温室膜下微喷灌溉技术研究进展

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.020

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (7): 1731-1740.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.020

• 设施农业·植物保护·林业 • 上一篇下一篇

温室膜下微喷灌溉技术研究进展

肖林刚¹^,²(), 马艳¹^,², 宋兵伟², 焦锐斌¹^,², 邢剑飞¹^,³

1.自治区普通高校现代农业工程重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2022-10-03 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-07-11
通信作者: 邢剑飞(1994-),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向为农业智能机械装备研发,(E-mail)591101353@qq.com
作者简介:肖林刚(1976-),男,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为温室工程技术与装备,(E-mail)447551316@qq.com
基金资助:
自治区区域协同创新专项(科技援疆计划)项目(2021E02045);新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室开放课题(TDNG2022107);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKSS202113)

Research status and progress of micro-jet irrigation technology under plastic film in greenhouses

XIAO Lingan¹^,²(), MA Yan¹^,², SONG Bingwei², JIAO Ruibin¹^,², XING Jianfei¹^,³

1. Institutions of Higher Learning' Key Laboratory for Modern Agricultural Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
3. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2022-10-03 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-11
Correspondence author: XING Jianfei(1994-),Male, education:Master, lecturer, Research direction:Agricultural intelligent machinery equipment research and development,(E-mail)591101353@qq.com
Supported by:
Regional Collaborative Innovation Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021E02045);Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering of Institutions of Higher Learning of the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(TDNG2022107);President fund of Tarim University(TDZKSS202113)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】汇总温室膜下微喷灌溉技术研究现状与进展,分析该技术在温室生产的影响,为该技术在设施农业节水灌溉上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】查阅文献资料,采用统计学对比分析方法,汇总近20年温室灌溉的概况,分析膜下微喷技术在温室灌溉中的研究进展。【结果】我国微喷灌面积占世界微喷灌面积的35%,主要研究包括微喷带的喷射角度、铺设长度对土壤水分分布及作物产量的影响,膜下微喷灌技术的应用,膜下微喷技术在大田露地种植和温室灌溉中应用,应用作物种类包括玉米、烟草、甘蔗、果蔬等。节水效果略逊于滴灌,在水源紧张地区使用有限,但抗堵塞能力强于滴灌,安装成本较低,限于半干旱地区。【结论】膜下微喷灌溉作为新型节水灌溉方式,具有良好的抗堵塞能力且造价较低,在减少地面蒸发以及提高作物水分利用效率等优势显著,是有效控制和改善土壤次生盐渍化的灌溉方式之一。

关键词: 膜下微喷; 水分运移; 番茄

Abstract:

【Objective】 To review and summarize the research status and progress of micro-jet irrigation technology under plastic film in greenhouses in the past 20 years, analyze the impact of this technology on greenhouse production in the hope of providing theoretical basis and technical support for its application in facility agriculture water-saving irrigation.【Methods】 The advantages and disadvantages of current greenhouse irrigation were summarized by summarizing domestic and foreign research literature and comparative analysis.The application research status and research results of micro-spraying technology under plastic film in greenhouse irrigation were analyzed and summarized.【Results】 At present, China accounted for 35% of the world’s microirrigation area and scholars mainly studied the influence of spray angle and laying length of microspray belt on soil moisture distribution and crop yield.Submembrane microspray technology were successfully used in field land planting and greenhouse irrigation, including corn, tobacco, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables.Compared with conventional irrigation, drip irrigation under mulch had made some progress based on plant physiology and ecology, and its water-saving effect was slightly inferior to drip irrigation.But it was limited in water source shortage areas, but it has stronger anti-clogging ability, lower installation cost, and was limited to semi-arid areas.【Conclusion】 As a new water-saving irrigation method, under plastic film micro spray irrigation has good anti blocking ability and low cost.It has significant advantages in reducing ground evaporation and improving crop water use efficiency.It is one of the irrigation methods that can effectively control and improve soil secondary salinization.Truly, submembrane microspray irrigation technology can promote the green development of facility agriculture

Key words: plastic film micro spray; moisture movement; tomato

中图分类号:

S233.5

肖林刚, 马艳, 宋兵伟, 焦锐斌, 邢剑飞. 温室膜下微喷灌溉技术研究进展[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1731-1740.

XIAO Lingan, MA Yan, SONG Bingwei, JIAO Ruibin, XING Jianfei. Research status and progress of micro-jet irrigation technology under plastic film in greenhouses[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1731-1740.

图/表 5

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微灌技术 Micro- irrigation technique	优点 Merits	缺点 Demerits
滴灌 Drip irrigation	节水、节肥、抑盐和易管理特性	易产生沉淀物进而诱发滴头堵塞
渗灌 Infiltrationg irrigation	灌水效率高、压力小、不占用地表面积	投资成本高、施工复杂、水质要求高、堵塞不易维修
微喷灌 Micro- sprinkler irrigation	挟沙和抗堵塞能力强, 节水、节肥、洗盐效果好	露天应用节水效果不显著

微灌技术 Micro- irrigation technique	优点 Merits	缺点 Demerits
滴灌 Drip irrigation	节水、节肥、抑盐和易管理特性	易产生沉淀物进而诱发滴头堵塞
渗灌 Infiltrationg irrigation	灌水效率高、压力小、不占用地表面积	投资成本高、施工复杂、水质要求高、堵塞不易维修
微喷灌 Micro- sprinkler irrigation	挟沙和抗堵塞能力强, 节水、节肥、洗盐效果好	露天应用节水效果不显著

种植作物 Raise crops	微喷带性能参数 Performance parameters of micro spray tape	喷洒均匀度 Spray uniformity
冬小麦 Winter wheat	工作压力28kPa	最有利^[35]
冬小麦 Winter wheat	长度影响	最显著^[36]
油菜 Rape	孔口间距和孔口径 (可靠度为90%)	显著^[37]
大豆 Soybean	喷孔位置和孔口径	关键因素^[38]

种植作物 Raise crops	微喷带性能参数 Performance parameters of micro spray tape	喷洒均匀度 Spray uniformity
冬小麦 Winter wheat	工作压力28kPa	最有利^[35]
冬小麦 Winter wheat	长度影响	最显著^[36]
油菜 Rape	孔口间距和孔口径 (可靠度为90%)	显著^[37]
大豆 Soybean	喷孔位置和孔口径	关键因素^[38]

处理 Treatments	产值 Output value			费用(元/667m²) Cost (yuan/667m²)							净收益 (元 /667m²) Net profit (yuan /667m²)
处理 Treatments	穗重 Spike weight (kg/ 667m²)	单价 Unit- price (元/kg)	产值 Output value(元/ 667m²)	水费 Water rate	人工 Artificial	地膜 Film	电费 Electric charge	种子 Seed	化肥 Chemical fertilizer	合计 Total	净收益 (元 /667m²) Net profit (yuan /667m²)
膜下微润灌 Subsurface trickle irrigation	951.3	2.20	2 092.8	64.3	170.0	30.0	6.4	49.0	152.0	471.7	1 621.1
膜下滴灌 Subsurface drip irrigation	995.6	2.20	2 190.3	60.1	170.0	30.0	6.0	49.0	152.0	467.1	1 723.2
膜下微喷 Subsurface microspraying	986.3	2.20	2 169.8	59.7	170.0	30.0	6.0	49.0	152.0	476.7	1 693.1
微润灌 Micro irrigation	941.9	2.20	2 072.2	64.3	170.0		6.4	49.0	152.0	461.7	1 610.5
管灌与微喷 Pipe irrigation and micro spraying	887.3	2.20	1 952.1	82.2	180.0		8.2	49.0	152.0	471.4	1 480.7
低压管灌 Low pressure pipe irrigation	972.8	2.20	2 140.2	98.0	180.0	30.0	9.8	49.0	152.0	518.8	1 621.4

温室膜下微喷灌溉技术研究进展

Research status and progress of micro-jet irrigation technology under plastic film in greenhouses

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