库尔勒香梨果实生育期品质变化规律

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.014

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 377-384.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.02.014

• 园艺特产·林业·土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

库尔勒香梨果实生育期品质变化规律

郭航¹^,²(), 张瑞¹^,², 王智², 乔坤云², 闫娜娜², 赵多勇²()

1.新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所/农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(乌鲁木齐)/新疆农产品质量安全重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-01-15 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-03-22
通信作者: 赵多勇
作者简介:郭航(1995-),男,河南南阳人,硕士,研究方向为食品加工与安全,(E-mail) guohang187@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31960504);新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2019D04013)

Study on the Regularity of the Quality Change of Korla Fragrant Pear during the Growth Period

GUO Hang¹^,²(), ZHANG Rui¹^,², WANG Zhi², QIAO Kunyun², YAN Nana², ZHAO Duoyong²()

1. College of Food Sciences and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), MOARA / Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Agro-Products Quality and Safety/Research Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards & Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2021-01-15 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-03-22
Correspondence author: ZHAO Duoyong
Supported by:
Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960504);Open Project for the Key Laboratories of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2019D04013)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 比较新疆库尔勒市、阿克苏市和甘肃酒泉市3个地区库尔勒香梨果实生育期糖酸含量的差异,研究果实生育期的品质变化规律,为香梨的品质调控和合理采收提供参考依据。【方法】 采集花后100~150 d(2次膨大期和成熟期)的库尔勒香梨果实,采用直接滴定法,测定还原糖和总酸含量,高效液相色谱法测定果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖3种糖和苹果酸、丁二酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、富马酸5种有机酸的含量,并分析其随果实生长变化规律。【结果】 随着果实不断的生长成熟,还原糖、果糖、葡萄糖呈逐渐增长趋势,库尔勒市和阿克苏市的香梨在花后140 d(酒泉为150 d),果糖含量达到最大值;库尔勒市的香梨在花后120 d(阿克苏和酒泉为130 d),葡萄糖含量达到最大值;苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸等主要有机酸呈逐渐下降趋势,库尔勒市和阿克苏市的香梨在花后140 d(酒泉为150 d)时苹果酸和酒石酸含量达到最小值;糖酸比由花后100 d时的29增至140 d的57。成熟库尔勒香梨果实中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖的含量分别为51.1、51.0、0.83 mg/g;苹果酸、柠檬酸、丁二酸、酒石酸、富马酸的含量分别为0.68、0.20、0.17、0.15和0.04 mg/g。【结论】 库尔勒香梨3种糖中,果糖和葡萄糖含量较高,两者占3种糖含量的99%。有机酸主要以苹果酸、柠檬酸、丁二酸和酒石酸为主,四者占5种有机酸含量的97%。花后140 d香梨糖酸比达到最佳比例,新疆库尔勒市和阿克苏市的香梨采收时间在花后140 d,甘肃酒泉市的香梨在花后150 d。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 生育期; 品质; 果糖; 有机酸

Abstract:

【Objective】 To compare the differences in the sugar and acid content of Korla fragrant pears during the growth period of the three regions: KorlaAksu, Xinjiang and Jiuquan, Gansu, and explore the quality changes of the fruit during the growth period so as to provide references for quality control and reasonable harvest of fragrant pears. 【Method】 Korla fragrant pear fruits 100-150 d after flowering (secondary expansion and maturity) were collected, and direct titration was used to determine reducing sugar and total acid content, and high performance liquid chromatography to determine fructose, glucose and sucrose, and the contents of five organic acids: malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and fumaric acid, and finally their changes with fruit growth were explored. 【Results】 As the fruits continued to grow and mature, reducing sugar, fructose, and glucose showed a gradual increase trend.The fragrant pears in Korla and Aksu reached the maximum value of fructose at 140 d after flowering (150 d in Jiuquan); The glucose content of pears reached the maximum 120 d after flowering (130 d in Aksu and Jiuquan); the main organic acids such as malic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid showed a gradual decline, and the content of malic acid and tartaric acid reached the minimum 140 d after flowering (150 d in Jiuquan); the sugar-acid ratio increased from 29 at 100 days after flowering to 57 at 140 days.The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in ripe Korla fragrant pear fruits were 51.1, 51.0 and 0.83 mg/g; the contents of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, and fumaric acid were 0.68, 0.20, 0.17, 0.15 and 0.04 mg/g, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The sugars in fragrant pear fruits are mainly fructose and glucose, which account for 99% of the three sugars.Organic acids are mainly malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid, the four of which account for 97% of the five organic acids.The ratio of sugar to acid reached the best ratio 140 days after flowering.It is recommended that the fragrant pears in Korla and Aksu should be harvested 140 days after flowering, and the fragrant pears in Jiuquan CityGansu should be harvested 150 days after flowering.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear; growth period; quality; fructose; organic acid

中图分类号:

郭航, 张瑞, 王智, 乔坤云, 闫娜娜, 赵多勇. 库尔勒香梨果实生育期品质变化规律[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(2): 377-384.

GUO Hang, ZHANG Rui, WANG Zhi, QIAO Kunyun, YAN Nana, ZHAO Duoyong. Study on the Regularity of the Quality Change of Korla Fragrant Pear during the Growth Period[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(2): 377-384.

图/表 5

表1 采样地点及经纬度

Table 1 Sampling location and latitude and longitude

序号Num	采样地点Sampling location	经度Longitude	纬度Latitude	海拔Altitude(m)
1	新疆库尔勒市阿瓦提乡克拉亚尕其村	86°01'74″	41°63'72″	908
2	新疆阿克苏市依干其乡2大队	80°20'47″	41°18'87″	1 050
3	甘肃省酒泉市肃州区酒泉市林科所	98°50'35″	39°77'78″	1 360

图1 库尔勒香梨成熟果实主要糖类组成

Fig.1 Main sugar composition of ripe fruit of Korla fragrant pear

图2 库尔勒香梨果实生育期糖类含量变化

Fig.2 Changes in sugar content of Korla fragrant pear fruits during the growth period

图3 库尔勒香梨成熟果实主要有机酸组成

Fig.3 Main organic acid composition of ripe fruit of Korla fragrant pear

图4 库尔勒香梨果实生育期酸类含量变化

Fig.4 Changes in the acid content of Korla fragrant pear fruits during the growth period

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库尔勒香梨果实生育期品质变化规律

Study on the Regularity of the Quality Change of Korla Fragrant Pear during the Growth Period

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