磷肥施用方式对滴灌小麦生长和磷肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.014

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (11): 2712-2718.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.014

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

磷肥施用方式对滴灌小麦生长和磷肥利用效率的影响

陈传信¹^,²(), 张永强¹^,², 聂石辉¹^,², 赛力汗·赛¹^,², 徐其江¹^,², 张宏芝²^,³, 雷钧杰¹^,²()

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091
2.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-02-05 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-07
通信作者: 雷钧杰(1972-), 男, 甘肃古浪人, 研究员, 博士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com
作者简介:陈传信(1988-), 男, 河南商丘人, 助理研究员, 硕士,研究方向为作物高产栽培生理,(E-mail)lixp618@163.com
基金资助:
农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202103);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(2021E01002);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-3-49);农业科技创新稳定支持项目

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application methods on growth and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of drip irrigation wheat

CHEN Chuanxin¹^,²(), ZHANG Yongqiang¹^,², NIE Shihui¹^,², Sailihan Sai¹^,², XU Qijiang¹^,², ZHANG Hongzhi²^,³, LEI Junjie¹^,²()

1. Research Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, MOARA, Urumqi 830091,China
3. Research Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-02-05 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-07
Correspondence author: LEI Junjie (1972-), male, Gansu Province, researcher, doctor, mainly engaged in study on crop yield cultivation,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com
Supported by:
The Open Project of Oasis Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation Key Laboratory(25107020-202103);The Regional Collaborative Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021E01002);"Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station"(CARS-3-49);The Project for Stable Support to Agricultural Sci-Tech Renovation

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同施磷方式对滴灌小麦生长和磷肥利用率的影响,为滴灌小麦磷肥的高效利用提供参考。【方法】 在大田滴灌条件下,以冬小麦品种新冬41号为材料,在等量养分条件下,设置6个磷肥施用方式,F₀:不施磷、F₁:100%基施、F₂:75%基施+25%追施、F₃:50%基施+50%追施、F₄:25%基施+75%追施、F₅:100%追施,分析不同施磷方式对滴灌小麦干物质及养分积累量、产量和磷肥利用率的影响。【结果】 施磷显著增加了小麦的干物质、养分积累量,施磷处理提高了穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,施磷处理的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重分别比F₀处理增加5.93%~23.99%、0.32%~8.76%、1.78%~6.45%,施磷显著提高了产量。不同施磷方式下小麦产量和构成因素存在差异。穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均以F₃处理表现最好,F₃处理产量比F₅处理增加10.21%,且差异显著。F₃处理干物质积累量和养分积累量表现最好。F₃处理的磷肥利用率、磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学效率比F₁处理分别增加11.00%、4.81 kg/kg、4.80 kg/kg。【结论】 F₃处理(50%基施+50%追施)群体产量构成因素表现最好,具有较高的养分积累量和肥料利用率,利于磷肥的高效利用。

关键词: 小麦; 施磷方式; 生长; 磷肥利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different phosphorus application methods on the growth of drip irrigation wheat and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in order to provide reference for the efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer in drip irrigation wheat.【Methods】 Under the condition of field drip irrigation, winter wheat Xindong 41 was used as the experimental material. Under the condition of equal amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, six phosphorus fertilizer application methods were set: F₀: no phosphorus application, F₁:100% basic application, F₂:75% basic application + 25% topdressing, F₃:50% basic application + 50% topdressing, F₄:25% basic application + 75% topdressing and F₅:100% topdressing to study the effects of different phosphorus application methods on dry matter, nutrient accumulation, yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of wheat. 【Results】 Phosphorus application significantly increased the dry matter and nutrient accumulation of wheat and increased the yield. Phosphorus application treatment increased the number of ears, grains per ear and 1,000-grain weight. The number of ears, grains per ear and 1,000-grain weight of phosphorus application treatment increased by 5.93%-23.99%, 0.32%-8.76% and 1.78%-6.45% respectively compared with F₀ treatment. There were differences in wheat yield and components under different phosphorus application treatments. The number of panicles, grains per panicle and 1,000 grain weight of F₃ treatment were the best. The yield of F₃ treatment was 10.21% higher than that of F₅ treatment, and the difference was significant. The phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate, partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of F₃ treatment increased by 11.00%, 4.81 kg/kg and 4.80 kg/kg respectively compared with F₁ treatment. 【Conclusion】 F₃ treatment (50% basal application + 50% topdressing) has the best performance in population yield components and reaches high fertilizer utilization rate.

Key words: wheat; phosphorus application method; growth; utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer

中图分类号:

S512.1

陈传信, 张永强, 聂石辉, 赛力汗·赛, 徐其江, 张宏芝, 雷钧杰. 磷肥施用方式对滴灌小麦生长和磷肥利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2712-2718.

CHEN Chuanxin, ZHANG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Hongzhi, LEI Junjie. Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application methods on growth and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of drip irrigation wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2712-2718.

图/表 5

参考文献 26

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处理 Treat- ment	穗数 The harvesting panicles (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle (个)	千粒重 Grain weight per 1000 grains (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
F₀	412.43^c	41.10^b	46.29^a	6 406.00^e
F₁	463.57^abc	41.60^b	47.27^a	7 045.19^d
F₂	495.80^a	43.17^ab	48.82^a	7 484.76^b
F₃	511.37^a	44.70^a	49.27^a	7 874.31^a
F₄	485.80^ab	42.47^ab	48.84^a	7 378.69^bc
F₅	436.89^bc	41.23^b	47.11^a	7 144.77^cd

处理 Treat- ment	穗数 The harvesting panicles (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle (个)	千粒重 Grain weight per 1000 grains (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
F₀	412.43^c	41.10^b	46.29^a	6 406.00^e
F₁	463.57^abc	41.60^b	47.27^a	7 045.19^d
F₂	495.80^a	43.17^ab	48.82^a	7 484.76^b
F₃	511.37^a	44.70^a	49.27^a	7 874.31^a
F₄	485.80^ab	42.47^ab	48.84^a	7 378.69^bc
F₅	436.89^bc	41.23^b	47.11^a	7 144.77^cd

处理 Treatment	磷肥利用率 REP (%)	磷肥偏生产力 PEPP (kg/kg)	磷肥农学效率 AEP (kg/kg)
F₀	—	—	—
F₁	3.25^e	40.84^d	3.71^c
F₂	10.48^b	43.39^b	6.25^b
F₃	14.25^a	45.65^a	8.51^a
F₄	8.13^c	42.78^bc	5.64^b
F₅	5.58^d	41.42^cd	4.28^c

处理 Treatment	磷肥利用率 REP (%)	磷肥偏生产力 PEPP (kg/kg)	磷肥农学效率 AEP (kg/kg)
F₀	—	—	—
F₁	3.25^e	40.84^d	3.71^c
F₂	10.48^b	43.39^b	6.25^b
F₃	14.25^a	45.65^a	8.51^a
F₄	8.13^c	42.78^bc	5.64^b
F₅	5.58^d	41.42^cd	4.28^c

磷肥施用方式对滴灌小麦生长和磷肥利用效率的影响

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application methods on growth and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of drip irrigation wheat

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参考文献 26

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	N(%)				P₂O₅(%)		K₂O(%)
处理 Treatment	基施 Basic fertilizer	拔节期追施 Topdressing at jointing stage	孕穗期追施 Topdressing at booting stage	开花期追施 Topdressing at anthesis stage	基施 Basic fertilizer	拔节期追施 Topdressing at jointing stage	基施 Basic fertilizer
F₀	38	60	20	20	0	0	100
F₁	38	60	20	20	100	0	100
F₂	38	60	20	20	75	25	100
F₃	38	60	20	20	50	50	100
F₄	38	60	20	20	25	75	100
F₅	38	60	20	20	0	100	100

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