蛭石基培养基质育苗性能的评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.017

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 399-406.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.017

• 园艺特产·植物保护·微生物·土壤肥料·节水灌溉 • 上一篇下一篇

蛭石基培养基质育苗性能的评价

尤厚美¹(), 杜佳¹, 罗勇¹, 张祥坤¹, 朱宝林¹, 田维亮¹^,²()

1.塔里木大学化学化工学院, 新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆兵团南疆化工资源利用工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2022-04-30 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-03-31
通信作者: 田维亮(1977-),男,山东莒县人,教授,博士,研究方向为二维纳米材料的制备及性能,(E-mail)twllong@126.com
作者简介:尤厚美(1995-),女,贵州遵义人,硕士研究生,研究方向为层状纳米功能材料,(E-mail)youhoumei061963@163.com
基金资助:
中央引导地科技发展资金(Z135050009017);中央引导地科技发展资金(2022ZY015);塔里木大学创新群体项目(TDZKCQ201901);新疆建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才项目(2020CB019)

Study on the Evaluation of Seedling-raising performance of vermiculite-based Culture Media

YOU Houmei¹(), DU Jia¹, LUO Yong¹, ZHANG Xiangkun¹, ZHU Baolin¹, TIAN Weiliang¹^,²()

1. College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang, Xinjiang Praduction &Construction Corps. Alar Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2022-04-30 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-03-31
Correspondence author: TIAN Weiliang (1977-),male,Professor,Master Instructor,The research interests are the preparation and properties of two-dimensional nanomaterials, the design and synthesis of nano-arrays and their research in the field of electrocatalysis, (E-mail)twllong@126.com
Supported by:
Central Government Guiding Funds for Local Science and Technology Development(Z135050009017);Central Government Guiding Funds for Local Science and Technology Development(2022ZY015);Tarim University innovation group project "South Xinjiang characteristic mineral vermiculite nanocomposite functional materials"(TDZKCQ201901);Xinjiang Construction Corps young and middle-aged scientific and technological innovation leader project "preparation and properties of layered vermiculite nanocomposites"(2020CB019)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究高效无土栽培基质制备方法,研究不同组成对蛭石无土栽培基质的影响规律。【方法】 采用控制变量法,以实际农作物为研究对象,利用蛭石为主要原料,分析蛭石组成、配比与含量、湿度、颗粒及营养液浓度大小对农作物生长状况的影响,制备优质蛭石基培养基质。【结果】 添加有机质复配料更适合农作物的生长;经吸附营养液的蛭石含量为45%最佳;60目培养基质和80%湿度最佳;利用蛭石缓释作用吸附复合肥营养液有助于作物生长;蛭石∶秸秆∶蘑菇料∶甘草料∶珍珠岩的体积比为15∶5∶5∶5∶4最佳。【结论】 利用蛭石的缓释性能,制备的蛭石基培养基质价格低廉,具有良好的育苗效果,推广价值大。

关键词: 蛭石; 无土栽培; 培养基质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the preparation method of efficient soilless culture substrate and to study the effect of different composition on vermiculite soilless culture substrate. 【Methods】 Using the control variable method, taking the actual crops as the investigation object, using vermiculite as the main raw material, the effects of vermiculite composition, ratio and content, humidity, particles and nutrient solution concentration on the growth status of crops were analyzed.High quality vermiculite-based culture matrix was prepared. 【Results】 The addition of organic matter compound ingredients is more suitable for crop growth; the best vermiculite content of adsorbed nutrient solution is 45%; 60 mesh culture medium and 80% humidity are the best; using vermiculite slow-release action to absorb compound fertilizer nutrient solution is helpful to crop growth; the volume ratio of vermiculite: straw: mushroom material: licorice: perlite is the best. 【Conclusion】 The vermiculite-based culture medium prepared by using the slow-release property of vermiculite has low price, good seedling effect and great popularizing value.

Key words: vermiculite; soilless cultivation; culture medium

中图分类号:

S131.2

尤厚美, 杜佳, 罗勇, 张祥坤, 朱宝林, 田维亮. 蛭石基培养基质育苗性能的评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2): 399-406.

YOU Houmei, DU Jia, LUO Yong, ZHANG Xiangkun, ZHU Baolin, TIAN Weiliang. Study on the Evaluation of Seedling-raising performance of vermiculite-based Culture Media[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2): 399-406.

图/表 8

表1 培养基质中各目数所占比例

Table 1 Proportion of each mesh in culture medium

	样品1 Sample 1	60目 60 mesh	100目 100 mesh	120目 120 mesh	160目 160 mesh	180目 180 mesh
质量 Quality	100	66.1357	13.6600	3.5760	4.900	2.5200
百分比 Percen- tage	100%	66.14%	13.66%	3.57%	4.90%	2.52%

表2 培养基质灰分含量和pH

Table 2 Ash content and pH of culture medium

项目 Item	对比样 Contrast	样品1 Sample 1	蘑菇料 Mushroom feed	甘草料 Licorice feed	秸秆 Straw
原重 Original weight (g)	2.000 0	2.000 0	2.000 0	2.000 0	2.000 0
焙烧后 After roastion (g)	1.289 0	0.911 1	1.235 6	0.980 2	0.971 3
灰分 Ash content (%)	64.45	45.56	61.78	49.01	48.57
pH	7.3	7.4	7.0	7.2	7.2

图1 纯料与混合料培养基质下番茄发芽时长和生长态势变化

Fig.1 Effects of pure and mixed culture medium on germination time and growth trend of tomato

图2 不同蛭石含量培养基质下番茄发芽时长和生长态势变化

Fig.2 Effects of different vermiculite contents on germination time and growth trend of tomato

图3 不同目数培养基质下番茄发芽时长和生长态势变化

Fig.3 Effects of different mesh culture media on germination time and growth trend of tomato

图4 不同湿度培养基质下番茄发芽时长和生长态势变化

Fig.4 Effects of different humidity culture medium on germination time and growth trend of tomato

图5 不同营养液浓度下番茄发芽时长和生长态势变化

Fig.5 Effect of different nutrient solution concentration on germination time and growth trend of tomato

图6 复配培养基质与市场培养基质下番茄发芽时长和生长态势变化

Fig.6 Effects of mixed and market culture medium on germination time and growth trend of tomato

参考文献 22

[1]	张英, 徐建华, 李万良. 无土栽培的现状及发展趋势[J]. 农业展望, 2008,(5):40-42.
	ZHANG Ying, XU Jianhua, LI Wanliang. Present Situation and Development Trend of Soilless Culture[J]. Agricultural Outlook, 2008,(5):40-42.
[2]	郭世荣. 固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势[J]. 农业工程学报, 2005,(S2):1-4.
	GUO Shirong. Research Progress, Current Exploitations and Developing Trends of Solid Cultivation Medium[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2005,(S2):1-4.
[3]	孙霞. 无土栽培技术的发展状况及趋势[J]. 中国农机化, 2005,(6):49-52.
	SUN Xia. Development and Trend of Soilless Culture[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2005,(6):49-52.
[4]	李萍萍, 毛罕平, 王多辉, 等. 苇末菇渣在蔬菜基质栽培中的应用效果[J]. 中国蔬菜, 1998,(5):15-18.
	LI Pinpin, MAO Hanpin, WANG Duohui, et al. Effect of Medium Residue from Mushroom Culture as a Soilless Culture Medium of Vegetable Crops[J]. Chinese Vegetables, 1998,(5):15-18.
[5]	汪镜亮. 蛭石的应用及前景[J]. 矿产综合利用, 1996,(3):18-24.
	WANG Jingliang. Application and Prospect of vermiculite[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 1996,(3):18-24.
[6]	霍小旭, 王丽娟, 廖立兵. 新疆尉犁蛭石的物相组成[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2011,(9):1517-1522.
	HUO Xiaoxu, WANG Lijuan, LIAO Libing. Phase Compositions of Vermiculite from Yuli of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2011,(9):1517-1522.
[7]	田维亮, 葛振红. 蛭石功能材料研究进展[J]. 精细化工, 2019, 36(4):541-548.
	TIAN Weiliang, GE Zhenghong. Research Progress on Functional Materials of Vermiculite[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2019, 36(4):541-548.
[8]	Giuliana Vinci, Mattia Rapa. Hydroponic Cultivation: Life Cycle Assessment of Substrate Choice[J]. British Food Journal, 2019, 121(8):1801-1812. DOI
[9]	姚旭, 赵海涛, 颜志俊, 等. 在菇渣育苗基质中添加蛭石对培育番茄幼苗的影响[J]. 江西农业学报, 2016,(4):23-27.
	YAO Xu, ZHAO Haitao, YAN Zhijun, et al. Effects of Adding Vermiculite into Mushroom Residue Substrate on Cultivation of Tomato Seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2016,(4):23-27.
[10]	任志雨, 切岩祥和, 王丽娟, 等. 椰糠与蛭石不同配比在黄瓜无土育苗中的应用[J]. 北方园艺, 2014,(2):53-56.
	REN Zhiyu, KIRIIWA Yoshikazu, WANG Lijuan, et al. Application of Different Formula of Coir Dust and Vermiculite on Raising Cucumber Seedling by Soilless[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2014,(2):53-56.
[11]	李传常, 杨立新, 肖桂雨, 等. 蛭石改型及其功能化研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2017,(4):120-1208.
	LI Chuanchang, YANG Lixin, XIAO Guiyu, et al. Research Advances in the Remodeling and Functionalization of Vermiculite[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2017,(4):120-1208.
[12]	Wang W B, Wang A Q. Vermiculite Nanomaterials: Structure, Properties, and Potential Applications[J]. Nanomaterials from Clay Minerals, 2019,415-484.
[13]	Wan Y, Fan Y, Dan J, et al. A review of Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Natural Clay Vermiculite-Based Nanomaterials[J]. Materials Research Express, 2019, 6(10):1-28.
[14]	毕明明. 改良基质在番茄育苗上的应用[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2016.
	BI Mingming. Modified Substrates Application on Tomato Seedling[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2016.
[15]	刘超杰, 韩莹琰, 杨瑞, 等. 基于草炭和蛭石的混配基质对苦瓜幼苗生长的影响[J]. 北京农学院学报, 2016,(3):33-37.
	LIU Chaojie, HAN Yingyan, YANG Rui, et al. Effects of peat and vermiculite mixed substrate on growth of Momordica charantia seedlings[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture, 2016,(3):33-37.
[16]	赵海涛, 李天鹏, 姚旭, 等. 堆置与添加蛭石对污泥蚓粪培育茄子幼苗的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014,(23):4668-4679. DOI
	ZHAO Haitao, LI Tianpeng, YAO Xu, et al, Effects of vermiculite stacking and vermiculite addition on eggplant seedling cultivation with sludge vermicompost[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014,(23):4668-4679. DOI
[17]	葛婷婷, 李萍萍. 不同基质配比对温室黄瓜生长的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008,(1):184-185,199.
	GE Tingting, LI Pingping. Effects of Different Substrate Proportions on the Growth of Cucumber in the Greenhouse[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2008,(1):184-185,199
[18]	刁清清, 毛碧增. 蘑菇渣处理现状及在农业生产上的应用[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2012,(12):1710-1712.
	DIAO Qingqing, MAO Bizeng. Treatment Status of Mushroom Residue and Its Application in Agricultural Production[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2012,(12):1710-1712.
[19]	周余华, 冯亚颀, 周琴, 等. 不同扦插基质及生长调节剂对美洲扁柏扦插影响[J]. 西部林业科学, 2017,(1):32-37.
	ZHOU Yuhua, FENG Yaqi, ZHOU Qin, et al. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana with Different Cutting Mediums and Growth Regulators[J]. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 2017,(1):32-37.
[20]	朱彦明, 唐徐玮, 姚金澳, 等. 不同栽培基质对三叶菜生长的影响[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2019,(10):74-77.
	ZHU Yanming, TANG Xuewei, YAO Jinao, et al. Effects of Different Cultivation Substrates on Growth of Medicago sativa L.[J]. Journal of Changjiang Vegetables, 2019,(10):74-77.
[21]	王新右. 不同配方栽培基质对日光温室黄瓜生长与生理的影响[D]. 郑州: 甘肃农业大学, 2013.
	WANG Xinyou. Effect of Different substrate Formula on Cucumber Growth and Physiology in Solar Greenhouse[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2013.
[22]	尤厚美, 罗勇, 杜佳, 等. 蛭石基栽培育苗基质构建的研究[J]. 塔里木大学学报, 2020, 32(3):91-98.
	YOU Houmei, LUO Yong, DU Jia, et al. Study on the Construction of Vermiculite-based Cultivation Seedling Substrate[J]. Journal of Tarim University, 2020, 32(3):91-98.

蛭石基培养基质育苗性能的评价

Study on the Evaluation of Seedling-raising performance of vermiculite-based Culture Media

在线阅读

PDF下载

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 8

参考文献 22

相关文章 9

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	刘衍晨, 刘志刚, 白新慧, 乔鹏, 徐诚, 白慧敏, 张娟. 蛭石复混基质对辣椒育苗的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1190-1199.
[2]	牛宁, 郭金芬, 景博, 蒋希瑶, 赵明伟, 刁明. 不同灌溉方式对设施樱桃番茄生长及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2094-2102.
[3]	曹明;杨小锋;黄植;杨光华;张雪彬. 不同类型栽培槽对热带设施甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J]. , 2016, 53(3): 400-406.
[4]	吴海波;胡国智;张永兵;李俊华;熊韬;冯炯鑫. 施肥量对不同基质无土栽培甜瓜生长特性和产量品质的影响[J]. , 2014, 51(8): 1437-1444.
[5]	刁明;冯雪程;喻晓强;朴芳鹤;刘慧英. 不同栽培基质对温室彩椒生长影响的研究[J]. , 2013, 50(2): 273-278.
[6]	蒲胜海;冯广平;李磐;张升;孙晓军;丁峰. 无土栽培基质理化性状测定方法及其应用研究[J]. , 2012, 49(2): 267-272.
[7]	张升;崔元玗;杨华;孙晓军;何伟;贾俊芬;史彩荣;程卫. 设施秋延晚无土基质栽培番茄白粉病的发生及防治[J]. , 2011, 48(2): 369-373.
[8]	马俊义;乔卫新;闫秀玲;王勇;朱晓华;何生丽. 哈密市日光温室哈密瓜无公害无土栽培技术[J]. , 2004, 41(1): 46-49.
[9]	卜崇兴;张艳玲;李宏仁. 发展中的新疆无土栽培业[J]. , 2003, 40(4): 243-246.