摘叶和喷施外源过氧化氢对库尔勒香梨粗皮果形成的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.013

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 889-896.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.013

• 园艺特产·林业·设施农业 • 上一篇下一篇

摘叶和喷施外源过氧化氢对库尔勒香梨粗皮果形成的影响

史智勇¹(), 艾沙江·买买提², 仙米斯娅·塔依甫³, 曹艺洁¹, 玉苏甫·阿不力提甫¹()

1.新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆维吾尔自治区农药检定所,乌鲁木齐 830049

收稿日期:2022-09-10 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-05-06
通信作者: 玉苏甫·阿不力提甫(1969-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,副教授,博士,研究方向为果树栽培与生理,(E-mail)yusufxj@163.com
作者简介:史智勇(1998-),男,河南郑州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树生理及品质调控,(E-mail)272450912@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2019D01A63);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺重点学科(2016-10758-3);新疆农业大学特色林果果实发育与调控创新团队

Study on the induction of rough-skinned fruit formation in Korla fragrant pear

SHI Zhiyong¹(), Aisajan Mamat², Xianmisiya Tayifu³, CAO Yijie¹, Yusuf Ablitif¹()

1. College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Institute of the Control of Agrochemicals of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830049, China

Received:2022-09-10 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-06
Correspondence author: Yusuf Ablitif(1969-), male, Urumqi, Xinjiang, associate Professor, graduate supervisor.Research Fields: fruit tree cultivation and physiology,(E-mail)yusufxj@163.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2019D01A63);Key Horticulture Discipline of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2016-10758-3);Characteristic Forest and Fruit Development and Regulation Innovation Team of Xinjiang Agricultural University

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究库尔勒香梨上可能诱导粗皮果形成的胁迫因子。【方法】基于分析库尔勒香梨粗皮果形成的基础上,对生长期的库尔勒香梨枝条采用50%程度地摘叶、外源喷施250 mmol/L的H₂O₂2种人为逆境处理,在成熟期统计处理枝条上粗皮果率,对不同处理的果实进行组织切片染色,检测生理指标。【结果】库尔勒香梨成熟期对照组的粗皮果比率为18.10%,H₂O₂喷施和摘叶处理的粗皮果率分别为51.93%、29.52%;3组果实中果皮中的木质素含量分别为3.4%、4.9%、3.9%,果肉中的木质素含量分别为1.5%、1.7%、2.0%,2个处理组均提高了库尔勒香梨的粗皮果率以及果实中的木质素含量。H₂O₂喷施后外果皮的丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(H₂O₂和$O^{-}_{2}$)含量显著增加,分别为对照的1.7和2.9倍。与之相应,库尔勒香梨果皮可溶性糖、淀粉等渗透调节物质含量也显著增加,分别为对照的1.3和1.4倍。摘叶处理后库尔勒香梨果肉中可溶性糖、淀粉等渗透调节物质的含量也显著提高,分别为对照组果肉的1.2和2.0倍。【结论】2种人为逆境处理能有效提高粗皮果的比率,并且提高果实内部单位视野中的石细胞数量和木质素含量。其中H₂O₂喷施组主要对库尔勒香梨的果皮部分产生影响;摘叶组主要对库尔勒香梨的果肉部分产生影响。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 粗皮果; 氧化胁迫; 高温复合胁迫

Abstract:

【Objective】This project aims to explore the stress factors that may induce the formation of rough-skinned fruits on Korla fragrant pear. 【Methods】Based on the previous analysis on the formation of rough-skinned fruits, through two artificial stress treatments (leaf picking and exogenous H₂O₂ spraying) were performed on the bearing shoots of Korla fragrant pear in the growth period; The rates of rough-skinned fruits, the tissue section staining and the physiological indexes testing were carried out at the maturity stage. 【Results】The ratio of rough-skinned fruit in the control group, H₂O₂ spraying group and the leaf picking group were 18.10%, 51.93% and 29.52%, respectively. In the three groups, the lignin contents in pericarp were 3.4%, 4.9% and 3.9% respectively, and the lignin contents in pulp were 1.5%, 1.7% and 2.0% respectively. Leaf picking and H₂O₂ spraying increased the rates of rough-skinned fruits and lignin content. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species(H₂O₂ and $O^{-}_{2}$)increased significantly after H₂O₂ spraying, which were 1.7 and 2.9 times of those in the control, respectively. Corresponding to it, the contents of osmoregulation substances such as soluble sugar and soluble starch in the pericarp were 1.3-fold and 1.4-fold higher than those in control group. After leaf picking, the content of soluble sugar, starch and other osmotic regulatory substances in the pear pulp were also significantly increased, which were 1.2 and 2.0 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. 【Conclusion】Both leaf picking and H₂O₂ spraying can effectively induce the formation of rough-skinned fruits by increasing the number of stone cells and lignin content in the fruit. Among them, H₂O₂ spraying group mainly affects the peel part of Korla fragrant pear while leaf picking mainly affects the pulp part.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear; rough-skinned fruit; oxidative stress; combined stress of high temperature and light

中图分类号:

S661.2

史智勇, 艾沙江·买买提, 仙米斯娅·塔依甫, 曹艺洁, 玉苏甫·阿不力提甫. 摘叶和喷施外源过氧化氢对库尔勒香梨粗皮果形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 889-896.

SHI Zhiyong, Aisajan Mamat, Xianmisiya Tayifu, CAO Yijie, Yusuf Ablitif. Study on the induction of rough-skinned fruit formation in Korla fragrant pear[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(4): 889-896.

图/表 8

图1 外源喷施H2O2预试验组

Fig.1 Pre experimental group sprayed with H2O2

图2 库尔勒香梨生长地区1 d的温度和光照注:A图为日光照变化;B图为日温度变化

Fig.2 Daily temperature and light conditions in Korla fragrant pear growing area Note: figure A shows the change of sunlight; Figure B shows the daily temperature change

图3 不同处理组库尔勒香梨果皮的活性氧含量变化注:数据(平均值±标准差)后用不同小写字母表示在P<0.05 差异显著;无标注即代表没有显著性差异,下同

Fig.3 ROS content of Korla fragrant pear pericarp in different treatment groups Note: Values (Mean ± SE) are represented by different small letters with significant difference at P<0.05;And no annotation represents no significant difference,the same as below

图4 库尔勒香梨果实不同处理组丙二醛含量变化注:数据(平均值±标准差)后用不同小写字母表示在P<0.05 差异显著

Fig.4 MDA content of different treatment groups of Korla fragrant pear Note: Values (Mean ± SE) are represented by different small letters with significant difference at P<0.05

图5 库尔勒香梨果实不同处理组内源渗透物质含量变化

Fig.5 Contents of endogenous osmotic substances in Korla fragrant pear fruit of different treatment groups

表1 库尔勒香梨结果枝不同处理组的粗皮果率变化

Tab.1 Rough skin fruits percentage of Korla fragrant pear fruit bearing branches in different treatment groups

实验组名称 Name of experimental group	胁迫类型 Stress type	粗皮果率 Rough skin fruits rate (%)
CK组	对照	18.10±6.94^b
H组	活性氧胁迫	51.93±13.87^a
Y组	光照胁迫	29.52±3.43^ab

图6 库尔勒香梨不同处理组果实石细胞的显微变化注:A~C. CK,H,Y组的果实果皮附近染色图,1、2、3分别为外果皮部位同一切片上的全景扫描图的3个连续片段3段不同部位;a~c.处理组CK,H,Y组的果实果肉部分染色图

Fig.6 Microscopic observation of the stone cell different treatment groups in Korla fragrant pear Note:A-C represents the staining diagram near the fruit peel of CK, H and Y groups. Figures1, 2 and 3 are the three different parts of the same piece respectively. a-c represents staining of fruit pulp in treatment group CK, H and Y, respectively

图7 库尔勒香梨不同处理组果实木质素、纤维素、半纤维素含量变化注:A、B、C分别为果皮、果肉中木质素含量、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量;数据(平均值±标准差)后用不同小写字母表示在P<0.05 差异显著

Fig.7 Cellulose and hemicellulose content of fruits from different treatment groups of Korla fragrant pear Note: A. B and C are lignin content, cellulose content and hemicellulose content in peel and pulp, respectively; Values (Mean ± SE) are represented by different small letters with significant difference at P<0.05

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摘叶和喷施外源过氧化氢对库尔勒香梨粗皮果形成的影响

Study on the induction of rough-skinned fruit formation in Korla fragrant pear

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