新源野果林3种野生果树春播成苗特性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.019

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (7): 1722-1730.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.019

• 设施农业·植物保护·林业 • 上一篇下一篇

新源野果林3种野生果树春播成苗特性分析

程功¹^,²(), 李悦², 刘立强¹, 尤璐瑶¹, 曼苏尔·那斯尔¹, 廖康¹()

1.新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.邯郸市农业科学院,河北邯郸 056000

收稿日期:2022-10-28 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-07-11
通信作者: 廖康(1962-),男,四川人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为果树种质资源与栽培生理,(E-mail)13899825018@163.com
作者简介:程功(1993-),男,河北邯郸人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树种质资源,(E-mail)413245652@qq.com
基金资助:
国家科技部重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501504);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金项目

Study on the regeneration characteristics of three kinds of wild fruit trees under spring sowing in Xinyuan wild fruit forest

CHENG Gong¹^,²(), LI Yue², LIU Liqiang¹, YOU Luyao¹, Mansur Nasir¹, LIAO Kang¹()

1. College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan Hebei 056000,China

Received:2022-10-28 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-11
Correspondence author: LIAO Kang (1962-), male, native place:Sichuan, professor, research field:Fruit germplasm resource and cultivation physiology,(E-mail)13899825018@163.com
Supported by:
Key R & D Program Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFC0501504);Key Disciplines (Horticulture) Fund of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究3种野生果树种子在原生境人工播种出苗及成苗特性,分析野生果树实生更新特征。【方法】将层积后的野苹果、野杏、野樱桃李种子,分别播种于新源野果林的平地、阴坡和阳坡,观测其在自然状态下的出苗与成苗特性。【结果】野杏和野樱桃李出苗时期均为播种后19~33 d;野苹果播种后13d开始出苗。野杏的成苗率在38%~72%,保存率在93%~100%,均为阳坡最好;野樱桃李的成苗率在22.1%~41.8%,保存率在46.3%~95%,均为阴坡最好;野苹果成苗率为1.5%~6.8%,阴坡最好,保存率为57.4%~83.3%,阳坡最好。野杏和野樱桃李的一年生幼苗在平地的生长速度最快,年生长量大;野苹果一年生幼苗在平地生长较快;3种野生果树幼苗均适宜在平地生长。【结论】野杏和野樱桃李春季播种后,均有较高的成苗率和保存率,适宜在原生境实生繁殖,而野苹果播种成苗困难。阳坡适宜野杏的幼苗存活,阴坡适宜野生樱桃李的幼苗存活。

关键词: 野苹果; 野杏; 野生樱桃李

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the seedling emergence and seedling characteristics of three kinds of wild fruit tree seeds planted artificially in the original habitat and explore the seedling regeneration characteristics of wild fruit trees.【Methods】 After storage in cold stratification, wild apple, wild apricot and wild cherry plum seeds were planted on the flat, shady and sunny slopes of Xinyuan wild fruit forest to observe their emergence and seedling characteristics under natural conditions.【Results】 The emergence period of wild apricot and wild cherry plum were 19 to 33 days after sowing, and the emergence of wild apple began 13 days after sowing.The seedling rate of wild apricot was 38%-72%, the preservation rate was 93%-100%, and the sunny slope was the best; the seedling rate of wild cherry plum was 22.1%-41.8%, the preservation rate was 46.3%-95%, and the shady slope was the best; the seedling rate of wild apple was 1.5%-6.8%, the shady slope was the best, the preservation rate was 57.4%-83.3%, and the sunny slope was the best.The annual seedlings of wild apricot and wild cherry plum grew the fastest in the flat land, and the annual seedlings of wild apple grew faster in the flat land.The seedlings of three kinds of wild fruit trees were suitable to grow in the flat land.【Conclusion】 Both wild apricot and wild cherry plum have higher seedling rate and preservation rate after sowing in spring.They are suitable for live propagation in the original habitat, but it is difficult to sow wild apple.The sunny slope is suitable for the survival of wild apricot seedlings, while the shady slope is suitable for the survival of wild cherry plum seedlings.

Key words: wild apple; wild apricot; wild cherry plum

中图分类号:

程功, 李悦, 刘立强, 尤璐瑶, 曼苏尔·那斯尔, 廖康. 新源野果林3种野生果树春播成苗特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1722-1730.

CHENG Gong, LI Yue, LIU Liqiang, YOU Luyao, Mansur Nasir, LIAO Kang. Study on the regeneration characteristics of three kinds of wild fruit trees under spring sowing in Xinyuan wild fruit forest[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1722-1730.

图/表 4

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树种 Varieties of trees	试验地类型 Experimental field type	播种数量(粒) Number of seeds(grain)	成苗数量(株) Number of seedling	成苗率 Seedling rate(%)	保存数量(株) Storage quantity	保存率 Preservation rate(%)
野杏 Wild apricot	平地	280	107.0±26.5^b	38.2±5.5^b	99.7±18.6^b	92.0±4.7^a
	阴坡		155.5±0.7^{a b}	55.5±0.2^{a b}	152.0±1.0^{a b}	97.8±0.3^a
	阳坡		203.0±15.6^a	72.5±3.9^a	203.0±14.0^a	100±0.0^a
野樱桃李 Wild cherry plum	平地	122	39.3±11.6^a	32.2±5.4^a	37.7±6.6^{a b}	95.5±2.2^a
	阴坡		51.0±11.3^a	41.8±6.5^a	48.5±8.5^a	94.8±1.7^a
	阳坡		27.0±17.0^a	22.1±9.8^a	12.5±0.5^b	56.6±23.3^a
野苹果 Wild apple	平地	约792	41.5±20.5^a	5.2±1.8^a	25.0±16.0^a	53.3±19.9^a
	阴坡		54.0±19.8^a	6.8±1.7^a	31.0±4.0^a	59.5±8.0^a
	阳坡		12.0±2.8^a	1.5±0.2^a	10.0±2.0^a	82.9±2.9^a

树种 Varieties of trees	试验地类型 Experimental field type	播种数量(粒) Number of seeds(grain)	成苗数量(株) Number of seedling	成苗率 Seedling rate(%)	保存数量(株) Storage quantity	保存率 Preservation rate(%)
野杏 Wild apricot	平地	280	107.0±26.5^b	38.2±5.5^b	99.7±18.6^b	92.0±4.7^a
	阴坡		155.5±0.7^{a b}	55.5±0.2^{a b}	152.0±1.0^{a b}	97.8±0.3^a
	阳坡		203.0±15.6^a	72.5±3.9^a	203.0±14.0^a	100±0.0^a
野樱桃李 Wild cherry plum	平地	122	39.3±11.6^a	32.2±5.4^a	37.7±6.6^{a b}	95.5±2.2^a
	阴坡		51.0±11.3^a	41.8±6.5^a	48.5±8.5^a	94.8±1.7^a
	阳坡		27.0±17.0^a	22.1±9.8^a	12.5±0.5^b	56.6±23.3^a
野苹果 Wild apple	平地	约792	41.5±20.5^a	5.2±1.8^a	25.0±16.0^a	53.3±19.9^a
	阴坡		54.0±19.8^a	6.8±1.7^a	31.0±4.0^a	59.5±8.0^a
	阳坡		12.0±2.8^a	1.5±0.2^a	10.0±2.0^a	82.9±2.9^a

树种 Varieties of trees	试验地类型 Experi mental field type	苗高 Hight (cm)	叶鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	叶干重 Dry weight (g)	主根长 Main Root length (cm)	侧根长 Lateral root length (cm)	侧根数 Lateral root number	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	根干重 Root dry weight (g)	茎鲜重 Stem fresh weight (g)	茎干重 Stem Dry weight (g)	总鲜重 Total fresh weight (g)	总干重 Total dry weight (g)
野杏 Wild apricot	平地	85.32±3.12^a	3.32±0.57^a	1.15±0.23^a	32.10±0.77^a	23.26±1.49^a	24.00±6.73^a	15.17±0.82^a	7.90±0.50^a	17.75±1.93^a	9.66±1.02^a	37.92±3.04^a	18.16±2.04^a
	阴坡	57.93±2.89^b	3.99±0.21^a	1.54±0.09^a	24.70±0.77^b	15.58±1.83^a	23.00±2.93^a	4.47±0.27^b	2.64±0.42^b	4.39±1.01^b	2.43±0.57^b	12.17±0.31^b	6.23±0.70^b
	阳坡	46.52±2.58^c	2.98±0.05^a	1.17±0.03^a	21.92±2.90^b	19.42±3.66^a	27.00±3.36^a	3.96±0.83^b	2.36±0.49^b	3.60±0.84^b	2.17±0.52^b	11.15±0.90^b	4.62±0.39^b
野樱桃李 Wild cherry plum	平地	97.88±6.25^a	2.70±0.24^c	0.97±0.09^a	40.46±3.13^a	16.34±1.47^a	17.00±3.89^a	18.89±3.74^a	10.03±1.97^a	21.41±4.20^a	12.78±2.87^a	49.86±8.08^a	25.07±3.92^a
	阴坡	74.04±5.18^a	1.99±0.07^b	0.81±0.03^a	30.28±2.94^b	17.08±2.78^a	18.80±3.51^a	4.69±0.19^b	2.59±0.10^b	3.05±0.11^b	1.67±0.05^b	9.92±0.47^b	5.08±0.24^b
	阳坡	32.52±4.44^b	1.22±0.10^a	0.52±0.04^b	2.99±0.16^c	24.48±3.84^a	4.50±1.04^b	13.23±2.21^a	1.68±0.10^b	2.02±0.29^b	1.17±0.18^b	17.47±2.84^b	3.49±0.33^b
野苹果 Wild apple	平地	20.69±1.91^a	0.95±0.01^b	0.64±0.27^a	15.46±0.91^a	6.22±1.28^a	47.40±3.28^a	0.77±0.17^a	0.31±0.08^a	0.88±0.18^a	0.38±0.09^a	2.51±0.16^a	0.73±0.05^b
	阴坡	13.14±1.30^b	0.75±0.04^b	0.14±0.00^a	19.38±0.69^a	6.62±1.15^a	43.00±2.85^a	0.99±0.17^a	0.49±0.08^a	0.49±0.08^a	0.25±0.04^a	2.07±0.18^a	0.86±0.08^b
	阳坡	15.82±1.69^b	1.35±0.25^a	0.61±0.11^a	18.73±2.19^a	5.40±1.53^a	52.25±7.52^a	1.33±0.60^a	0.73±0.34^a	0.52±0.22^a	0.28±0.13^a	2.64±0.40^a	1.95±0.54^a

树种 Varieties of trees	试验地类型 Experi mental field type	苗高 Hight (cm)	叶鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	叶干重 Dry weight (g)	主根长 Main Root length (cm)	侧根长 Lateral root length (cm)	侧根数 Lateral root number	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	根干重 Root dry weight (g)	茎鲜重 Stem fresh weight (g)	茎干重 Stem Dry weight (g)	总鲜重 Total fresh weight (g)	总干重 Total dry weight (g)
野杏 Wild apricot	平地	85.32±3.12^a	3.32±0.57^a	1.15±0.23^a	32.10±0.77^a	23.26±1.49^a	24.00±6.73^a	15.17±0.82^a	7.90±0.50^a	17.75±1.93^a	9.66±1.02^a	37.92±3.04^a	18.16±2.04^a
	阴坡	57.93±2.89^b	3.99±0.21^a	1.54±0.09^a	24.70±0.77^b	15.58±1.83^a	23.00±2.93^a	4.47±0.27^b	2.64±0.42^b	4.39±1.01^b	2.43±0.57^b	12.17±0.31^b	6.23±0.70^b
	阳坡	46.52±2.58^c	2.98±0.05^a	1.17±0.03^a	21.92±2.90^b	19.42±3.66^a	27.00±3.36^a	3.96±0.83^b	2.36±0.49^b	3.60±0.84^b	2.17±0.52^b	11.15±0.90^b	4.62±0.39^b
野樱桃李 Wild cherry plum	平地	97.88±6.25^a	2.70±0.24^c	0.97±0.09^a	40.46±3.13^a	16.34±1.47^a	17.00±3.89^a	18.89±3.74^a	10.03±1.97^a	21.41±4.20^a	12.78±2.87^a	49.86±8.08^a	25.07±3.92^a
	阴坡	74.04±5.18^a	1.99±0.07^b	0.81±0.03^a	30.28±2.94^b	17.08±2.78^a	18.80±3.51^a	4.69±0.19^b	2.59±0.10^b	3.05±0.11^b	1.67±0.05^b	9.92±0.47^b	5.08±0.24^b
	阳坡	32.52±4.44^b	1.22±0.10^a	0.52±0.04^b	2.99±0.16^c	24.48±3.84^a	4.50±1.04^b	13.23±2.21^a	1.68±0.10^b	2.02±0.29^b	1.17±0.18^b	17.47±2.84^b	3.49±0.33^b
野苹果 Wild apple	平地	20.69±1.91^a	0.95±0.01^b	0.64±0.27^a	15.46±0.91^a	6.22±1.28^a	47.40±3.28^a	0.77±0.17^a	0.31±0.08^a	0.88±0.18^a	0.38±0.09^a	2.51±0.16^a	0.73±0.05^b
	阴坡	13.14±1.30^b	0.75±0.04^b	0.14±0.00^a	19.38±0.69^a	6.62±1.15^a	43.00±2.85^a	0.99±0.17^a	0.49±0.08^a	0.49±0.08^a	0.25±0.04^a	2.07±0.18^a	0.86±0.08^b
	阳坡	15.82±1.69^b	1.35±0.25^a	0.61±0.11^a	18.73±2.19^a	5.40±1.53^a	52.25±7.52^a	1.33±0.60^a	0.73±0.34^a	0.52±0.22^a	0.28±0.13^a	2.64±0.40^a	1.95±0.54^a

新源野果林3种野生果树春播成苗特性分析

Study on the regeneration characteristics of three kinds of wild fruit trees under spring sowing in Xinyuan wild fruit forest

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