滴灌模式和种植密度对棉花叶片衰老特性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.11.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (11): 1972-1982.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.11.002

滴灌模式和种植密度对棉花叶片衰老特性的影响

马卉, 牛玉萍, 夏军, 陈宗奎, 罗宏海

石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2017-07-29 出版日期:2017-11-20 发布日期:2017-12-06
通信作者: 罗宏海(1979-),男,辽宁抚顺人,副教授,博士,研究方向为作物高产生理与节水栽培,(E-mail)luohonghai79@163.com
作者简介:马卉(1993-),女,江苏徐州人,硕士,研究方向为作物高产生理与节水栽培,(E-mail)865220593@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆兵团博士资金专项“基于缺水补偿效应的膜下滴灌棉花高效用水生理调控技术研究”(2014BB009);霍英东教育基金会“干旱区有限灌溉棉花高产的光合生理补偿机制研究”(151030)

Effect of Drip Irrigation Pattern and Planting Density on Leaf Senescence of Cotton

MA Hui, NIU Yu-ping, XIA Jun, CHEN Zong-kui, LUO Hong-hai

Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China

Received:2017-07-29 Online:2017-11-20 Published:2017-12-06
Correspondence author: LUO Hong-hai(1979-), male, native place: Hami, Xinjiang. doctoral student, associate professor. Reserch area: the yield and physiology of crops. (E-mail)luohonghai79@163.com
Supported by:
Doctoral Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps " Physiological regulation and control technology strategy for efficient water use in cotton under mulch drip irrigation based on water deficit compensation effect" (2014BB009) and Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation "Photosynthetic physiological compensation mechanism research for high yield cotton under limited irrigation in arid area" (15030)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同滴灌模式下,种植密度对棉花产量形成期叶片衰老及物质生产的调节作用,为调控滴灌棉花早衰和提高棉花产量提供依据。【方法】选用新陆早45号为试验材料,设置常规滴灌(I₁,600 mm)和有限滴灌(I₂,450 mm),每种滴灌模式下设低密度(D₁,12×10⁴株/hm²)、中密度(D₂,24×10⁴株/hm²)和高密度(D₃,36×10⁴株/hm²),测定了棉花产量形成期叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素含量、保护性酶活性及干物质量的动态变化。【结果】与常规滴灌处理相比,有限滴灌处理棉花LAI降低了17.8%,但盛铃期叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别增加了8.4%、44.7%、12.9%;两处理间干物质累积量无明显差异。随种植密度增加,LAI、干物质累积量及盛铃期可溶性蛋白(Pr)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素含量均呈逐渐增加趋势。相关分析表明,SOD与LAI间呈极显著正相关(r=0.485^**),LAI与生殖器官干重和总干物质重均极显著正相关(r=0.721^**,r=0.859^**)。有限滴灌条件下,高密度处理通过增强盛铃期后叶片叶绿素含量、SOD活性、POD活性和Pr含量,延长LAI高值持续期,最终获得了较高群体总干物质和生殖器官累积量。【结论】有限滴灌条件下,增加种植密度可弥补水分亏缺对棉株生长的负面效应,有利于实现棉花节水高产。

关键词: 棉花; 滴灌方式; 种植密度; 叶片衰老; 物质生产

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the regulation of drip irrigation pattern and planting density on the cotton yield-forming stage of leaf senescence and dry matter production and provide evidence for regulation drip irrigation of cotton premature senescence and increase yield. 【Method】Used Xinluzao 45 as the experimental material, field experiments were conducted with two drip irrigation patterns (I₁, 600 nm and I₂, 450 nm) and three levels of planting densities (D₁, 12×10⁴ plant/hm²; 24×10⁴ plant/hm²; 36×10⁴ plant/hm²). The leaf area index, chlorophyll content, protective enzyme of cotton and dry matter accumulation were measured.【Result】Compared with the conventional drip irrigation, limited drip irrigation treatment of leaf area index(LAI) decreased by 17.8%, but superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and peroxidase activity (POD) increased by 8.4%, 44.7%, 12.9%, respectively. There was not significant difference between the two treatments in dry matter accumulation. With the increase of planting density, LAI, dry matter accumulation as well soluble protein (Pr), malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll content at full boll stage showed a trend of increase gradually. Correlation analysis showed that the SOD was very significant positive correlation between LAI and (r = 0.485^**), LAI and reproductive organs dry and total dry matter were extremely significant positive correlation (r = 0.721^**, r = 0.721^**). Under limited drip irrigation condition, the high density treatment enhanced the leaves chlorophyll content, SOD activity, POD activity and Pr content after full boll stage, and extended LAI maximum duration, which finally achieved the highest total and reproductive dry matter accumulation.【Conclusion】Therefore, under the condition of limited drip irrigation a modest increase in planting density can be used as effective control measures to delay the cotton senescence and increase the production in arid areas.

Key words: cotton; drip irrigation pattern; planting density; leaf senescence; dry matter production

中图分类号:

S562

马卉, 牛玉萍, 夏军, 陈宗奎, 罗宏海. 滴灌模式和种植密度对棉花叶片衰老特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(11): 1972-1982.

MA Hui, NIU Yu-ping, XIA Jun, CHEN Zong-kui, LUO Hong-hai. Effect of Drip Irrigation Pattern and Planting Density on Leaf Senescence of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(11): 1972-1982.

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滴灌模式和种植密度对棉花叶片衰老特性的影响

Effect of Drip Irrigation Pattern and Planting Density on Leaf Senescence of Cotton

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