根域限制栽培对库尔勒香梨光合、荧光特性及果实品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 344-350.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.011

• 园艺特产·植物保护·微生物·土壤肥料·节水灌溉 • 上一篇下一篇

根域限制栽培对库尔勒香梨光合、荧光特性及果实品质的影响

阿布来克·尼牙孜¹^,²(), 章世奎¹, 王绍鹏¹, 王亚铜¹, 樊国全¹()

1.新疆农业科学院轮台果树资源圃,新疆轮台 841600
2.新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番 838000

收稿日期:2022-04-30 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-03-31
通信作者: 樊国全
作者简介:阿布来克·尼牙孜(1984-),男,新疆吐鲁番人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向为果树种质资源与栽培,(E-mail)80114982@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项—自然科学计划(新疆少数民族科技人才特殊培养计划科研项目)“根域限制栽培对库尔勒香梨花芽分化及果实产量品质的影响研究”(2019D03010)

Effects of Root-restricted Cultivation on Photosynthesis, Fluorescence Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear

Abulaike Niyazi¹^,²(), ZHANG Shikui¹, WANG Shaopeng¹, WANG Yatong¹, FAN Guoquan¹()

1. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Luntai Fruit Tree resource nursery,Luntai Xinjiang 841600,China
2. Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Turpan Xinjiang 838000,China

Received:2022-04-30 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-03-31
Correspondence author: FAN Guoquan
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Innovation Environment (Talents, Bases) Construction Project - Natural Science Plan (Xinjiang Minority Science and Technology Talents Special Training Plan Scientific Research Project) "Effects of Root Domain Restriction Cultivation on Flower Bud Differentiation and Fruit Yield and Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear"(2019D03010)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究根域限制栽培模式对库尔勒香梨叶片光合和荧光特性及果实品质的影响,为塔里木盆地绿洲干旱盐碱区域库尔勒香梨的栽培提供理论依据和技术指导。【方法】 以8年生库尔勒香梨为试材,比较根域限制栽培模式与传统的根系互享栽培模式的叶片光合特性和果实品质差异,研究库尔勒香梨根域限制栽培模式的可行性。【结果】 2种栽培模式下,库尔勒香梨叶片的Pn日变化曲线均呈“双峰”型,存在明显的光合午休现象,根域限制栽培的库尔勒香梨叶片Pn日平均值高于传统根系互享栽培模式,Gs和Tr相对较低,不同模式间差异不显著。Ci日平均值显著低于、E_wu日平均值显著高于传统模式,对照组的Ci日均值高于限根植株,达203.93 μL/L,并且两实验组之间存在显著差异。不同栽培模式对库尔勒香梨水分利用率有较为显著的影响,限根植株的E_wu日均值达1.36 mmol/mol,两者之间存在显著差异。限根植株的Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fm、Φ_PSⅡ、C_NPQ均大于传统栽培模式。限根植株的果实品质与对照组单果重、果实硬度、可溶性固形物差异不显著,石细胞含量显著降低。【结论】 根域限制栽培模式可以提升库尔勒香梨叶片的捕光能力和净光合速率、提高水分利用率,显著降低果实石细胞含量,可以作为塔里木盆地绿洲干旱、盐碱区域库尔勒香梨栽植的新模式。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 根域限制栽培; 光合特性; 荧光特性; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effects of rhizosphere restricted cultivation mode on leaf photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics and fruit quality of Korla pear, and provide technical support for the cultivation of Korla pear in arid and salt-alkali area of tarim Basin oasis. 【Methods】 In order to explore the feasibility of 8-year korla pear, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality were compared between root zone restricted cultivation mode and traditional root sharing cultivation mode. 【Results】 Under the two cultivation modes, the diurnal variation curve of Pn of Korla pear leaves showed a "double peak" pattern, and there was an obvious photosynthetic nap phenomenon. The daily average value of Pn of Korla pear leaves under the root domain limited cultivation mode was higher than that under the traditional root sharing cultivation mode, while the Gs and Tr were relatively low, and there was no significant difference between different cultivation modes. The Ci daily average was significantly lower than the traditional model, while the Ewu daily average was significantly higher than the traditional model. Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fm, Φ_PSⅡ and C_NPQ of limited root were all higher than those of traditional cultivation. There were no significant differences in fruit quality, fruit hardness, soluble solids and stone cell content between root limiting plants and control group. 【Conclusion】 The root zone restricted cultivation mode could improve the light capture ability and net photosynthetic rate of korla pear leaves, improve water use efficiency, and significantly reduce the content of fruit stone cells. Comprehensive analysis could be used as a new cultivation mode of Korla pear in the arid and salt-alkali area of tarim Basin oasis.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear; root-limited cultivation; photosynthetic characteristics; fluorescence characteristics; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S661.2

阿布来克·尼牙孜, 章世奎, 王绍鹏, 王亚铜, 樊国全. 根域限制栽培对库尔勒香梨光合、荧光特性及果实品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2): 344-350.

Abulaike Niyazi, ZHANG Shikui, WANG Shaopeng, WANG Yatong, FAN Guoquan. Effects of Root-restricted Cultivation on Photosynthesis, Fluorescence Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2): 344-350.

图/表 4

参考文献 28

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处理 Treatment	净光合速率Pn (μmol/(m²·s))	气孔导度Gs (mol/(m²·s))	胞间CO₂ 浓度 Ci/(μL/L)	蒸腾速率Tr (mol/(m²·s))	水分利用E_wu (mmol/mol)
限根栽培 Platform root-limited culture	9.10±0.73^a	0.167±0.023^a	187.47±15.60^b	7.23±0.92^a	1.36±0.25^a
传统栽培 Traditional cultivation	8.19±0.64^a	0.170±0.013^a	203.93±8.41^a	8.14±0.70^a	1.07±0.14^b

处理 Treatment	净光合速率Pn (μmol/(m²·s))	气孔导度Gs (mol/(m²·s))	胞间CO₂ 浓度 Ci/(μL/L)	蒸腾速率Tr (mol/(m²·s))	水分利用E_wu (mmol/mol)
限根栽培 Platform root-limited culture	9.10±0.73^a	0.167±0.023^a	187.47±15.60^b	7.23±0.92^a	1.36±0.25^a
传统栽培 Traditional cultivation	8.19±0.64^a	0.170±0.013^a	203.93±8.41^a	8.14±0.70^a	1.07±0.14^b

处理 Treatment	限根栽培 Platform root-limited culture	传统栽培 Traditional cultivation
初始荧光Fo	46.32±5.83^a	46.99±5.89^a
最大荧光Fm	374.18±31.17^a	409.46±46.10^a
PSⅡ最大光能转化效率 Fv/Fm	0.85±0.48^a	0.88±0.19^a
PSⅡ潜在光化学活性 Fv/Fm	7.06±0.45^b	7.82±0.76^a
PSⅡ实际光化学效率 Φ_PSⅡ	0.68±0.07^b	0.75±0.05^a
光化学猝灭系 C_qp	0.87±0.05^a	0.92±0.04^a
非光化学猝灭系数 C_NPQ	0.78±0.18^a	0.67±0.19^b
表观光合电子传递效率R_ET	2.71±0.47^a	3.15±0.55^a

处理 Treatment	限根栽培 Platform root-limited culture	传统栽培 Traditional cultivation
初始荧光Fo	46.32±5.83^a	46.99±5.89^a
最大荧光Fm	374.18±31.17^a	409.46±46.10^a
PSⅡ最大光能转化效率 Fv/Fm	0.85±0.48^a	0.88±0.19^a
PSⅡ潜在光化学活性 Fv/Fm	7.06±0.45^b	7.82±0.76^a
PSⅡ实际光化学效率 Φ_PSⅡ	0.68±0.07^b	0.75±0.05^a
光化学猝灭系 C_qp	0.87±0.05^a	0.92±0.04^a
非光化学猝灭系数 C_NPQ	0.78±0.18^a	0.67±0.19^b
表观光合电子传递效率R_ET	2.71±0.47^a	3.15±0.55^a

处理 Treatment	限根栽培 Platform root-limited culture	传统栽培 Traditional cultivation
果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter(mm)	76.2±6.9^a	83.3±12.1^a
果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter(mm)	60.3±3.5^a	64.0±4.1^a
果心横径 Core diameter(mm)	31.4±2.8^a	25.8±3.0^b
果形指数 Fruit shape index	1.26±0.09^b	1.31±0.22^a
心果比 Heart fruit ratio	0.52±0.04^a	0.40±0.03^b
果梗长 Fruit stalk length(mm)	40.7±7.0^a	32.5±5.8^a
果梗粗 Fruit peduncle thickness(mm)	5.8±1.5^b	8.4±3.3^a
阳面硬度 Surface hardness(kg/cm²)	6.8±1.0^a	7.0±1.1^a
阴面硬度 Shade hardness(kg/cm²)	6.8±0.8^a	7.1±1.2^a
单果重 Fruit weight(g)	144.7±20.7^a	153.4±32.6^a
可溶性固形物 Soluble solids(%)	13.74±0.72^a	13.15±0.57^a
总糖 Total sugar(g/kg)	5.82±0.69^b	5.99±0.16^a
可滴定酸 Titratable acid(g/kg)	2.22±0.69^a	1.69±0.34^b
维生素C Vitamin C(mg/100g)	9.30±1.10^b	9.50±0.53^a
石细胞 Sclerotic cell(%)	0.16±0.10^b	0.21±0.05^a

根域限制栽培对库尔勒香梨光合、荧光特性及果实品质的影响

Effects of Root-restricted Cultivation on Photosynthesis, Fluorescence Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear

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