Effects of Active Daylighting in Solar Greenhouses on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tomatoes with Different Planting Densities

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.01.011

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of solar greenhouse under the conditions of active daylighting and ordinary daylighting to its environment and photosynthetic characteristics of tomatoes that planted in it.【Method】 In this experiment, three different planting densities were designed, which were 4 plants/m², 6 plants/m², and 8 plants/m², and tomatoes were planted into two kinds of solar greenhouses, which were active daylighting solar greenhouse and ordinary daylighting solar greenhouse. The data of solar greenhouses' environment and tomato leaves' photosynthesis characteristics were measured within three days in a row of sunny conditions.【Result】 The results showed that the temperature, humidity and daylight radiation of the active daylighting solar greenhouse were better than those in the ordinary daylighting solar greenhouse. The average daylight radiation of the active daylighting solar greenhouse was 4.39%, 5.85%, 5.67% higher than those of the ordinary daylighting solar greenhouse within three days. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato in two solar greenhouses decreased with the increase of planting densities, but the intercellular CO₂ concentration was the opposite. As for different daylighting solar greenhouses, the photosynthetic characteristics of tomato that were planted in active daylighting solar greenhouse were better than those planted in ordinary daylighting solar greenhouses.【Conclusion】 Active daylighting in solar greenhouses is superior to ordinary daylighting solar greenhouses in terms of environment and tomato photosynthetic characteristics.

Key words: tomato; solar greenhouse; active daylighting; planting density; daylight radiation; photosynthetic characteristics

摘要： 【目的】研究日光温室在主动采光与普通采光条件下,对其环境以及番茄叶片光合特性的影响。【方法】在主动采光与普通采光的2种日光温室内,设计4、6、8 株/m² 3种不同的番茄种植密度处理,连续3 d(晴天的条件)测得日光温室环境与番茄叶片光合作用的相关数据。【结果】主动采光日光温室环境温湿度、光照辐射方面优于非主动采光日光温室,主动采光日光温室的光照辐射均值较普通采光日光温室在3 d内分别高出了4.39%、5.85%、5.67%;两栋日光温室番茄的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈现随着密度的增加而减弱的现象,胞间CO₂浓度则相反;就不同采光日光温室而言,主动采光日光温室番茄的光合特性较普通采光日光温室高。【结论】日光温室主动采光在环境以及番茄光合特性方面均优越于普通采光日光温室。

关键词: 番茄, 日光温室, 主动采光, 种植密度, 光照辐射, 光合特性

CLC Number:

S641.2

Alapati Tayierjiang, JIA Kai, LIU Qianjie, ZHANG Ni, LIU Yu, GAO Jie. Effects of Active Daylighting in Solar Greenhouses on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tomatoes with Different Planting Densities[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(1): 97-103.

阿拉帕提·塔依尔江, 贾凯, 刘迁杰, 张妮, 刘玉, 高杰. 日光温室主动采光对不同种植密度番茄光合特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(1): 97-103.

References

[1]Guohong Tong, David M. Christopher, Tianlai Li, et al. Passive solar energy utilization: A review of cross-section building parameter selection for Chinese solar greenhouses [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, 26: 540-548.
[2] 魏晓明, 周长吉, 曹楠, 等. 中国日光温室结构及性能的演变 [J]. 江苏农业学报, 2012, 28 (4): 855-860.
WEI Xiaoming, ZHOU Changjie, CAO Nan, et al. Evolution of structure and performance of Chinese solar greenhouse [J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 28 (4): 855-860.
[3] 张真和. 高效节能型日光温室的开发进展及问题讨论 [J]. 中国蔬菜, 1992 ,(5): 1-3,13.
ZHANG Zhenhe. Development Progress and problem discussion of High efficiency and Energy-saving Solar greenhouse [J]. China Vegetables, 1992,(5):1-3, 13.
[4] 陈端生, 郑海山, 张建国, 等. 日光温室气象环境综合研究(三)-几种弧型采光屋面温室内直射光量的比较研究 [J]. 农业工程学报, 1992, 8 (4): 78-82.
CHEN Duansheng, ZHENG Haishan, ZHANG Jianguo, et al. A Comprehensive Research on the Meteorological Environment in Sun-light Greenhouse (Ⅲ) - A Comparative Research on the Total Amount of Direct Radiation in the Greenhouse with Different Arc Lighting Surfaces [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 1992, 8 (4):78-82.
[5]张勇,邹志荣,乔飞.一种可变倾角采光面的日光温室:中国·陕西,CN101116408[P].2008-02-06.
ZHANG Yong, ZOU Zhirong, QIAO Fei. A solar greenhouse with variable angle of daylighting roof: Shaanxi, China, CN101116408 [P]. 2008-02-06.
[6]张勇,邹志荣.一种蓄热后墙的日光温室:中国·陕西, CN102630526A[P].2012-08-15.
ZHANG Yong, ZOU Zhirong. A solar greenhouse with heat-storage back-wall: Shaanxi, China, CN102630526A [P]. 2012-08-15.
[7]张勇,邹志荣.一种主动采光及固化土自主蓄热后墙日光温室:中国·陕西,CN103416261A[P].2013-12-04.
ZHANG Yong, ZOU Zhirong. A solar greenhouse with active daylighting roof and self-heat-storage solidified soil back-wall: Shaanxi, China, CN103416261A [P]. 2013-12-04.
[8]张勇,邹志荣.高效可变采光倾角日光温室的结构及其性能研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(11):113-118,124.
ZHANG Yong, ZOU Zhirong. Structure and properties of solar-greenhouse with variable incidence angle [J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 41 (11): 113-118, 124.
[9] 张勇, 邹志荣, 李建明. 倾转屋面日光温室的采光及蓄热性能试验 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30 (1): 129-137.
ZHANG Yong, ZOU Zhirong, LI Jianming. Performance experiment on lighting and thermal storage in tilting roof solar-greenhouse [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30 (1): 129-137.
[10] 张勇, 邹志荣. 主动采光蓄热倾转屋面日光温室创新结构 [J]. 农业工程技术(温室园艺), 2014 ,(5): 44-45.
ZHANG Yong, ZOU Zhirong, Innovative structure of active Lighting and Heat Storage tilting Roof Solar greenhouse [J]. Agriculture Engineering Technology (Greenhouse Horticultore), 2014,(5):44-45.
[11] 张勇, 高文波, 邹志荣. 日光温室主动蓄热后墙传热CFD模拟及性能试验 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31 (5): 203-211.
ZHANG Yong, GAO Wenbo, ZOU Zhirong. Performance experiment and CFD simulation of heat exchange in solar greenhouse with active thermal storage back-wall [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31 (5): 203-211.
[12] 张勇, 邹志荣. 日光温室主动采光机理与透光率优化试验 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33 (11): 178-186.
ZHANG Yong, ZOU Zhirong. Optimization experiment of light transmittance and active lighting mechanism of solar greenhouse [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33 (11): 178-186.
[13] 高文波, 张勇, 邹志荣, 等. 主动采光蓄热型日光温室性能初探 [J]. 农机化研究, 2015, 37 (7): 181-186.
GAO Wen bo, ZHANG Yong, ZOU Zhirong, et al.. Preliminary Study on Performance in an Active Lighting and Heating Storage Type Solar Greenhouse [J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2015, 37 (7): 181-186.
[14] 张彩虹, 姜鲁艳, 邹平, 等. 新疆非耕地日光温室标准化设计探讨 [J]. 农业工程技术, 2017, 37 (19): 24-28.
ZHANG Caihong, JIANG Luyan, ZOU Ping, et al. Discussion on the Standardization Design of Non-cultivated Land in Xinjiang [J]. Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2017, 37 (19): 24-28.
[15] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志, 第67卷, 第1分册 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1978: 137.
Sinicae Agendae Academiae Sinicae Edita. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Volume 67, Fascicle 1 [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1978: 137.
[16] 王晨晨, 鲍恩财, 刘露, 等. 日光温室主动采光与相变蓄热改造后性能分析 [J]. 北方园艺, 2018 ,(6): 56-61.
WANG Chenchen, BAO Encai, LIU Lu, et al. Performance Analysis of Solar Greenhouse After Active Lighting and Phase Change Heat Storage Technological Transformation [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2018, (6): 56-61.
[17] 鲍恩财, 曹晏飞, 邹志荣, 等. 节能日光温室蓄热技术研究进展 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34 (6): 1-14.
BAO Encai, CAO Yanfei, ZOU Zhirong, et al. Research progress of thermal storage technology in energy-saving solar greenhouse [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34 (6): 1-14.
[18] 薛义霞, 李亚灵, 温祥珍. 空气湿度对高温下番茄光合作用及坐果率的影响 [J]. 园艺学报, 2010, 37 (3): 397-404.
XUE Yixia, LI Yaling, WEN Xiangzhen. Effects of Air Humidity on the Photosynthesis and Fruit-set of Tomato under High Temperature [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2010, 37 (3): 397-404.
[19] 查向阳, 贾凯, 阿拉帕提·塔依尔江, 等. 行距和移盆时间对土壤接力栽培装置栽培番茄光合特性和生殖指标的影响 [J]. 中国园艺文摘, 2018, 34 (2): 1-5, 21.
ZHA Xiangyang, JIA Kai, Alapati Tayierjiang, et al. Influence of row spacing and moving basin time on photosynthetic characteristics and reproductive index of tomato planted with soil relay cultivation device [J]. Chinese Horticulture Abstracts, 2018, 34 (2): 1-5, 21.
[20] 陈根云, 陈娟, 许大全. 关于净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度关系的思考 [J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2010, 46 (1): 64-66.
CHEN Genyun, CHEN Juan, XU Daquan. Thinking about the Relationship between Net Photosynthetic Rate and Intercellular CO2 Concentration [J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 2010, 46 (1): 64-66.
[21] 武兰芳, 欧阳竹. 不同种植密度下两种穗型小麦叶片光合特性的变化 [J]. 麦类作物学报, 2008, 28 (4): 618-625.
WU Lanfang, OUYANG Zhu. Photosynthesis of Two Spike-Type Cultivars of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Different Sowing Rates [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2008, 28 (4): 618-625.