氮水协同对玉米干物质和氮素累积与氮素运移及利用效率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究氮水协同供应对驻玉216品种干物质和氮素累积与分配、氮素运移及利用效率的影响。【方法】 采用裂区试验设计,设置施氮和灌水2个因素,3个灌溉水平W₀(0 m³/hm²)、W₁(750 m³/hm²)、W₂(1 500 m³/hm²);3个施氮水平N₀(0 kg/hm²)、N₁(150 kg/hm²)、N₂(300 kg/hm²)。【结果】 W₂灌水量(1 500 m³/hm²)和N₁施氮量(150 kg/hm²)氮水协同供应下成熟期地上部干物质和氮素积累量、氮素吸收效率最高,W₁灌水量(750 m³/hm²)和N₁施氮量(150 kg/hm²)氮水协同供应有利于干物质和氮素累积向籽粒内运移,提高营养器官氮素运移量,增加籽粒内的分配比重,提高氮素利用效率、氮素运移效率、氮素运移贡献率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力。【结论】 综合籽粒产量与节肥节水因素,灌水量750 m³/hm²、施氮量150 kg/hm²是驻玉216品种灌水施肥最优组合。

关键词: 玉米; 协同供应; 干物质累积与分配; 氮素运移; 利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of nitrogen and water collaborative supply on accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen, nitrogen transport and use efficiency of maize hybrid Zhuyu 216.【Methods】 Split plots experiments on two factors of nitrogen and irrigation were designed, and there were three irrigation levels: W₀ (0 m³/hm²), W₁ (750 m³/hm²) and W₂ (1,500 m³/hm²) and three nitrogen application levels: N₀ (0 kg/hm²), N₁(150 kg/hm²) and N₂(300 kg/hm²).【Results】 The results showed that the accumulation of aboveground dry matter and nitrogen at maturity stage, and nitrogen absorption efficiency were the highest under nitrogen and water collaborative supply of W₂ water (1,500 m³/hm²) and N₁ nitrogen (150 kg/hm²), the collaborative supply of N₁ nitrogen (150 kg/hm²) and W₁ water (750 m³/hm²) was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen migration into grains, which increased the nitrogen transport amount in vegetative organs, enhanced the distribution proportion in grains, and raised nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen transport efficiency, nitrogen transport contribution rate, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity.【Conclusion】 Comprehensively considering the grain yield and fertilizer and water saving factors, the combination of irrigation amount 750 m³/hm² and nitrogen amount 150 kg/hm² was the optimal one for maize hybrid Zhuyu 216 based on the experiment results.

Key words: corn; collaborative supply; dry matter accumulation and distribution; nitrogen transport; use efficiency

中图分类号:

S513

许海涛, 冯晓曦, 许波, 郭海斌, 张军刚, 王成业. 氮水协同对玉米干物质和氮素累积与氮素运移及利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 2957-2968.

XU Haitao, FENG Xiaoxi, XU Bo, GUO Haibin, ZHANG Jungang, WANG Chengye. Effects of Nitrogen and Water Collaborative Supply on Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter and Nitrogen, Nitrogen Transport and Use Efficiency of corn[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2957-2968.

图/表 6

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氮水处理 Nitrogen and water treatment	营养器官氮素运移量 Nitrogen transport amount of vegetative organs(g/株)				营养器官氮素运移率 Nitrogen transport rate of vegetative organs(%)				氮素运移贡献率 Nitrogen transport contribution rate(%)	氮素吸收贡献率 Nitrogen absorption Contribution rate(%)
氮水处理 Nitrogen and water treatment	叶片 Blade	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	穗轴 Cob	营养器官 Vegetative organ	叶片 Blade	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	穗轴 Cob	营养器官 Vegetative organ	氮素运移贡献率 Nitrogen transport contribution rate(%)	氮素吸收贡献率 Nitrogen absorption Contribution rate(%)
W₀N₀	0.13^e	0.02^bc	0.12^abc	0.29^d	40.63^de	10.53^cd	53.85^ab	37.66^a	20.14^c	33.85^d
W₀N₁	0.21^cd	0.01^c	0.13^ab	0.36^bcd	46.67^a	2.33^g	51.85^ab	31.30^c	17.48^d	43.16^c
W₀N₂	0.23^c	0.07^a	0.12^abc	0.38^bc	42.59^cd	12.5^b	40.00^de	29.23^c	17.59^d	43.18^c
W₁N₀	0.27^b	0.02^bc	0.07^c	0.38^bc	46.55^ab	8.33^e	56.25^a	38.78^a	26.76^b	29.21^e
W₁N₁	0.34^a	0.03^bc	0.12^abc	0.49^a	45.33^abc	6.82^f	50.00^bc	34.27^b	19.44^c	43.93^bc
W₁N₂	0.28^b	0.04^b	0.17^a	0.42^abc	43.75^bc	9.30^de	37.04^ef	31.34^c	17.57^d	46.22^b
W₂N₀	0.28^b	0.03^bc	0.11^bc	0.43^ab	46.67^a	11.54^bc	52.17^ab	39.45^a	28.86^a	28.37^e
W₂N₁	0.29^b	0.04^b	0.12^abc	0.43^ab	40.85^de	8.89^e	45.45^cd	31.16^c	16.73^d	44.44^bc
W₂N₂	0.19^d	0.09^a	0.13^ab	0.34^cd	38.78^e	19.57^a	31.58^f	29.82^c	13.39^e	49.10^a

氮水处理 Nitrogen and water treatment	营养器官氮素运移量 Nitrogen transport amount of vegetative organs(g/株)				营养器官氮素运移率 Nitrogen transport rate of vegetative organs(%)				氮素运移贡献率 Nitrogen transport contribution rate(%)	氮素吸收贡献率 Nitrogen absorption Contribution rate(%)
氮水处理 Nitrogen and water treatment	叶片 Blade	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	穗轴 Cob	营养器官 Vegetative organ	叶片 Blade	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	穗轴 Cob	营养器官 Vegetative organ	氮素运移贡献率 Nitrogen transport contribution rate(%)	氮素吸收贡献率 Nitrogen absorption Contribution rate(%)
W₀N₀	0.13^e	0.02^bc	0.12^abc	0.29^d	40.63^de	10.53^cd	53.85^ab	37.66^a	20.14^c	33.85^d
W₀N₁	0.21^cd	0.01^c	0.13^ab	0.36^bcd	46.67^a	2.33^g	51.85^ab	31.30^c	17.48^d	43.16^c
W₀N₂	0.23^c	0.07^a	0.12^abc	0.38^bc	42.59^cd	12.5^b	40.00^de	29.23^c	17.59^d	43.18^c
W₁N₀	0.27^b	0.02^bc	0.07^c	0.38^bc	46.55^ab	8.33^e	56.25^a	38.78^a	26.76^b	29.21^e
W₁N₁	0.34^a	0.03^bc	0.12^abc	0.49^a	45.33^abc	6.82^f	50.00^bc	34.27^b	19.44^c	43.93^bc
W₁N₂	0.28^b	0.04^b	0.17^a	0.42^abc	43.75^bc	9.30^de	37.04^ef	31.34^c	17.57^d	46.22^b
W₂N₀	0.28^b	0.03^bc	0.11^bc	0.43^ab	46.67^a	11.54^bc	52.17^ab	39.45^a	28.86^a	28.37^e
W₂N₁	0.29^b	0.04^b	0.12^abc	0.43^ab	40.85^de	8.89^e	45.45^cd	31.16^c	16.73^d	44.44^bc
W₂N₂	0.19^d	0.09^a	0.13^ab	0.34^cd	38.78^e	19.57^a	31.58^f	29.82^c	13.39^e	49.10^a

氮水处理 Nitrogen and water treatment	氮素利用效率 Nitrogen use efficiency (kg/kg)	氮素吸收效率 Nitrogen absorption efficiency (kg/kg)	氮肥农学效率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial productivity (kg/kg)
W₀N₁	54.89^a	1.43^b	9.76^c	56.54^b
W₁N₁	53.70^ab	1.73^a	18.59^a	67.66^a
W₂N₁	51.76^b	1.85^a	13.86^b	66.51^a
W₀N₂	54.98^a	0.77^c	6.30^e	29.69^d
W₁N₂	55.05^a	0.83^c	8.36^e	32.89^c
W₂N₂	51.12^b	0.84^c	6.14^e	32.46^c

氮水处理 Nitrogen and water treatment	氮素利用效率 Nitrogen use efficiency (kg/kg)	氮素吸收效率 Nitrogen absorption efficiency (kg/kg)	氮肥农学效率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial productivity (kg/kg)
W₀N₁	54.89^a	1.43^b	9.76^c	56.54^b
W₁N₁	53.70^ab	1.73^a	18.59^a	67.66^a
W₂N₁	51.76^b	1.85^a	13.86^b	66.51^a
W₀N₂	54.98^a	0.77^c	6.30^e	29.69^d
W₁N₂	55.05^a	0.83^c	8.36^e	32.89^c
W₂N₂	51.12^b	0.84^c	6.14^e	32.46^c