新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3): 675-682.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.018
• 植物保护·设施农业·农产品加工工程·微生物 • 上一篇 下一篇
收稿日期:
2022-07-29
出版日期:
2023-03-20
发布日期:
2023-04-18
通信作者:
张国强(1986-),男,河北人,副教授,研究方向为生物源农药,(E-mail)gqzhang@shzu.edu.cn
作者简介:
白江(1997-),男,新疆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农药学、植物细菌性病害,(E-mail)2419794848@qq.com
基金资助:
BAI Jiang1(), ZHU Haihan2, ZHANG Guoqiang1
Received:
2022-07-29
Online:
2023-03-20
Published:
2023-04-18
Correspondence author:
ZHANG Guoqiang(1986-), male, born in Hebei province, associate professor. Research area:biological pesticides,(E-mail)Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】筛选出防治梨火疫病化学药剂和防治适期,为该病害的防控提供依据。【方法】选择14种市售药剂进行田间药效试验,采用常量喷雾方法进行化学防治药剂筛选,分析不同时期施药最佳防治时期,运用定向涂抹法防治发病严重部位。【结果】铜制剂对梨火疫病的防效相对较优于农用抗生素,其中氢氧化铜、噻菌铜和松脂酸铜的防效分别为96.2%、68.5%和66.7%;香梨初花期施药的防治效果显著优于盛花期和果实膨大期,且铜制剂的防效高于其它药剂,其中初花期施用氢氧化铜对梨火疫病的防效可达96.2%;针对已发病的梨树枝干,可使用植物杂源多酚进行涂抹防治,病斑抑制率达到了92.1%。【结论】初花期可喷施铜制剂进行保护,有效阻止病原菌入侵;盛花期可使用非铜制剂进行防治,避免产生药害;果实膨大期可使用植物杂源多酚或噻霉酮涂抹剂定向涂抹。
中图分类号:
白江, 朱海涵, 张国强. 库尔勒地区梨火疫病防治药剂筛选及防治适期分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 675-682.
BAI Jiang, ZHU Haihan, ZHANG Guoqiang. Preliminary Screening of Control Agents and Exploration of Optimum Fire Blight Control Period in Korla[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 675-682.
地区 Area | 农户自防药剂 Types of farmers’ fungicide used | 该地区发病率 Incidence in the region (%) | 杀菌剂平均 使用频率(次) Frequency of fungicide used (times) |
---|---|---|---|
库尔勒市 Korla | 噻霉酮、农用链霉素、嘧菌酯、苯醚·甲环唑、氯溴异氰尿酸、 氢氧化铜、中生菌素、哈茨木霉 | 20 | 4.5 |
阿瓦提乡 Awati village | 植物杂源多酚、噻菌铜、枯草芽孢杆菌、氢氧化铜、波尔多液、宁南霉素 | 37 | 5.2 |
哈拉玉宫 Halayugong | 氢氧化铜、噻霉酮、春雷霉素、寡雄腐霉、噻菌酮、松脂酸铜、乙蒜素 | 54 | 5.5 |
28、29团 28、29 corps | 中生菌素、氢氧化铜、石硫合剂、波尔多液、噻菌铜、植物杂源多酚 | 61 | 6.4 |
表1 药剂统计
Tab.1 Types of fungicide used result
地区 Area | 农户自防药剂 Types of farmers’ fungicide used | 该地区发病率 Incidence in the region (%) | 杀菌剂平均 使用频率(次) Frequency of fungicide used (times) |
---|---|---|---|
库尔勒市 Korla | 噻霉酮、农用链霉素、嘧菌酯、苯醚·甲环唑、氯溴异氰尿酸、 氢氧化铜、中生菌素、哈茨木霉 | 20 | 4.5 |
阿瓦提乡 Awati village | 植物杂源多酚、噻菌铜、枯草芽孢杆菌、氢氧化铜、波尔多液、宁南霉素 | 37 | 5.2 |
哈拉玉宫 Halayugong | 氢氧化铜、噻霉酮、春雷霉素、寡雄腐霉、噻菌酮、松脂酸铜、乙蒜素 | 54 | 5.5 |
28、29团 28、29 corps | 中生菌素、氢氧化铜、石硫合剂、波尔多液、噻菌铜、植物杂源多酚 | 61 | 6.4 |
杀菌剂 Fungicide | 有效成分用量 Effective content | 病情指数 Disease index | 防治效果 Control effect(%) |
---|---|---|---|
20%噻菌铜悬浮剂20%thiodiazole copper SC | 400 mg/kg | 0.83 | 68.5abc |
80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂80%bordeaux mixture WP | 1 600 mg/kg | 1.1 | 58abcd |
46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂46%opper hydroxide WG | 332.2 mg/kg | 0.093 | 96.2a |
12%松脂酸铜乳油12%copper abietate EC | 300 mg/kg | 0.88 | 66.7abc |
2%春雷霉素水剂2%kasugamycin AS | 33.3 mg/kg | 0.6 | 77.3ab |
8%宁南霉素水剂8%ningnanmycin AS | 40 mg/kg | 1 | 54.5abcd |
3% 中生菌素可溶液剂3% zhongshengmycin SL | 40.3 mg/kg | 1.48 | 44bcd |
80%乙蒜素乳油80%ethylicin EC | 1 000 mg/kg | 2.31 | 12.5de |
1%香菇多糖水剂1%lentinan AS | 14.7 mg/kg | 1.71 | 35.2bcd |
5%氨基寡糖素水剂5% oligosaccharins AS | 1.25 mg/kg | 2.31 | 12.5de |
10×108/g哈茨木霉可湿性粉剂 1 billion/g trichoderma harzianum WP | 16.7×108/kg | 1.39 | 47.3abcd |
1000×108/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂 100 billion /g bacillus subtilis WP | 1 200×108/kg | 2.13 | 19.3cde |
21%过氧乙酸水剂21%peroxyacetic acid AS | 0.504 mL/kg | 3.1 | -17.4e |
50%氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂 50% chlorobromoisocy anuric acid SP | 275 mg/kg | 1.71 | 35.2bcd |
清水对照 CK | - | 2.64 | - |
表2 14种药剂对梨火疫病的田间防治
Tab.2 Control effect 14 fungicide to Pear fire blight in the fields
杀菌剂 Fungicide | 有效成分用量 Effective content | 病情指数 Disease index | 防治效果 Control effect(%) |
---|---|---|---|
20%噻菌铜悬浮剂20%thiodiazole copper SC | 400 mg/kg | 0.83 | 68.5abc |
80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂80%bordeaux mixture WP | 1 600 mg/kg | 1.1 | 58abcd |
46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂46%opper hydroxide WG | 332.2 mg/kg | 0.093 | 96.2a |
12%松脂酸铜乳油12%copper abietate EC | 300 mg/kg | 0.88 | 66.7abc |
2%春雷霉素水剂2%kasugamycin AS | 33.3 mg/kg | 0.6 | 77.3ab |
8%宁南霉素水剂8%ningnanmycin AS | 40 mg/kg | 1 | 54.5abcd |
3% 中生菌素可溶液剂3% zhongshengmycin SL | 40.3 mg/kg | 1.48 | 44bcd |
80%乙蒜素乳油80%ethylicin EC | 1 000 mg/kg | 2.31 | 12.5de |
1%香菇多糖水剂1%lentinan AS | 14.7 mg/kg | 1.71 | 35.2bcd |
5%氨基寡糖素水剂5% oligosaccharins AS | 1.25 mg/kg | 2.31 | 12.5de |
10×108/g哈茨木霉可湿性粉剂 1 billion/g trichoderma harzianum WP | 16.7×108/kg | 1.39 | 47.3abcd |
1000×108/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂 100 billion /g bacillus subtilis WP | 1 200×108/kg | 2.13 | 19.3cde |
21%过氧乙酸水剂21%peroxyacetic acid AS | 0.504 mL/kg | 3.1 | -17.4e |
50%氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂 50% chlorobromoisocy anuric acid SP | 275 mg/kg | 1.71 | 35.2bcd |
清水对照 CK | - | 2.64 | - |
图2 波尔多液对梨花的药害 注:A:喷施波尔多液后的梨花;B:正常梨花
Fig.2 Phytotoxicity of Bordeaux mixture on pear flowers Note:A: Pear Flowers after Spraying Bordeaux mixture; B: Normal pear flowers
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