枸溶性钙镁肥对加工番茄钙、镁吸收及品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.020

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 1987-1995.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.020

枸溶性钙镁肥对加工番茄钙、镁吸收及品质的影响

蒲敏¹(), 阮向阳¹, 肖乐乐¹, 索常凯¹, 陈国永¹, 冶军¹(), 高波²

1.石河子大学农学院资环系,新疆石河子 832003
2.沃达农业科技股份有限公司,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2022-10-30 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-14
通信作者: 冶军(1974-),男,教授,研究方向为新型肥料与现代施肥,(E-mail)yejun.shz@163.com
作者简介:蒲敏(1998-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为新型肥料与现代施肥,(E-mail)pumin2020@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目“滴灌条件下作物水肥资源高效利用与农田肥力提升研究与示范”(2012BAD42B02)

Effect of citric acid soluble calcium magnesium fertilizer on calcium and magnesium absorption and quality of processing tomato

PU Min¹(), RUAN Xiangyang¹, XIAO Lele¹, SUO Changkai¹, CHEN Guoyong¹, YE Jun¹(), GAO Bo²

1. Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences,College of Agronomy, Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China
2. Voda Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2022-10-30 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-14
Correspondence author: YE Jun (1974-), male, professor, research direction: new fertilizer and modern fertilization technology,(E-mail)yejun.shz@163.com
Supported by:
National Science and Technology Support Program "Research and Demonstration of Efficient Utilization of Crop Water and Fertilizer Resources and Improvement of Farmland Fertility under Drip Irrigation"(2012BAD42B02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究枸溶性钙镁肥对加工番茄果实钙、镁吸收及品质的影响,为石灰性土壤条件下枸溶性钙镁肥的施用提供理论依据。【方法】以加工番茄为材料,不施钙镁肥为对照(CK), 设3个钙镁肥用量:450 kg/hm²(C₄₅₀)、900 kg/hm²(C₉₀₀)、1 800 kg/hm²(C_{1 800})。测定果实的钙、镁含量、品质及脐腐病发生率,并对品质进行综合评价。【结果】施用枸溶性钙镁肥可显著促进果实对钙、镁元素的吸收,并提高吸收速率,降低脐腐病发生率。与对照相比,不同用量枸溶性钙镁肥均可提高单果重、颜色指数、果肉厚度、可溶性糖、VC含量并达到显著水平,硝酸盐含量显著降低。C_{1 800}处理下果实的糖酸比、果肉厚度、VC含量最高,分别比CK高55.01%、29.51%、18.86%,硝酸盐含量最低,脐腐病发生率分别比CK、C₄₅₀、C₉₀₀处理减少了37.43%、19.11%、8.63%。【结论】在石灰性土壤中施用枸溶性钙镁肥可显著促进果实对钙、镁的吸收,降低脐腐病发生率,提高加工番茄品质,以施用量为1 800 kg/hm²的效果最优。

关键词: 石灰性土壤; 加工番茄; 枸溶性钙镁肥; 脐腐病; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer on calcium and magnesium absorption and quality of processing tomato fruit, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer under calcareous soil conditions.【Methods】 With processing tomato as experimental material and no calcium and magnesium fertilizer as control (CK), three calcium and magnesium fertilizer dosage were set: 450 kg/hm² (C₄₅₀), 900 kg/hm² (C₉₀₀), 1,800 kg/hm²(C_1,800).After that, the content of calcium and magnesium, quality and the incidence of umbilical rot were determined, and the quality was evaluated comprehensively.【Results】 The application of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer could significantly promote the absorption of calcium and magnesium in fruits, increase the absorption rate and reduce the incidence of umbilical rot.Compared with the control, different ratios of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer could significantly increase the weight of single fruit, color index, pulp thickness, soluble sugar and VC content, and significantly reduce the content of nitrate.When the sugar acid ratio of fruits were under C_1,800 treatment, pulp thickness and VC content reached the highest, which were 55.01%, 29.51% and 18.86% higher than those of CK, respectively, and the nitrate content was the lowest.The incidence of umbilical rot was 37.43%, 19.11% and 8.63% lower than those of CK, C₄₅₀ and C₉₀₀, respectively.【Conclusion】 The application of citric acid soluble calcium and magnesium fertilizer in calcareous soil can significantly promote the absorption of calcium and magnesium by fruits, thus reducing the incidence of umbilical rot and improving the quality of processing tomato.To sum up, the effect of applying 1,800 kg/hm² is the best.

Key words: calcareous soil; processing tomato; citric acid soluble calcium magnesium fertilizer; umbilical rot; quality

中图分类号:

S641.2

蒲敏, 阮向阳, 肖乐乐, 索常凯, 陈国永, 冶军, 高波. 枸溶性钙镁肥对加工番茄钙、镁吸收及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1987-1995.

PU Min, RUAN Xiangyang, XIAO Lele, SUO Changkai, CHEN Guoyong, YE Jun, GAO Bo. Effect of citric acid soluble calcium magnesium fertilizer on calcium and magnesium absorption and quality of processing tomato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1987-1995.

图/表 11

参考文献 32

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生育期(天数) Growth period (days)	处理 Treat- ment	吸收速率 Absorption rate (kg/(hm²·d))		吸收比例 Absorption ratio Ca∶Mg
生育期(天数) Growth period (days)	处理 Treat- ment	Ca	Mg	吸收比例 Absorption ratio Ca∶Mg
开花期-坐果初期 Flowering stage - Early fruiting stage (30 d)	CK	0.130^c	0.024^c	5.3∶1
	C₄₅₀	0.142^c	0.028^bc	5.0∶1
	C₉₀₀	0.168^b	0.035^b	4.9∶1
	C_{1 800}	0.193^a	0.040^a	4.8∶1
坐果初期-坐果后期 Early fruiting stage - Late fruiting stage (28 d)	CK	0.144^d	0.037^b	3.9∶1
	C₄₅₀	0.172^c	0.036^b	4.8∶1
	C₉₀₀	0.210^b	0.056^a	3.8∶1
	C_{1 800}	0.215^a	0.061^a	3.5∶1
坐果后期-成熟期 Late fruiting stage - mature stage (40 d)	CK	0.118^c	0.040^c	3.0∶1
	C₄₅₀	0.139^b	0.051^b	2.7∶1
	C₉₀₀	0.143^b	0.058^a	2.5∶1
	C_{1 800}	0.162^a	0.059^a	2.7∶1

生育期(天数) Growth period (days)	处理 Treat- ment	吸收速率 Absorption rate (kg/(hm²·d))		吸收比例 Absorption ratio Ca∶Mg
生育期(天数) Growth period (days)	处理 Treat- ment	Ca	Mg	吸收比例 Absorption ratio Ca∶Mg
开花期-坐果初期 Flowering stage - Early fruiting stage (30 d)	CK	0.130^c	0.024^c	5.3∶1
	C₄₅₀	0.142^c	0.028^bc	5.0∶1
	C₉₀₀	0.168^b	0.035^b	4.9∶1
	C_{1 800}	0.193^a	0.040^a	4.8∶1
坐果初期-坐果后期 Early fruiting stage - Late fruiting stage (28 d)	CK	0.144^d	0.037^b	3.9∶1
	C₄₅₀	0.172^c	0.036^b	4.8∶1
	C₉₀₀	0.210^b	0.056^a	3.8∶1
	C_{1 800}	0.215^a	0.061^a	3.5∶1
坐果后期-成熟期 Late fruiting stage - mature stage (40 d)	CK	0.118^c	0.040^c	3.0∶1
	C₄₅₀	0.139^b	0.051^b	2.7∶1
	C₉₀₀	0.143^b	0.058^a	2.5∶1
	C_{1 800}	0.162^a	0.059^a	2.7∶1

处理 Treat- ment	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	横径×纵径 Transverse diameter× vertical diameter (cm×cm)	颜色指数 (CI) Color index	心室数 (个) Number of ventr icular
CK	40.22^b	1.40^a	25.68^b	33.95^b	2^b
C₄₅₀	49.07^a	1.38^a	29.67^a	35.29^ab	3^a
C₉₀₀	48.48^a	1.41^a	29.42^a	36.82^a	3^a
C_{1 800}	47.16^a	1.31^b	26.02^b	36.85^a	3^a

处理 Treat- ment	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	横径×纵径 Transverse diameter× vertical diameter (cm×cm)	颜色指数 (CI) Color index	心室数 (个) Number of ventr icular
CK	40.22^b	1.40^a	25.68^b	33.95^b	2^b
C₄₅₀	49.07^a	1.38^a	29.67^a	35.29^ab	3^a
C₉₀₀	48.48^a	1.41^a	29.42^a	36.82^a	3^a
C_{1 800}	47.16^a	1.31^b	26.02^b	36.85^a	3^a

处理 Treat- ment	硬度 Hardness (kg/cm²)	可溶性固形 Soluble solids (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	可滴定酸 Titra table acid (%)	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio	果肉厚度 Pulp thich ness (cm)
CK	1.12^a	4.07^a	1.50^c	0.32^b	4.69^b	0.61^c
C₄₅₀	1.16^a	4.33^a	1.57^c	0.38^a	4.16^b	0.72^b
C₉₀₀	1.13^a	4.07^a	1.88^b	0.37^a	5.07^b	0.73^b
C_{1 800}	1.13^a	4.37^a	2.43^a	0.33^b	7.27^a	0.79^a

枸溶性钙镁肥对加工番茄钙、镁吸收及品质的影响

Effect of citric acid soluble calcium magnesium fertilizer on calcium and magnesium absorption and quality of processing tomato

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Metrics

处理 Treat- ment	VC Vitamin C (mg/100g)	番茄红素 Lycopene (mg/kg)	硝酸盐 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)
CK	20.73^b	15.51^ab	160.66^a
C₄₅₀	18.73^c	13.81^b	120.12^b
C₉₀₀	19.70^bc	17.53^a	114.36^b
C_{1 800}	24.64^a	17.51^a	93.63^c

指标 Index	主成分(Component)
指标 Index	1	2	3	4
单果重 Single fruit weight	-0.005	0.98	-0.097	-0.033
横径×纵径 Transverse diameter ×vertical diameter	-0.497	0.617	0.422	-0.006
果形指数 Fruit shape index	-0.724	-0.355	0.079	0.506
硝酸盐 Nitrate nitrogen	-0.572	-0.592	-0.101	-0.459
VC	0.958	-0.14	0.155	-0.02
可滴定酸 Titratable acid	0.889	0.303	0.102	0.26
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.887	0.272	0.015	0.292
糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio	0.93	0.031	0.029	0.237
番茄红素 Lycopene	0.538	-0.017	-0.54	0.47
硬度 Hardness	0.005	0.004	0.893	0.042
可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	0.37	0.189	0.835	-0.075
颜色指数 Color index	0.212	0.343	-0.041	0.785
心室数 Number of ventricular	0.197	0.9	0.127	0.325
果肉厚度 Pulp thickness	0.484	0.73	0.239	0.173

处理 Treatment	主成分Principal component				综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Ranking
处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Ranking
CK	-3.028	-1.873	0.626	-0.576	-1.745	4
C₄₅₀	-0.797	1.985	0.304	-0.470	0.055	2
C₉₀₀	0.198	0.743	-1.294	-0.255	0.046	3
C_{1 800}	3.620	-0.852	0.354	1.303	1.640	1

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主成分 Principle component	特征值 Eigen value	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate(%)
1	6.38	45.58	45.58
2	2.94	20.98	66.56
3	2.01	14.37	80.93
4	1.11	7.92	88.85

主成分 Principle component	特征值 Eigen value	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate(%)
1	6.38	45.58	45.58
2	2.94	20.98	66.56
3	2.01	14.37	80.93
4	1.11	7.92	88.85