基质中化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.8.013

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1929-1934.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.8.013

• 园艺特产·种质资源·贮藏保鲜加工·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

基质中化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长的影响

古宁宁¹(), 张蒲², 谢彦如², 唐丹², 赵志信³, 董瑞芳⁴, 崔拥民⁴, 秦勇²()

1.阿克苏地区中等职业技术学校,新疆阿克苏 843000
2.新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆农业规划研究院,乌鲁木齐 830000
4.新疆沙田农业综合开发有限公司,新疆和田 848000

收稿日期:2021-11-01 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-10-01
通信作者: 秦勇
作者简介:古宁宁（1989-）,女,四川人,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,（E-mail） 275175120@qq.com
基金资助:
自治区区域协同创新专项（科技援疆计划）“适于和田地区蔬菜生产的育苗技术研究与示范推广”(2018E02036);国家重点研发计划项目“多方受益的资源优化城市循环农业研究与示范-乌鲁木齐阳台菜园示范”(2017YFE0118500-8);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金(2016-10758-3)

Effects of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings

GU Ningning¹(), ZHANG Pu², XIE Yanru², TANG Dan², ZHAO Zhixin³, DONG Ruifang⁴, CUI Yongmin⁴, QIN Yong²()

1. Aksu Area Secondary Vocational Technical School,Aksu Xinjiang 843000, China
2. College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
3. Xinjiang Institute of Agricultural Planning, Urumqi 830000, China
4. Xinjiang Shatian Comprehensive Agricultural Development Co. LTD,Hotan Xinjiang 848000, China

Received:2021-11-01 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-10-01
Correspondence author: QIN Yong
Supported by:
Autonomous Region Supported by the Regional Collaborative Innovation Project（Science and Technology Aid Supporting Xinjiang Program） “Research and Demonstration and Extension of Seedling Technology Suitable for Vegetable Production in Hotan Area”(2018E02036);National Key Research and Development & D Program “Research and Development of Multi-Benefit Resource Optimization Urban Circular Agriculture- Urumqi balcony Balcony vegetable Vegetable Garden Demonstration”(2017YFE0118500-8);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region the Horticulture Key DisciplinesSubject Fund of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2016-10758-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】在番茄育苗基质中施入不同比例的氮、磷、钾肥,比较不同化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长的影响,为降低育苗成本、培育番茄优质壮苗提供参考。【方法】以番茄品种欧官为材料,采用穴盘育苗的方式,椰糠、沙子、商品有机肥（20:1:1）为基本基质配方,不同比例化肥施入量为变量,设置1个对照和5个处理,其他条件保持一致,测定番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、最大叶面积、鲜重、干重、根长、根体积、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素等指标,比较基质中化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长指标和生理生化指标的影响。【结果】各处理都对番茄幼苗产生了不同程度的影响,其中T₂处理的叶面积最大,为21.29 cm²;T₄处理的地上部分鲜重数值最高,为4.23 g;T₂、T₄处理的地下部分鲜重数值均高于对照,都为0.78 g;T₂处理根长最长,为15.54 cm;T₄处理的地下部分干重数值最高,为0.08 g;T₂处理根体积数值最高,为6.17 cm³;T₁、T₃、T₄处理的根冠比数值相同均为0.19;T₄处理的壮苗指数最高,为0.19;T₄处理G值最大,为0.013;T₂处理的可溶性糖含量与可溶性蛋白含量数值最大,分别为8.15 和11.88 mg/g;T₂处理的总叶绿素含量最大,为1.78 mg/g;其次是T₄处理,为1.72 mg/g。【结论】T₄处理（氮、磷、钾施入量分别为100、20和100 g/m³）的化肥施入量对番茄幼苗的生长有利,作为番茄育苗基质中的化肥施入量。

关键词: 番茄; 基质; 化肥; 育苗

Abstract:

【Objective】 When the original tomato matrix formula was adopted in Hetian region of Xinjiang,different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer were applied to cultivate tomato seedlings. 【Method】 Tomato 'ouguan' as the test material,adopt the method of raising seedlings with acupoints and plates,coconut bran, sand and organic fertilizer（20:1:1） were used as the basic matrix,One control and five different treatments were set with different fertilizer inputs,make sure all other conditions are consistent,plant height, stem diameter, maximum leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, root volume, soluble sugar, soluble protein and chlorophyll were determined.The effects of different fertilizer rates on growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of tomato seedlings were compared. In order to provide theoretical basis for cultivating high quality tomato seedlings in Hetian area. 【Result】 All treatments had different effects on tomato seedlings, among which T₂ treatment had the largest leaf area was 21.29 cm². T₄ treatment has the highest fresh weight of the above-ground part, which was 4.23 g. The fresh weight of the underground part in T₂ and T₄treatments was 0.78 g, which was higher than that of the control. T₂ treatment had the longest root length was 15.54 cm; The dry weight of underground part under T₄ treatment is the highest, which was 0.08 g. The value of root volume in T₂ treatment was the highest, which was 6.17 cm³. The root-shoot ratio of T₁, T₃ and T₄ was 0.19. T₄ treatment had the highest seedling index（0.19）. T₄ treatment had the highest G value, is 0.013. T₂ treatment had the highest soluble sugar content and soluble protein content, which were 8.15 mg/g and 11.88 mg/g, respectively. T₂ treatment had the highest total chlorophyll content, which was 1.78 mg/g. T₄ treatment was followed by 1.72 mg/g. 【Conclusion】 T₄（nitrogen-phosphate-potassium content of 100,20 and 100 g/m³） fertilizer was more beneficial to the growth of tomato seedlings.It is recommended as fertilizer formula for tomato seedling in Hetian region of Xinjiang.

Key words: tomato; stroma; fertilizer; seedling

中图分类号:

S641.2

古宁宁, 张蒲, 谢彦如, 唐丹, 赵志信, 董瑞芳, 崔拥民, 秦勇. 基质中化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 1929-1934.

GU Ningning, ZHANG Pu, XIE Yanru, TANG Dan, ZHAO Zhixin, DONG Ruifang, CUI Yongmin, QIN Yong. Effects of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(8): 1929-1934.

图/表 4

参考文献 16

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height （cm）	茎粗 Stem diameter（mm）	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area（cm²）	地上部鲜重 Fresh aboveground weight（g）	地下部鲜重 Fresh underground weight（g）	根长 Root length （cm）
CK	18.77±0.29^a	3.81±0.16^a	15.49±2.28^c	2.91±0.09^d	0.64±0.006^b	13.43±0.86^ab
T₁	16.57±0.27^bc	3.31±0.16^a	18.76±1.91^ab	3.59±0.38^bc	0.71±0.04^ab	12.38±0.51^ab
T₂	18.24±0.38^ab	3.80±0.13^a	21.29±2.35^a	3.88±0.17^ab	0.78±0.04^a	15.54±1.90^a
T₃	16.34±0.99^c	3.57±0.23^a	17.01±1.88^bc	3.21±0.11^cd	0.68±0.04^ab	15.14±0.52^ab
T₄	18.51±0.79^a	3.51±0.23^a	21.06±2.47^a	4.23±0.18^a	0.78±0.07^a	14.03±1.26^ab
T₅	16.95±0.05^abc	3.28±0.15^a	18.84±2.32^ab	3.56±0.09^bc	0.70±0.03^ab	11.81±0.46^b

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height （cm）	茎粗 Stem diameter（mm）	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area（cm²）	地上部鲜重 Fresh aboveground weight（g）	地下部鲜重 Fresh underground weight（g）	根长 Root length （cm）
CK	18.77±0.29^a	3.81±0.16^a	15.49±2.28^c	2.91±0.09^d	0.64±0.006^b	13.43±0.86^ab
T₁	16.57±0.27^bc	3.31±0.16^a	18.76±1.91^ab	3.59±0.38^bc	0.71±0.04^ab	12.38±0.51^ab
T₂	18.24±0.38^ab	3.80±0.13^a	21.29±2.35^a	3.88±0.17^ab	0.78±0.04^a	15.54±1.90^a
T₃	16.34±0.99^c	3.57±0.23^a	17.01±1.88^bc	3.21±0.11^cd	0.68±0.04^ab	15.14±0.52^ab
T₄	18.51±0.79^a	3.51±0.23^a	21.06±2.47^a	4.23±0.18^a	0.78±0.07^a	14.03±1.26^ab
T₅	16.95±0.05^abc	3.28±0.15^a	18.84±2.32^ab	3.56±0.09^bc	0.70±0.03^ab	11.81±0.46^b

处理 Treatment	地上部干重 Above ground dry weight（g）	地下部干重 Underground dry weight（g）	根体积 Root volume （cm³）	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	壮苗指数 Sound Seedling Index	G值 G value
CK	0.43±0.02^a	0.06±0.003^bc	3.83±0.12^d	0.13±0.01^b	0.16±0.01^bc	0.012±0.00^a
T₁	0.33±0.02^b	0.06±0.006^bc	5.67±0.44^abc	0.19±0.02^a	0.15±0.01^cd	0.010±0.00^b
T₂	0.41±0.03^a	0.07±0.006^ab	6.17±0.17^a	0.17±0.02^b	0.18±0.01^ab	0.012±0.00^a
T₃	0.28±0.01^b	0.05±0.003^c	5.17±0.44^bc	0.19±0.01^a	0.14±0.01^d	0.008±0.00^b
T₄	0.43±0.02^a	0.08±0.00^a	6.00±0.29^ab	0.19±0.01^a	0.19±0.00^a	0.013±0.00^b
T₅	0.33±0.01^b	0.06±0.003^bc	4.83±0.17^c	0.17±0.01^b	0.14±0.02^cd	0.009±0.00^b

处理 Treatment	地上部干重 Above ground dry weight（g）	地下部干重 Underground dry weight（g）	根体积 Root volume （cm³）	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	壮苗指数 Sound Seedling Index	G值 G value
CK	0.43±0.02^a	0.06±0.003^bc	3.83±0.12^d	0.13±0.01^b	0.16±0.01^bc	0.012±0.00^a
T₁	0.33±0.02^b	0.06±0.006^bc	5.67±0.44^abc	0.19±0.02^a	0.15±0.01^cd	0.010±0.00^b
T₂	0.41±0.03^a	0.07±0.006^ab	6.17±0.17^a	0.17±0.02^b	0.18±0.01^ab	0.012±0.00^a
T₃	0.28±0.01^b	0.05±0.003^c	5.17±0.44^bc	0.19±0.01^a	0.14±0.01^d	0.008±0.00^b
T₄	0.43±0.02^a	0.08±0.00^a	6.00±0.29^ab	0.19±0.01^a	0.19±0.00^a	0.013±0.00^b
T₅	0.33±0.01^b	0.06±0.003^bc	4.83±0.17^c	0.17±0.01^b	0.14±0.02^cd	0.009±0.00^b

处理 Treatment	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar （mg/g）	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein（mg/g）	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids （mg/g）	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a （mg/g）	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b （mg/g）	叶绿素a+b Chlorophyll a+b （mg/g）
CK	7.13±1.42^a	10.00±0.95^a	0.25±0.02^a	0.74±0.04^c	0.19±0.00^b	0.93±0.04^b
T₁	5.36±0.49^a	10.48±1.18^a	0.18±0.02^c	0.89±0.08^bc	0.39±0.03^ab	1.28±0.11^ab
T₂	8.15±0.89^a	11.88±1.01^a	0.19±0.01^bc	1.15±0.16^ab	0.63±0.22^a	1.78±0.38^a
T₃	7.26±0.36^a	11.09±1.34^a	0.21±0.01^bc	1.06±0.05^ab	0.46±0.03^ab	1.53±0.08^a
T₄	6.97±0.89^a	11.19±0.72^a	0.23±0.01^ab	1.20±0.06^a	0.51±0.03^a	1.72±0.08^a
T₅	6.50±0.89^a	10.75±1.02^a	0.22±0.03^abc	1.10±0.07^ab	0.50±0.04^ab	1.60±0.11^a

基质中化肥施入量对番茄幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Rates on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings

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处理 Treatments	氮 N （g/m³）	磷 P₂O₅ （g/m³）	钾 K₂O （g/m³）
CK	0	0	0
T₁	160	36	160
T₂	140	28	140
T₃	120	24	120
T₄	100	20	100
T₅	80	16	80

处理 Treatments	氮 N （g/m³）	磷 P₂O₅ （g/m³）	钾 K₂O （g/m³）
CK	0	0	0
T₁	160	36	160
T₂	140	28	140
T₃	120	24	120
T₄	100	20	100
T₅	80	16	80