刻芽和拉枝对库尔勒香梨生长发育的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究省力密植栽培模式下库尔勒香梨幼树适宜的刻芽和拉枝方法。【方法】试验以3年生库尔勒香梨为试材,研究不同刻芽和拉枝处理对萌芽、枝条以及叶片生长的影响。【结果】刻芽显著增加了萌芽率,刻芽处理后萌芽率均在80%~97%,长枝比例升高,萌芽期刻伤枝周2/3以上成花率高。拉枝90°叶片的长、宽、叶面积、百叶鲜重和叶绿素SPAD值最大,6月23日拉枝的成花率最高,其中拉枝90°成花率最高可达15.48%。拉枝后叶片的净光合速率升高,胞间CO₂浓度降低,6月23日拉枝90°的叶片净光合速率最高为9.55 μmol/(m²·s),拉枝90°叶片的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率也高于其他处理。【结论】库尔勒香梨幼树应选择在萌芽期进行刻芽,刻伤长度为枝周的2/3;省力密植栽培模式下库尔勒香梨幼树以6月23日拉枝90°效果最佳。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 刻芽; 拉枝; 生长; 发育

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the suitable methods of bud-notching and branch-bending of Korla fragrant pear young trees under the labor-saving and dense planting mode.【Method】 3-year-old Korla fragrant pear was taken as test material in the experiments to study the effects of different bud-notching and branch-bending treatments on germination, branch and leaf growth. 【Result】 The results showed that bud-notching increased the germination rate. After bud-notching, the germination rate was between 80% and 97%, the proportion of long branches increased, and the flower formation rate was higher than 2/3 of the circumference of the cut branches during germination. The leaf length and width, leaf area, fresh weight of louver and chlorophyll SPAD value of the 90-degree-of-branch-pulling leaves were the highest, and the highest flowering rate of the 90-degree-of-branch-pulling leaves was 15.48% on June 23rd. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased and the intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased after branch pulling. On June 23rd, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves with 90 degree branch pulling reached the highest value of 9.55 μmol/(m²·s), and the transpiration rate and water use efficiency of leaves with 90 degree branch pulling were also higher than those of other treatments. 【Conclusion】 According to comprehensive analysis, Korla fragrant pear young trees should be carved at the germination stage, and the length of carved injury is 2/3 of the circumference of branches; Under the labor-saving and dense planting mode, the best effect is to pull branches 90 on June 23rd.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear; bud-notching; branch-bending; growth; development

中图分类号:

S661.2

丁想, 周伟权, 麦合木提·图如普, 牛莹莹, 樊国全, 廖康. 刻芽和拉枝对库尔勒香梨生长发育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2084-2093.

DING Xiang, ZHOU Weiquan, Maihemuti Turupu, NIU Yingying, FAN Guoquan, LIAO Kang. Effects of Bud-notching and Branch-bending on Growth and Development of Korla Fragrant Pear[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2084-2093.

图/表 6

参考文献 27

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时期 Period	处理 Treatment	萌芽率 Germination rate(%)	短枝率 Short shoot rate(%)	中枝率 Medium shoot rate(%)	长枝率 Long shoot rate(%)	成枝率 Sprout rate(%)	成花率 Flowering rate(%)
	CK	78.76±1.66^d	7.51±0.51^ab	20.66±1.22^a	71.82±0.84^d	58.48±1.71^d	0.93±0.07^f
萌芽前 Before germination	1/3刻芽	87.72±1.50^c	1.97±0.99^e	16.70±1.81^abcd	81.33±2.53^abc	69.30±2.29^ab	5.71±0.57^ab
	2/3刻芽	96.99±1.54^a	4.74±0.82^bcd	17.65±0.85^abc	77.61±1.73^cd	68.89±2.09^ab	3.65±0.62^cd
	环割	91.98±1.17^bc	2.22±1.05^de	11.17±0.71^de	86.61±1.51^a	73.69±1.64^a	1.64±0.43^ef
萌芽期 In germination	1/3刻芽	89.97±1.15^bc	6.19±1.15^abc	9.13±0.75^e	84.68±1.08^ab	73.51±1.51^a	3.03±0.54^de
	2/3刻芽	93.96±2.09^ab	7.86±0.93^a	18.63±1.63^ab	73.51±2.50^d	65.34±1.77^bc	7.51±0.88^a
	环割	80.45±1.33^d	5.68±0.83^abc	13.93±2.16^bcde	80.39±1.85^abc	61.29±1.40^cd	7.35±0.71^a
萌芽后 After germination	1/3刻芽	88.96±1.78^c	4.02±0.36^cde	12.02±3.19^cde	83.96±3.40^ab	73.83±2.42^a	5.39±0.69^bc
	2/3刻芽	90.06±1.04^bc	6.68±0.92^abc	15.31±1.35^abcd	78.00±1.97^abc	67.73±1.64^b	1.57±0.56^ef
	环割	89.69±0.49^bc	6.42±0.65^abc	14.66±2.01^bcde	79.22±1.92^bcd	66.54±1.02^bc	4.45±0.49^bcd

时期 Period	处理 Treatment	萌芽率 Germination rate(%)	短枝率 Short shoot rate(%)	中枝率 Medium shoot rate(%)	长枝率 Long shoot rate(%)	成枝率 Sprout rate(%)	成花率 Flowering rate(%)
	CK	78.76±1.66^d	7.51±0.51^ab	20.66±1.22^a	71.82±0.84^d	58.48±1.71^d	0.93±0.07^f
萌芽前 Before germination	1/3刻芽	87.72±1.50^c	1.97±0.99^e	16.70±1.81^abcd	81.33±2.53^abc	69.30±2.29^ab	5.71±0.57^ab
	2/3刻芽	96.99±1.54^a	4.74±0.82^bcd	17.65±0.85^abc	77.61±1.73^cd	68.89±2.09^ab	3.65±0.62^cd
	环割	91.98±1.17^bc	2.22±1.05^de	11.17±0.71^de	86.61±1.51^a	73.69±1.64^a	1.64±0.43^ef
萌芽期 In germination	1/3刻芽	89.97±1.15^bc	6.19±1.15^abc	9.13±0.75^e	84.68±1.08^ab	73.51±1.51^a	3.03±0.54^de
	2/3刻芽	93.96±2.09^ab	7.86±0.93^a	18.63±1.63^ab	73.51±2.50^d	65.34±1.77^bc	7.51±0.88^a
	环割	80.45±1.33^d	5.68±0.83^abc	13.93±2.16^bcde	80.39±1.85^abc	61.29±1.40^cd	7.35±0.71^a
萌芽后 After germination	1/3刻芽	88.96±1.78^c	4.02±0.36^cde	12.02±3.19^cde	83.96±3.40^ab	73.83±2.42^a	5.39±0.69^bc
	2/3刻芽	90.06±1.04^bc	6.68±0.92^abc	15.31±1.35^abcd	78.00±1.97^abc	67.73±1.64^b	1.57±0.56^ef
	环割	89.69±0.49^bc	6.42±0.65^abc	14.66±2.01^bcde	79.22±1.92^bcd	66.54±1.02^bc	4.45±0.49^bcd

时期 Period	处理 Treatment	新梢长度 New shoot length(cm)		枝长增量 Branches length incremental (cm)	新梢粗度 Thickness of new(mm)		枝粗增量 Branches thick incremental (mm)
时期 Period	处理 Treatment	6月10日 June 10th	7月15日 July 15th	枝长增量 Branches length incremental (cm)	6月10日 June 10th	7月15日 July 15th	枝粗增量 Branches thick incremental (mm)
	CK	34.22±1.99^d	38.82±2.08^c	4.60±0.32^cd	5.24±0.59^b	6.98±0.14^c	1.74±0.09^abc
萌芽前 Before germination	1/3刻芽	40.17±0.21^abc	45.32±1.69^ab	5.15±1.53^cd	5.66±0.10^ab	7.41±0.14^bc	1.74±0.11^abc
	2/3刻芽	36.60±1.96^c	44.25±2.35^bc	7.65±0.48^abc	5.38±0.11^a	7.04±0.2^c	1.66±0.11^bc
	环割	43.63±2.26^ab	48.62±2.21^ab	4.99±0.36^cd	5.80±0.20^ab	7.23±0.22^bc	1.43±0.22^c
萌芽期 In germination	1/3刻芽	46.07±2.29^a	50.83±1.99^a	4.76±1.33^cd	5.73±0.13^ab	7.81±0.17^ab	2.08±0.06^abc
	2/3刻芽	41.00±2.48^abc	45.45±1.75^ab	4.45±0.73^d	5.53±0.11^ab	7.22±0.17^bc	1.69±0.08^bc
	环割	43.21±1.81^ab	49.49±1.42^ab	6.27±0.52^bcd	5.81±0.36^a	8.09±0.19^a	2.28±0.25^ab
萌芽后 After germination	1/3刻芽	41.36±0.38^abc	49.95±1.52^ab	8.58±1.18^ab	5.73±0.02^ab	7.79±0.16^ab	2.05±0.13^abc
	2/3刻芽	44.13±1.11^ab	51.09±2.23^a	6.96±1.23^abcd	5.48±0.11^ab	7.88±0.22^ab	2.39±0.16^a
	环割	38.05±2.48^bc	47.66±1.79^ab	9.61±0.79^a	5.48±0.17^ab	7.37±0.34^bc	1.89±0.45^abc

时期 Period	处理 Treatment	新梢长度 New shoot length(cm)		枝长增量 Branches length incremental (cm)	新梢粗度 Thickness of new(mm)		枝粗增量 Branches thick incremental (mm)
时期 Period	处理 Treatment	6月10日 June 10th	7月15日 July 15th	枝长增量 Branches length incremental (cm)	6月10日 June 10th	7月15日 July 15th	枝粗增量 Branches thick incremental (mm)
	CK	34.22±1.99^d	38.82±2.08^c	4.60±0.32^cd	5.24±0.59^b	6.98±0.14^c	1.74±0.09^abc
萌芽前 Before germination	1/3刻芽	40.17±0.21^abc	45.32±1.69^ab	5.15±1.53^cd	5.66±0.10^ab	7.41±0.14^bc	1.74±0.11^abc
	2/3刻芽	36.60±1.96^c	44.25±2.35^bc	7.65±0.48^abc	5.38±0.11^a	7.04±0.2^c	1.66±0.11^bc
	环割	43.63±2.26^ab	48.62±2.21^ab	4.99±0.36^cd	5.80±0.20^ab	7.23±0.22^bc	1.43±0.22^c
萌芽期 In germination	1/3刻芽	46.07±2.29^a	50.83±1.99^a	4.76±1.33^cd	5.73±0.13^ab	7.81±0.17^ab	2.08±0.06^abc
	2/3刻芽	41.00±2.48^abc	45.45±1.75^ab	4.45±0.73^d	5.53±0.11^ab	7.22±0.17^bc	1.69±0.08^bc
	环割	43.21±1.81^ab	49.49±1.42^ab	6.27±0.52^bcd	5.81±0.36^a	8.09±0.19^a	2.28±0.25^ab
萌芽后 After germination	1/3刻芽	41.36±0.38^abc	49.95±1.52^ab	8.58±1.18^ab	5.73±0.02^ab	7.79±0.16^ab	2.05±0.13^abc
	2/3刻芽	44.13±1.11^ab	51.09±2.23^a	6.96±1.23^abcd	5.48±0.11^ab	7.88±0.22^ab	2.39±0.16^a
	环割	38.05±2.48^bc	47.66±1.79^ab	9.61±0.79^a	5.48±0.17^ab	7.37±0.34^bc	1.89±0.45^abc

时期 Period	处理 Treatment	叶柄长 Petiole length (mm)	叶柄粗 Thick petiole (mm)	叶长 Leaf length (cm)	叶宽 Leaf width (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	百叶鲜重 Fresh weight of louver (g)	百叶干重 Dry weight of louver (g)	叶绿素 SPAD值 Chlorophyll SPAD value
	CK	25.35±1.01^b	1.54±0.03^a	8.22±0.35^e	5.35±0.18^b	32.57±1.14^f	128.77±1.79^e	49.82±1.13^d	46.23±0.68^e
6月3日 June 3 rd	70°	24.31±0.13^b	1.54±0.05^a	9.05±0.33^cde	5.62±0.19^ab	33.80±0.18^f	134.31±1.50^d	51.74±2.14^c	51.23±0.22^a
	90°	27.13±2.66^ab	1.52±0.08^a	9.49±0.11^bcd	5.99±0.09^ab	37.88±0.52^de	145.42±1.75^bc	61.58±1.92^ab	50.10±0.17^a
	110°	27.37±0.74^ab	1.60±0.07^a	10.66±0.31^a	6.21±0.26^a	44.25±0.57^a	135.67±2.23^d	59.32±0.89^b	50.20±0.35^a
6月13日 June 13 th	70°	30.27±2.38^ab	1.62±0.07^a	9.88±0.23^abc	6.16±0.04^a	40.56±0.35^cd	150.14±1.64^b	65.36±0.55^a	47.53±0.34^d
	90°	27.70±0.54^ab	1.50±0.09^a	8.58±0.59^e	6.33±0.38^a	41.24±1.53^bc	155.64±1.71^a	65.54±2.18^a	49.30±0.66^ab
	110°	32.19±2.98^a	1.44±0.12^a	9.09±0.17^cde	6.09±0.25^a	36.98±1.07^e	144.37±2.32^c	58.62±0.16^b	48.20±0.10^bcd
6月23日 June 23 rd	70°	30.02±3.01^ab	1.49±0.06^a	10.27±0.32^ab	5.94±0.27^ab	40.77±0.77^bc	137.67±1.62^d	52.82±1.13^c	48.93±0.68^abc
	90°	30.04±1.09^ab	1.51±0.11^a	10.66±0.35^a	6.13±0.08^a	43.51±1.04^ab	159.26±1.46^a	62.33±0.96^ab	49.07±0.27^abc
	110°	26.15±0.78^b	1.50±0.01^a	9.99±0.50^abc	6.02±0.16^ab	40.19±0.95^cd	156.53±1.96^a	60.76±1.52^b	47.73±0.33^cd