新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3): 664-674.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.017
• 植物保护·设施农业·农产品加工工程·微生物 • 上一篇 下一篇
收稿日期:
2022-08-21
出版日期:
2023-03-20
发布日期:
2023-04-18
通信作者:
杨伟伟(1986-),男,山西人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为果树生理生态及模型模拟,(E-mail)yww2567@126.com
作者简介:
王凯(1999-),男,安徽人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树生理生态,(E-mail)2296477313@qq.com
基金资助:
WANG Kai(), LI Xiuling, Fazal Haider, BAI Ru, FENG Jianrong, YANG Weiwei()
Received:
2022-08-21
Online:
2023-03-20
Published:
2023-04-18
Correspondence author:
YANG Weiwei(1986-), male, Associate professor PhD, Master supervisor, Research on physiological ecology and model simulation of fruit trees, (E-mail)Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】建立准确、无损的适宜于苹果不同品种和枝梢类型的叶面积估算模型。【方法】以富士及嘎啦不同长度的营养枝梢和果台枝梢叶片为试材,采用数字扫描仪获取叶片长度(LL)、宽度(LW)和叶面积(LA)等叶片形态参数,并采用决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、赤池信息准则(AIC)对建立的17个有常数项和无常数项叶面积模型精度进行筛选和适宜性评价。【结果】共获得5 207枚叶片形态参数,其中叶面积变异系数最大,达51.59%。叶片形态受品种及枝梢类型的显著影响,其中长枝梢叶片长、宽和叶面积显著大于同类型短枝梢叶片,而营养枝梢叶片长、宽和叶面积显著大于同长度果台枝梢,嘎啦叶片相比富士更为细长。以LL和LW复合变量为自变量的模型5:LA = a(LL×LW)、模型6:LA = a(LL+LW)2、模型9:LA = aLL2+bLW2、模型16:LA = a(LL×LW)b、模型17:LA = (LL×LW)b的精度可满足富士和嘎啦各类枝梢叶面积的估算,但需针对各品种和枝梢类型单独建模。同时包含LL和LW双变量的叶面积模型精度高于单一LL或LW变量的模型。无论富士还是嘎啦,对于不同类型枝梢,果台叶面积模型精度最高,短枝梢均比长枝梢精度高,营养长枝梢拟合精度最低。模型5和17可适用于富士和嘎啦各类枝梢叶面积的估算。模型5和17的R2分别为97.72%和97.37%,RMSE分别为1.756 6和1.831 9 cm2,模型系数分别为0.712 3和0.910 8。满足模型5和17精度所需的最低样品数量为241与3 939枚叶片。【结论】筛选的叶面积模型可用于各品种和各个类型枝梢叶片面积估算,无需针对单个品种及枝梢独立建模,且模型无需添加常数项。叶片数量影响叶面积模型精度,需满足最低临界值。
中图分类号:
王凯, 李秀玲, 白茹, 冯建荣, 杨伟伟. 富士和嘎啦苹果叶片面积估算模型构建[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 664-674.
WANG Kai, LI Xiuling, Fazal Haider, BAI Ru, FENG Jianrong, YANG Weiwei. Construction of Apple Leaf Area Estimation Model[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 664-674.
模型类型 Model types | 序号 Order | 模型 Model equations | 序号 Order | 模型 Model equations | 变量 Variable |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
线性模型 Linear models | 1 | LA = aLL | 1c | LA= aLL+c | LL |
2 | LA = aLW | 2c | LA =aLW+c | LW | |
3 | LA =aLL2 | 3c | LA =aLL2+c | LL2 | |
4 | LA = aLW2 | 4c | LA = a LW2+c | LW2 | |
5 | LA = a (LL×LW) | 5c | LA = a (LL×LW)+c | LL×LW | |
6 | LA = a (LL+LW)2 | 6c | LA = a (LL+LW)2+c | LL+LW | |
7 | LA = a (LL+LW)3 | 7c | LA = a (LL+LW)3+c | LL+LW | |
8 | LA = aLL+ bLW | 8c | LA = aLL+ bLW+c | LL,LW | |
9 | LA = aLL2+bLW2 | 9c | LA = aLL2+bLW2+c | LL2,LW2 | |
非线性模型 Non-linear models | 10 | LA = aLLb | 10c | LA = aLLb+c | LL |
11 | LA =LLb | 11c | LA =LLb+c | LL | |
12 | LA = aLWb | 12c | LA = aLWb+c | LW | |
13 | LA = LWb | 13c | LA =LWb+c | LW | |
14 | LA = a (LL+LW)b | 14c | LA = a (LL+LW)b+c | LL+LW | |
15 | LA = (LL+LW)b | 15c | LA = (LL+LW)b+c | LL+LW | |
16 | LA = a (LL×LW) b | 16c | LA = a (LL×LW)b+c | LL ×LW | |
17 | LA = (LL×LW) b | 17c | LA = (LL×LW)b+c | LL×LW |
表1 苹果叶面积估算候选模型
Tab.1 Candidate leaf area models for apple trees
模型类型 Model types | 序号 Order | 模型 Model equations | 序号 Order | 模型 Model equations | 变量 Variable |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
线性模型 Linear models | 1 | LA = aLL | 1c | LA= aLL+c | LL |
2 | LA = aLW | 2c | LA =aLW+c | LW | |
3 | LA =aLL2 | 3c | LA =aLL2+c | LL2 | |
4 | LA = aLW2 | 4c | LA = a LW2+c | LW2 | |
5 | LA = a (LL×LW) | 5c | LA = a (LL×LW)+c | LL×LW | |
6 | LA = a (LL+LW)2 | 6c | LA = a (LL+LW)2+c | LL+LW | |
7 | LA = a (LL+LW)3 | 7c | LA = a (LL+LW)3+c | LL+LW | |
8 | LA = aLL+ bLW | 8c | LA = aLL+ bLW+c | LL,LW | |
9 | LA = aLL2+bLW2 | 9c | LA = aLL2+bLW2+c | LL2,LW2 | |
非线性模型 Non-linear models | 10 | LA = aLLb | 10c | LA = aLLb+c | LL |
11 | LA =LLb | 11c | LA =LLb+c | LL | |
12 | LA = aLWb | 12c | LA = aLWb+c | LW | |
13 | LA = LWb | 13c | LA =LWb+c | LW | |
14 | LA = a (LL+LW)b | 14c | LA = a (LL+LW)b+c | LL+LW | |
15 | LA = (LL+LW)b | 15c | LA = (LL+LW)b+c | LL+LW | |
16 | LA = a (LL×LW) b | 16c | LA = a (LL×LW)b+c | LL ×LW | |
17 | LA = (LL×LW) b | 17c | LA = (LL×LW)b+c | LL×LW |
项目 Item | 中位数 Median value | 最大值 Maximum value | 最小值 Minimum value | 平均值 Average value | 变异系数 CV(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶片长度 Leaf length(cm) | 7.17 | 15.24(嘎啦营养长枝) | 1.50(嘎啦果台) | 7.17 | 31.72 |
叶片宽度 Leaf width(cm) | 4.14 | 7.99(嘎啦营养长枝) | 4.14(嘎啦短果枝) | 4.14 | 26.14 |
叶柄长度 Petiole length(cm) | 2.95 | 5.46(富士营养短枝) | 0.47(富士短果枝) | 2.89 | 29.62 |
叶片面积 Leaf area(cm2) | 21.52 | 73.94(嘎啦营养长枝) | 1.95(嘎啦果台) | 22.69 | 51.59 |
长宽比 Leaf length/Leaf width ratio | 1.71 | 3.13(嘎啦营养短枝) | 0.79(富士果台Bourse) | 1.73 | 19.27 |
圆度 Roundness | 0.13 | 0.41(富士营养短枝) | 0.07(嘎啦营养短枝) | 0.14 | 24.34 |
表2 嘎啦和富士不同类型枝梢叶片形态特征参数
Tab.2 Statistical values of leaf morphological characteristic parameters of different shoot types in Gala and Fuji
项目 Item | 中位数 Median value | 最大值 Maximum value | 最小值 Minimum value | 平均值 Average value | 变异系数 CV(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶片长度 Leaf length(cm) | 7.17 | 15.24(嘎啦营养长枝) | 1.50(嘎啦果台) | 7.17 | 31.72 |
叶片宽度 Leaf width(cm) | 4.14 | 7.99(嘎啦营养长枝) | 4.14(嘎啦短果枝) | 4.14 | 26.14 |
叶柄长度 Petiole length(cm) | 2.95 | 5.46(富士营养短枝) | 0.47(富士短果枝) | 2.89 | 29.62 |
叶片面积 Leaf area(cm2) | 21.52 | 73.94(嘎啦营养长枝) | 1.95(嘎啦果台) | 22.69 | 51.59 |
长宽比 Leaf length/Leaf width ratio | 1.71 | 3.13(嘎啦营养短枝) | 0.79(富士果台Bourse) | 1.73 | 19.27 |
圆度 Roundness | 0.13 | 0.41(富士营养短枝) | 0.07(嘎啦营养短枝) | 0.14 | 24.34 |
品种 Cultivar | 枝梢类型 Shoot type | 叶长 Leaf length (cm) | 叶宽 Leaf width (cm) | 叶柄长 Petiole length (cm) | 叶面积 Leaf area (cm2) | 叶长/宽比 Leaf length/ Leaf width ratio | 圆度 Roundness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
富士 | 果台 | 3.95f | 3.03g | 1.65e | 9.48h | 1.31f | 0.19a |
Fuji | 长果枝 | 7.00bc | 4.37b | 2.93b | 22.64d | 1.61cd | 0.14d |
短果枝 | 6.33d | 3.90d | 2.78c | 19.06f | 1.62cd | 0.15c | |
营养长枝 | 7.13bc | 4.37b | 2.91b | 24.22c | 1.64c | 0.15c | |
营养短枝 | 6.56d | 4.05c | 2.86c | 21.48de | 1.60d | 0.16b | |
嘎啦 | 果台 | 4.77e | 3.20f | 2.09d | 11.60g | 1.49e | 0.16b |
Gala | 长果枝 | 8.26a | 4.40b | 3.25a | 25.99b | 1.89a | 0.11g |
短果枝 | 7.28b | 3.84de | 3.30a | 20.63e | 1.90a | 0.12f | |
营养长枝 | 8.44a | 4.56a | 3.21a | 28.56a | 1.86ab | 0.13e | |
营养短枝 | 6.94c | 3.71e | 2.65c | 20.11ef | 1.85b | 0.13e | |
P值 | 品种Cultivar | *** | ns | *** | *** | *** | *** |
P values | 枝类Shoot type | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
品种×枝类 | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | ns |
表3 富士和嘎啦不同类型枝梢形态特征参数平均值
Tab.3 Average value of morphological characteristics for different shoot types in Fuji and Gala apple trees
品种 Cultivar | 枝梢类型 Shoot type | 叶长 Leaf length (cm) | 叶宽 Leaf width (cm) | 叶柄长 Petiole length (cm) | 叶面积 Leaf area (cm2) | 叶长/宽比 Leaf length/ Leaf width ratio | 圆度 Roundness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
富士 | 果台 | 3.95f | 3.03g | 1.65e | 9.48h | 1.31f | 0.19a |
Fuji | 长果枝 | 7.00bc | 4.37b | 2.93b | 22.64d | 1.61cd | 0.14d |
短果枝 | 6.33d | 3.90d | 2.78c | 19.06f | 1.62cd | 0.15c | |
营养长枝 | 7.13bc | 4.37b | 2.91b | 24.22c | 1.64c | 0.15c | |
营养短枝 | 6.56d | 4.05c | 2.86c | 21.48de | 1.60d | 0.16b | |
嘎啦 | 果台 | 4.77e | 3.20f | 2.09d | 11.60g | 1.49e | 0.16b |
Gala | 长果枝 | 8.26a | 4.40b | 3.25a | 25.99b | 1.89a | 0.11g |
短果枝 | 7.28b | 3.84de | 3.30a | 20.63e | 1.90a | 0.12f | |
营养长枝 | 8.44a | 4.56a | 3.21a | 28.56a | 1.86ab | 0.13e | |
营养短枝 | 6.94c | 3.71e | 2.65c | 20.11ef | 1.85b | 0.13e | |
P值 | 品种Cultivar | *** | ns | *** | *** | *** | *** |
P values | 枝类Shoot type | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
品种×枝类 | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | ns |
图1 各总体模型观测值与模拟值散点图(虚线为1∶1线)
Fig.1 Correlations between observed and simulated leaf area for each model by pooling all data together (dashed line means 1∶1 line)
无常数项模型 Model without constant | 有常数项模型 Model with constant | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
序号 Order | 系数a Coefficient a | 系数b Coefficient b | 决定系数 (R2, %) | 均方根误差 (RMSE, cm2) | 赤池信息 准则(AIC) | 序号 Order | 决定系数 (R2, %) | 均方根误差 (RMSE, cm2) | |
1 | 3.319 5 | 77.53 | 5.525 6 | 3 2681.04 | 1c | 87.33 | 4.158 4 | ||
2 | 5.785 5 | 69.67 | 6.609 6 | 34 132.65 | 2c | 86.61 | 4.263 9 | ||
3 | 0.384 1 | 84.86 | 4.592 5 | 30 664.15 | 3c | 88.82 | 4.032 5 | ||
4 | 1.231 8 | 87.99 | 3.963 4 | 29 250.97 | 4c | 88.75 | 3.915 5 | ||
5 | 0.712 3 | 97.72 | 1.756 6 | 20 849.11 | 5c | 97.47 | 1.821 9 | ||
6 | 0.162 3 | 95.93 | 2.351 4 | 23 355.95 | 6c | 96.11 | 2.232 7 | ||
7 | 0.010 9 | 71.67 | 6.306 5 | 33 012.39 | 7c | 93.23 | 3.016 0 | ||
8 | 2.570 0 | 1.300 5 | 77.40 | 5.809 2 | 32 530.78 | 8c | 94.43 | 2.729 0 | |
9 | 0.181 9 | 0.677 1 | 97.73 | 1.751 0 | 20 593.45 | 9c | 98.01 | 1.672 5 | |
10 | 0.914 2 | 1.604 7 | 87.47 | 4.294 3 | 29 403.36 | 10c | 87.89 | 4.087 9 | |
11 | 1.566 1 | 87.74 | 4.176 8 | 29 431.18 | 11c | 87.33 | 4.120 4 | ||
12 | 1.415 5 | 1.913 4 | 88.50 | 4.059 3 | 29 175.67 | 12c | 88.47 | 4.058 2 | |
13 | 2.125 2 | 87.05 | 4.311 8 | 29 582.07 | 13c | 87.72 | 3.962 5 | ||
14 | 0.213 2 | 1.895 8 | 96.65 | 2.149 1 | 23 065.05 | 14c | 96.33 | 2.180 9 | |
15 | 1.303 2 | 87.89 | 4.136 9 | 29 125.36 | 15c | 95.75 | 2.485 5 | ||
16 | 0.786 8 | 0.973 5 | 97.73 | 1.763 5 | 20 768.06 | 16c | 97.88 | 1.681 9 | |
17 | 0.910 8 | 97.32 | 1.831 9 | 21 529.06 | 17c | 97.54 | 1.807 7 |
表4 苹果叶面积估算模型的误差
Tab.4 Error statistics of leaf area models in apple trees
无常数项模型 Model without constant | 有常数项模型 Model with constant | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
序号 Order | 系数a Coefficient a | 系数b Coefficient b | 决定系数 (R2, %) | 均方根误差 (RMSE, cm2) | 赤池信息 准则(AIC) | 序号 Order | 决定系数 (R2, %) | 均方根误差 (RMSE, cm2) | |
1 | 3.319 5 | 77.53 | 5.525 6 | 3 2681.04 | 1c | 87.33 | 4.158 4 | ||
2 | 5.785 5 | 69.67 | 6.609 6 | 34 132.65 | 2c | 86.61 | 4.263 9 | ||
3 | 0.384 1 | 84.86 | 4.592 5 | 30 664.15 | 3c | 88.82 | 4.032 5 | ||
4 | 1.231 8 | 87.99 | 3.963 4 | 29 250.97 | 4c | 88.75 | 3.915 5 | ||
5 | 0.712 3 | 97.72 | 1.756 6 | 20 849.11 | 5c | 97.47 | 1.821 9 | ||
6 | 0.162 3 | 95.93 | 2.351 4 | 23 355.95 | 6c | 96.11 | 2.232 7 | ||
7 | 0.010 9 | 71.67 | 6.306 5 | 33 012.39 | 7c | 93.23 | 3.016 0 | ||
8 | 2.570 0 | 1.300 5 | 77.40 | 5.809 2 | 32 530.78 | 8c | 94.43 | 2.729 0 | |
9 | 0.181 9 | 0.677 1 | 97.73 | 1.751 0 | 20 593.45 | 9c | 98.01 | 1.672 5 | |
10 | 0.914 2 | 1.604 7 | 87.47 | 4.294 3 | 29 403.36 | 10c | 87.89 | 4.087 9 | |
11 | 1.566 1 | 87.74 | 4.176 8 | 29 431.18 | 11c | 87.33 | 4.120 4 | ||
12 | 1.415 5 | 1.913 4 | 88.50 | 4.059 3 | 29 175.67 | 12c | 88.47 | 4.058 2 | |
13 | 2.125 2 | 87.05 | 4.311 8 | 29 582.07 | 13c | 87.72 | 3.962 5 | ||
14 | 0.213 2 | 1.895 8 | 96.65 | 2.149 1 | 23 065.05 | 14c | 96.33 | 2.180 9 | |
15 | 1.303 2 | 87.89 | 4.136 9 | 29 125.36 | 15c | 95.75 | 2.485 5 | ||
16 | 0.786 8 | 0.973 5 | 97.73 | 1.763 5 | 20 768.06 | 16c | 97.88 | 1.681 9 | |
17 | 0.910 8 | 97.32 | 1.831 9 | 21 529.06 | 17c | 97.54 | 1.807 7 |
图2 各个品种不同类型枝梢的模型模拟精度决定系数(R2,A)、均方根误差(RMSE,cm2,B)和赤池信息量信息准则(AIC,C)热图 注:a.果台;b.长果枝;c.短果枝;d.营养长枝;e.营养短枝
Fig.2 Heat maps of leaf area model determination coefficient (R2, A), root mean square error (RMSE, cm2, B) and Akaike information criterion (AIC, C) of all shoot types for Fuji and Gala trees, respectively Note:a.Bourse; b.Bourse long shoot; c.Bourse short shoot; d.Vegetative short shoot; e.Vegetative short shoot
图3 富士和嘎啦不同类型枝梢个体模型的模型系数a和b值的变异系数(CV)
Fig.3 Coefficient of variations (CV) of model coefficients a and b values of all shoot type for Fuji and Gala apple trees.
Model type | 品种 Cultivar | 枝梢类型 Shoot type | ΔR2 (%) | ΔRMSE (cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
模型5 Model 5 | 富士 | 果台 | 1.680 27 | -0.093 35 |
长果枝 | -0.564 54 | 0.174 67 | ||
短果枝 | -0.844 06 | 0.069 26 | ||
营养长枝 | -0.467 96 | 0.240 24 | ||
营养短枝 | -0.615 8 | 0.115 50 | ||
嘎啦 | 果台 | 0.132 41 | 0.011 47 | |
长果枝 | -0.527 79 | -0.059 14 | ||
短果枝 | 1.086 87 | -0.107 73 | ||
营养长枝 | 0.447 88 | -0.269 52 | ||
营养短枝 | -1.623 78 | 0.329 93 | ||
模型17 Model 17 | 富士 | 果台 | -0.103 36 | 0.059 52 |
长果枝 | -0.570 06 | 0.101 34 | ||
短果枝 | 0.308 63 | -0.089 48 | ||
营养长枝 | -0.001 54 | 0.177 94 | ||
营养短枝 | -0.159 8 | -0.059 36 | ||
嘎啦 | 果台 | -0.783 65 | 0.223 90 | |
长果枝 | -0.505 73 | -0.017 99 | ||
短果枝 | -0.630 54 | 0.192 76 | ||
营养长枝 | -0.314 35 | 0.243 35 | ||
营养短枝 | 1.696 84 | -0.492 21 |
表5 模型5和17的总体模型与富士及嘎啦不同类型枝梢独立模型误差统计量(R2和RMSE)间的差异(ΔR2和ΔRMSE)
Tab.5 Differences in error statistics (R2 and RMSE) between all-data models and models for each type of shoot and cultivars (ΔR2 and RMSE) for model 5 and 17, respectively
Model type | 品种 Cultivar | 枝梢类型 Shoot type | ΔR2 (%) | ΔRMSE (cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
模型5 Model 5 | 富士 | 果台 | 1.680 27 | -0.093 35 |
长果枝 | -0.564 54 | 0.174 67 | ||
短果枝 | -0.844 06 | 0.069 26 | ||
营养长枝 | -0.467 96 | 0.240 24 | ||
营养短枝 | -0.615 8 | 0.115 50 | ||
嘎啦 | 果台 | 0.132 41 | 0.011 47 | |
长果枝 | -0.527 79 | -0.059 14 | ||
短果枝 | 1.086 87 | -0.107 73 | ||
营养长枝 | 0.447 88 | -0.269 52 | ||
营养短枝 | -1.623 78 | 0.329 93 | ||
模型17 Model 17 | 富士 | 果台 | -0.103 36 | 0.059 52 |
长果枝 | -0.570 06 | 0.101 34 | ||
短果枝 | 0.308 63 | -0.089 48 | ||
营养长枝 | -0.001 54 | 0.177 94 | ||
营养短枝 | -0.159 8 | -0.059 36 | ||
嘎啦 | 果台 | -0.783 65 | 0.223 90 | |
长果枝 | -0.505 73 | -0.017 99 | ||
短果枝 | -0.630 54 | 0.192 76 | ||
营养长枝 | -0.314 35 | 0.243 35 | ||
营养短枝 | 1.696 84 | -0.492 21 |
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