新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (12): 2921-2931.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.008
• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇 下一篇
曹琦1(), 毛廷勇2, 汪志强2, 万素梅2(), 陈国栋2()
收稿日期:
2023-03-14
出版日期:
2023-12-20
发布日期:
2024-01-03
通信作者:
万素梅(1968-),女,河南商丘人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为旱区农业资源与耕作,(E-mail)wansumei510@163.com;陈国栋(1986-),男,甘肃武威人,副教授,博士,研究方向为作物高产栽培与耕作,(E-mail)296925882@qq.com
作者简介:
曹琦(1985-),女,新疆昌吉人,高级实验师,硕士,研究方向为果树生产与生态农业,(E-mail)443157330@qq.com
基金资助:
CAO Qi1(), MAO Tingyong2, WANG Zhiqiang2, WAN Sumei2(), CHEN Guodong2()
Received:
2023-03-14
Online:
2023-12-20
Published:
2024-01-03
Correspondence author:
WAN Sumei (1968-), female, native place: Shangqiu, Henan Province. doctor, professor research field: agricultural resource management and efficient farming system in arid regions, (E-mail)Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】比较新疆塔里木盆地西北缘单作棉田与2种枣棉间作棉田对生态的改善程度及单位土地面积内的经济效益。【方法】以棉花品种新陆中36号为材料,设置单作棉田(CK)、1膜2行枣棉间作棉田(C1)及1膜4行枣棉间作棉田(C2)。研究不同间作模式对棉田的微环境指标、棉花不同生育期生长、产量以及经济效益的影响。【结果】不同间作模式棉田光强变化为CK>C1>C2;C1、C2的3个冠位CO2总浓度均高于单作棉田;单作棉田的光强、风速、空气及土壤温度均高于2个间作棉田,而空气、土壤湿度均低于2个间作棉田。C2模式棉田的空气、土壤温度、风速明显低于C1,空气及土壤湿度则相反。蕾期-花铃期的棉花各生长指标表现为间作棉田>单作棉田。CK模式棉花产量最高,达到398.00 kg/667m2。净收入表现为C1>C2>CK>CK0,C1模式棉田净收入为2 517.28元/(667m2·a),但收益率(37.96%),排名第2。【结论】最佳枣棉种植模式为1膜2行模式。
中图分类号:
曹琦, 毛廷勇, 汪志强, 万素梅, 陈国栋. 塔里木盆地西北缘不同种植模式棉田微环境及经济效益比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2921-2931.
CAO Qi, MAO Tingyong, WANG Zhiqiang, WAN Sumei, CHEN Guodong. Comparison of microenvironment and economic benefits of cotton fields with different planting patterns in northwest margin of tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(12): 2921-2931.
图1 不同种植模式微环境指标测点示意 注: 代表枣树, 代表棉株。a1~i1为C1种植模式下微环境指标的测点,a2~i2为C2种植模式下微环境指标的测点,a3~i3为CK种植模式下微环境指标的测点。
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of microenvironment index test points under different planting methods Note: represent jujube trees and represent cotton plants.a1-i1 is the measurement point of microenvironmental indicators under C1 planting mode, a2-i2 is the measurement point of microenvironmental indicators under C2 planting mode, and a3-i3 is the measurement point of microenvironmental indicators under CK planting mode.
图2 不同种植模式下棉田光照强度变化 注:不同字母表示不同种植模式间的差异达到5%显著水平,下同
Fig.2 Effects of different planting patterns on light intensity Note: different letters of the superscript indicate that the difference between different planting patterns reaches the significance level of 5%, the same as below
种植模式 Plantation mode | 防风效能 Windproof effect | 相对风速 Relative wind speed | 风速降低值的回归方程 Regression equation of wind speed reducing values | 相关性 Relevance | 预测值的标准差 Standard error of predicting value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 43 | 57 | W = 0.780 4a + 0.674 6 | 0.893 6 | 0.24 |
C2 | 38 | 62 | W = 1.031 5a + 0.220 7 | 0.885 5 | 0.23 |
表1 间作棉田的防风效应比较
Tab.1 Comparison of windbreak effect in intercropped cotton fields
种植模式 Plantation mode | 防风效能 Windproof effect | 相对风速 Relative wind speed | 风速降低值的回归方程 Regression equation of wind speed reducing values | 相关性 Relevance | 预测值的标准差 Standard error of predicting value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 43 | 57 | W = 0.780 4a + 0.674 6 | 0.893 6 | 0.24 |
C2 | 38 | 62 | W = 1.031 5a + 0.220 7 | 0.885 5 | 0.23 |
种植模式 Plantation mode | 生育期 Growth period | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 果枝数 Fruit branch numbers (台) | 蕾数 Number of buds (个) | 花数 Flower Count (朵) | 铃数 Boll number (个) | 产量 Yield (kg/667m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 蕾期 | 24.48±0.84b | 5.13±0.34a | 1.17±0.17b | 1.17±0.17c | 308.00±20.51a | ||
开花期 | 36.78±1.30b | 7.03±0.80b | 4.67±0.17b | 5.83±0.17b | 3.00±0.58b | |||
花铃期 | 46.71±0.86b | 8.49±0.74b | 6.83±0.17b | 7.67±0.44b | 1.17±0.17a | 2.17±0.17a | ||
C2 | 蕾期 | 24.48±0.73b | 5.39±0.33a | 1.83±0.17b | 3.83±0.17a | 332.00±29.24a | ||
开花期 | 37.06±0.53b | 6.70±1.10b | 4.50±0.29b | 5.50±0.29b | 2.00±0.00b | |||
花铃期 | 43.35±1.74b | 7.90±0.66b | 5.83±0.17c | 5.50±0.29c | 1.67±0.44a | 1.83±0.17a | ||
CK | 蕾期 | 27.33±0.70a | 6.21±0.64a | 4.5±0.29a | 2.83±0.17b | 398.00±34.79a | ||
开花期 | 46.36±0.69a | 10.31±0.91a | 5.67±0.17a | 7.50±0.29a | 5.00±0.58a | |||
花铃期 | 71.09±4.20a | 11.00±0.76a | 8.33±0.17a | 10.67±0.44a | 1.33±0.17a | 2.17±0.17a |
表2 不同种植模式下棉田棉花生长及产量变化
Tab.2 Cotton growth and yield changes in cotton fields with different planting patterns
种植模式 Plantation mode | 生育期 Growth period | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 果枝数 Fruit branch numbers (台) | 蕾数 Number of buds (个) | 花数 Flower Count (朵) | 铃数 Boll number (个) | 产量 Yield (kg/667m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 蕾期 | 24.48±0.84b | 5.13±0.34a | 1.17±0.17b | 1.17±0.17c | 308.00±20.51a | ||
开花期 | 36.78±1.30b | 7.03±0.80b | 4.67±0.17b | 5.83±0.17b | 3.00±0.58b | |||
花铃期 | 46.71±0.86b | 8.49±0.74b | 6.83±0.17b | 7.67±0.44b | 1.17±0.17a | 2.17±0.17a | ||
C2 | 蕾期 | 24.48±0.73b | 5.39±0.33a | 1.83±0.17b | 3.83±0.17a | 332.00±29.24a | ||
开花期 | 37.06±0.53b | 6.70±1.10b | 4.50±0.29b | 5.50±0.29b | 2.00±0.00b | |||
花铃期 | 43.35±1.74b | 7.90±0.66b | 5.83±0.17c | 5.50±0.29c | 1.67±0.44a | 1.83±0.17a | ||
CK | 蕾期 | 27.33±0.70a | 6.21±0.64a | 4.5±0.29a | 2.83±0.17b | 398.00±34.79a | ||
开花期 | 46.36±0.69a | 10.31±0.91a | 5.67±0.17a | 7.50±0.29a | 5.00±0.58a | |||
花铃期 | 71.09±4.20a | 11.00±0.76a | 8.33±0.17a | 10.67±0.44a | 1.33±0.17a | 2.17±0.17a |
种植模式 Plantation mode | 产量Yield(kg/667m2) | 总收入 Total Income (元/(667m2·a)) | 成本 Cost (元/(667m2·a)) | 净收入 Net receipt (元/(667m2·a)) | 收益率 Rate of return (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
枣 Jujube | 棉花 Cotton | |||||
C1 | 821.00 | 308.00 | 6 630.60 | 4 113.32 | 2 517.28 | 37.96 |
C2 | 771.00 | 332.00 | 6 577.40 | 5 017.20 | 1 560.20 | 23.72 |
CK | 398.00 | 3 263.60 | 1 937.20 | 1 326.40 | 40.64 | |
CK0 | 900.00 | 4 500.00 | 3 210.05 | 1 289.95 | 28.67 |
表3 不同种植模式棉田经济效益比较
Tab.3 Comparison of economic benefits of cotton fields with different planting patterns
种植模式 Plantation mode | 产量Yield(kg/667m2) | 总收入 Total Income (元/(667m2·a)) | 成本 Cost (元/(667m2·a)) | 净收入 Net receipt (元/(667m2·a)) | 收益率 Rate of return (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
枣 Jujube | 棉花 Cotton | |||||
C1 | 821.00 | 308.00 | 6 630.60 | 4 113.32 | 2 517.28 | 37.96 |
C2 | 771.00 | 332.00 | 6 577.40 | 5 017.20 | 1 560.20 | 23.72 |
CK | 398.00 | 3 263.60 | 1 937.20 | 1 326.40 | 40.64 | |
CK0 | 900.00 | 4 500.00 | 3 210.05 | 1 289.95 | 28.67 |
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