁迫对日光温室黄瓜产量的影响[J]. 西南农业大学学报, 2000,(5):395-397.
	HAN Jianhui, SHI Linqi, WU Yanrong. Effect of water stress on Cucumber Yield in solar greenhouse[J]. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 2000,(5):395-397.
[6]	方栋平, 吴立峰, 张富仓, 等. 灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和养分吸收的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(11):34-41.
	FANG Dongping, WU Lifeng, ZHANG Fucang, et al. Effects of irrigation amount and drip fertilization on Cucumber Yield and nutrient uptake in greenhouse[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Irrig Drain, 2016, 35(11):34-41.
[7]	毋海梅, 闫浩芳, 张川, 等. 温室滴灌黄瓜产量和水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(9):84-93.
	WU Haimei, YAN Haofang, ZHANG Chuan, et al. Response of Cucumber Yield and water use efficiency to water stress under drip irrigation in greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(9):84-93.
[8]	刘淑艳, 于振良, 马占岳. 膜下滴灌灌水频率对高寒地区温室黄瓜生长效应研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2016(02):40-42.
	LIU Shuyan, YU Zhenliang, MA Zhanyue. Effect of drip irrigation frequency under Mulch on cucumber growth in Alpine Region[J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2016,(2):40-42.
[9]	郭文忠, 曲梅, 韦彦, 等. 灌溉频率对日光温室黄瓜生长发育及干物质积累的响应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007,(5):467-470.
	GUO Wenzhong, QU Mei, WEI Yan, et al. Response of irrigation frequency to cucumber growth and dry matter accumulation in solar greenhouse[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007,(5):467-470.
[10]	杨冬艳, 冯海萍, 赵云霞, 等. 日光温室秋冬茬黄瓜结果期灌溉频率对产量及根系分布特征的影响[J]. 节水灌溉, 2020,(06):20-23.
	YANG Dongyan, FENG Haiping, ZHAO Yunxia, et al. Effects of irrigation frequency on Yield and root distribution characteristics of Autumn Winter Cucumber in solar greenhouse[J]. Water saving irrigation, 2020,(6):20-23.
[11]	郭生虎, 孔德杰, 张源沛, 等. 不同灌水量对日光温室黄瓜耗水规律及水分利用效率的影响[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology, 2010, 11(Z1):217-220.
	GUO Shenghu, KONG Dejie, ZHANG Yuanpei, et al. Effects of different irrigation amount on water consumption and water use efficiency of Cucumber in solar greenhouse[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology, 2010, 11(z1):217-220.
[12]	何华, 杜社妮, 梁银丽, 等. 土壤水分条件对温室黄瓜需水规律和水分利用的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003,(8):1372-1376.
	HE Hua, DU sheni, LIANG Yinli, et al. Effects of soil moisture conditions on water requirement and water use of greenhouse cucumber[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2003,(8):1372-1376.
[13]	王巨媛, 毛秀杰, 翟胜. 日光温室嫁接黄瓜需水规律的研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005,(4):147-150.
	WANG Juyuan, MAO Xiujie, ZHAI Sheng. Study on water requirement of Grafted Cucumber in solar greenhouse[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2005,(4):147-150.
[14]	祁娟霞, 刘馨, 赵小兵, 等. 不同灌水量和灌水频率对番茄植株生长、光合与荧光特性的影响[J]. 节水灌溉, 2017,(4):50-56.
	QI juanxia, LIU Xin, ZHAO Xiaobing, et al. Effects of different irrigation amount and irrigation frequency on tomato plant growth,photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics[J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2017,(4):50-56.
[15]	张亚红, 陈端生, 黄晚华. 日光温室黄瓜群体结构参数及群体内辐射分布分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2003,(1):172-176.
	ZHANG Yahong, CHEN Duansheng, HUANG Wanhua. Analysis of population structure parameters and radiation distribution in Cucumber population in solar greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2003,(1):172-176.
[16]	程凤林. 膜下滴灌灌溉定额及灌溉次数对辣椒生长及生理的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2010.
	CHENG Fenglin. Effects of irrigation quota and irrigation times on pepper growth and physiology[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2010.
[17]	孔德杰, 张源沛, 郭生虎, 等. 不同灌水量对日光温室黄瓜耗水规律及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(3):42-47.
	KONG Dejie, ZHANG Yuanpei, GUO Shenghu, et al. Effects of different irrigation amount on water consumption and water use efficiency of Cucumber in solar greenhouse[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2011, 29 (3):42-47.
[18]	杜社妮, 白岗栓, 梁银丽. 灌溉方式对黄瓜生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2010, 36(4):433-439.
	DU Sini, BAI gangshuan, LIANG Yinli. Effects of irrigation methods on cucumber growth,yield and water use efficiency[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture & Life Sciences), 2010, 36 (4):433-439.
[19]	侯建安, 南雄雄, 康超, 等. 滴灌频率和定额对枸杞园土壤水热分布及产量的影响[J]. 经济林研究, 2019, 37(2):58-66.
	HOU Jian'an, NAN XiongXiong, KANG Chao, et al. Effects of drip irrigation frequency and quota on soil water and heat distribution and yield in Lycium barbarum Garden[J]. Non-wood Forest Research, 2019, 37 (2):58-66.
[20]	张坤, 刁明, 景博, 等. 不同灌水量与灌水频率对加工番茄根系生长和产量的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2020, 38(1):83-89.
	ZHANG Kun, DIAO Ming, JING Bo, et al. Effects of different irrigation amount and frequency on root growth and yield of processing tomato[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering \| J Drain Irrig Mach Eng, 2020, 38 (1):83-89
[21]	韦泽秀, 梁银丽, 周茂娟, 等. 水肥组合对日光温室黄瓜叶片生长和产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(3):69-74.
	WEI Zexiu, LIANG Yinli, ZHOU maojuan, et al. Effects of water and fertilizer combination on cucumber leaf growth and yield in solar greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26 (3):69-74.
[22]	吴立飞. 灌水量与追肥量对黄瓜产量和品质的初步研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2014.
	WU lifeI. Preliminary study on the effects of irrigation and Topdressing on Cucumber Yield and quality[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2014.
[23]	ZHANG Hexi, CHI Daocai, WANG Qun, et al. Yield and Quality Response of Cucumber to Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Under Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Solar Greenhouse[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2011, 10(6):921-930. DOI URL
[24]	Badr MA, Abou Hussein SD, El-Tohamy WA, et al. Nutrient uptake and yield of tomato under various methods of fertilizer application and levels of fertigation in arid lands[J]. Gesunde Pflanzen, 2010, 62:11-19. DOI URL
[25]	李红峥, 曹红霞, 郭莉杰, 等. 沟灌方式和灌水量对温室番茄综合品质与产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(21):4179-4191.
	LI Hongzheng, CAO Hongxia, GUO Lijie, et al. Effects of furrow irrigation methods and irrigation amount on comprehensive quality and yield of greenhouse tomato[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49 (21):4179-4191.
[26]	李波, 邢经伟, 姚名泽. 深埋秸秆量和滴灌量对温室番茄品质、产量及IWUE的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2019, 50(1):51-59.
	LI Bo, XING Jingwei, YAO Mingze, FENG Xue, et al. Effects of deep buried straw amount and drip irrigation amount on quality,yield and IWUE of greenhouse tomato[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2019, 50(0):51-59.
[27]	李志军, 李静, 张富仓, 等. 水氮供应对温室滴灌施肥黄瓜产量及品质的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(12):143-150+159.
	LI Zhijun, LI Jing, ZHANG Fucang, et al. Effects of water and nitrogen supply on Yield and quality of Cucumber under drip irrigation and fertilization in greenhouse[J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University(Natural Science Edition), 2015, 43(12):143-150+159.
[28]	苗丽, 段颖, 王长林, 等. 中国南瓜对嫁接黄瓜产量与风味影响的综合评价[J]. 核农学报, 2019, 33(10):1949-1958. DOI
	MIAO Li, DUAN Ying, WANG Changlin, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of the effect of Chinese pumpkin on the yield and flavor of grafted cucumber[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 33(10):1949-1958.

灌溉频率 Irrigation frequency	灌水量 Irrigation amount	单株结果数 Number of fruiting per plant	单果重 Single fruit weight （g）	小区产量 Plot yield （kg）	折合单产 Yield per mu （kg/667 m²）	IWUE （kg/m³）
D₁	W₁	33.2^e	114.8^b	167.6^e	7 642.2^e	50.95^d
	W₂	35.6^d	108.7^d	170.6^e	7 779.3^e	38.90^f
	W₃	40^c	111.4^c	192.7^d	8 786.1^d	35.77^g
D₂	W₁	40^c	109.5^d	196.1^cd	8 942.3^cd	62.47^b
	W₂	39.7^c	117.2^a	205.5^c	9 370.2^c	46.65^d
	W₃	41.3^c	117.8^a	214.4^b	9 774.5^b	39.10^f
D₃	W₁	43.5^b	115.5^b	221.1^b	10 082.0^b	67.21^a
	W₂	50.5^a	108.3^d	240.8^a	10 977.7^a	54.89^c
	W₃	49.7^a	114.2^b	249.6^a	11 380.1^a	45.52^e
显著性检验（F值）Significant level（F value）
灌溉频率Irrigation frequency		359.5**	28.8**	292.5**	292.5**	268.3**
灌水量Irrigation amount		40.2**	25.7**	41.9**	41.9**	57.0**
灌溉频率×灌水量 Irrigation frequency×Irrigation amount		30.8**	69.0**	6.2**	6.2**	10.1**

灌溉频率 Irrigation frequency	灌水量 Irrigation amount	单株结果数 Number of fruiting per plant	单果重 Single fruit weight （g）	小区产量 Plot yield （kg）	折合单产 Yield per mu （kg/667 m²）	IWUE （kg/m³）
D₁	W₁	33.2^e	114.8^b	167.6^e	7 642.2^e	50.95^d
	W₂	35.6^d	108.7^d	170.6^e	7 779.3^e	38.90^f
	W₃	40^c	111.4^c	192.7^d	8 786.1^d	35.77^g
D₂	W₁	40^c	109.5^d	196.1^cd	8 942.3^cd	62.47^b
	W₂	39.7^c	117.2^a	205.5^c	9 370.2^c	46.65^d
	W₃	41.3^c	117.8^a	214.4^b	9 774.5^b	39.10^f
D₃	W₁	43.5^b	115.5^b	221.1^b	10 082.0^b	67.21^a
	W₂	50.5^a	108.3^d	240.8^a	10 977.7^a	54.89^c
	W₃	49.7^a	114.2^b	249.6^a	11 380.1^a	45.52^e
显著性检验（F值）Significant level（F value）
灌溉频率Irrigation frequency		359.5**	28.8**	292.5**	292.5**	268.3**
灌水量Irrigation amount		40.2**	25.7**	41.9**	41.9**	57.0**
灌溉频率×灌水量 Irrigation frequency×Irrigation amount		30.8**	69.0**	6.2**	6.2**	10.1**

处理 Handle	单株结果数 Number of fruitingper plant	单果重 Singlefruit weight	小区产量 Plot yield	折合667m²产 Yield per mu	IWUE_Y	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	VC含量 VC content	有机酸 Organic acids
D₁W₁	-1.501 03	0.480 07	-1.373 72	-1.373 99	0.174 79	0.162 11	1.785 55	-1.601 12	-1.332 88
D₁W₂	-1.081 6	-1.188 02	-1.267 75	-1.267 73	-0.934 39	1.035 07	0.556 96	0.698 11	0.068 11
D₁W₃	-0.312 63	-0.449 68	-0.487 08	-0.487 39	-1.222 49	0.137 69	0.090 1	-0.149 91	-0.632 12
D₂W₁	0.141 75	-0.969 25	-0.366 98	-0.366 32	1.235 18	0.711 52	0.802 68	-0.512 75	1.118 73
D₂W₂	-0.365 06	1.136 37	-0.034 93	-0.034 67	-0.221 02	1.248 73	0.507 82	1.578 51	1.469 11
D₂W₃	-0.085 44	1.300 44	0.279 45	0.278 69	-0.915 98	-1.669 27	-0.966 49	-0.755 38	0.768 35
D₃W₁	0.299 04	0.671 49	0.516 13	0.517 02	1.671 48	-0.594 86	-0.720 77	-0.632 89	-1.332 88
D₃W₂	1.522 39	-1.297 4	1.212 01	1.211 25	0.537 46	0.241 47	-0.917 35	1.044 73	0.068 11
D₃W₃	1.382 58	0.315 99	1.522 87	1.523 14	-0.325 03	-1.272 47	-1.138 49	0.330 7	-0.194 54

处理 Handle	单株结果数 Number of fruitingper plant	单果重 Singlefruit weight	小区产量 Plot yield	折合667m²产 Yield per mu	IWUE_Y	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	VC含量 VC content	有机酸 Organic acids
D₁W₁	-1.501 03	0.480 07	-1.373 72	-1.373 99	0.174 79	0.162 11	1.785 55	-1.601 12	-1.332 88
D₁W₂	-1.081 6	-1.188 02	-1.267 75	-1.267 73	-0.934 39	1.035 07	0.556 96	0.698 11	0.068 11
D₁W₃	-0.312 63	-0.449 68	-0.487 08	-0.487 39	-1.222 49	0.137 69	0.090 1	-0.149 91	-0.632 12
D₂W₁	0.141 75	-0.969 25	-0.366 98	-0.366 32	1.235 18	0.711 52	0.802 68	-0.512 75	1.118 73
D₂W₂	-0.365 06	1.136 37	-0.034 93	-0.034 67	-0.221 02	1.248 73	0.507 82	1.578 51	1.469 11
D₂W₃	-0.085 44	1.300 44	0.279 45	0.278 69	-0.915 98	-1.669 27	-0.966 49	-0.755 38	0.768 35
D₃W₁	0.299 04	0.671 49	0.516 13	0.517 02	1.671 48	-0.594 86	-0.720 77	-0.632 89	-1.332 88
D₃W₂	1.522 39	-1.297 4	1.212 01	1.211 25	0.537 46	0.241 47	-0.917 35	1.044 73	0.068 11
D₃W₃	1.382 58	0.315 99	1.522 87	1.523 14	-0.325 03	-1.272 47	-1.138 49	0.330 7	-0.194 54

序号 Serial number	特征值 Characteristic value	贡献率 Contribution rate（%）	累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate（%）
1	4.236	47.067	47.067
2	2.039	22.658	69.725
3	1.32	14.664	84.389
4	0.844	9.373	93.761
5	0.427	4.74	98.501
6	0.122	1.351	99.851
7	0.013	0.145	99.996
8	0	0.004	100