微波消解-ICP-AES法测定新疆玉米矿物元素含量及主成分分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆地区玉米籽粒中矿物元素的含量,为提高新疆玉米营养品质及加工品质提供理论依据。【方法】采集新疆地区23份玉米籽粒样品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法分析钙、铁、锌、镁、磷等5种元素的含量,运用SPSS软件进行主成分分析和相关性分析。【结果】23份新疆玉米籽粒品种镁的含量变动范围为92.65~138.26 mg/100g,磷的含量变动范围为158.91~282.71 mg/100g,钙的含量变动范围为8.22~17.15 mg/100g,锌的含量变动范围为0.84~1.95 mg/100g,铁的含量的变动范围为0.36~1.29 mg/100g。【结论】矿物元素综合得分由高到低依次为登海8883>新玉54号>新玉9号>2564>新玉47号>新玉80号>新玉87号>新玉84号>新玉41号>3376>农润919> KX9384>禾玉187>新玉60号> M753>新玉74号>新玉59号>新玉29号>9384>335>新玉77号>新玉13号>新玉65号。

关键词: 玉米; 矿物元素; ICP-AES; 主成分分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the mineral elements of different maize cultivars in the hope of providing theoretical basis for improving the nutrition quality and processing quality of maize cultivars of Xinjiang. 【Method】 In this study, 23 samples of maize cultivars in Xinjiang were collected, and the contents of five elements including calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium and phosphorus were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) method, and the principal component analysis and correlation analysis were conducted with SPSS software. 【Result】 The results showed that the content of calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium and phosphorus were 8.22-17.15 mg/100g, 0.36-1.29 mg/100g, 0.84-1.95 mg/100g, 92.65-138.26 mg/100g and 158.91-282.71 mg/100g, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis results indicated that the quality of 23 maize cultivars was different: the order from high to low, Denghai 8883>Xinyu 54> Xinyu 9>2564> Xinyu 47> Xinyu 80> Xinyu 87> Xinyu 84 > Xinyu 41 >3376>Nongrun 919> KX9384>Heyu 187> Xinyu 60> M753> Xinyu 74 > Xinyu 59> Xinyu 29>9384>335> Xinyu 77> Xinyu 13> Xinyu 65.

Key words: maize cultivars; mineral elements analysis; ICP-AES; principal component analysis

中图分类号:

TS207.3

毛红艳, 于明, 祖力皮牙·买买提. 微波消解-ICP-AES法测定新疆玉米矿物元素含量及主成分分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5): 1270-1276.

MAO Hongyan, YU Ming, Zulipya Maimaiti. Determination of Mineral Elements in Maize Cultivars by Microwave Digestion/ICP-AES and Principal Component Analysis[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(5): 1270-1276.

图/表 6

表1 玉米籽粒中矿质元素含量变化

Table 1 The content of mineral elements in maize cultivars

名称Name	Ca(mg/100g)	Fe(mg/100g)	Mg(mg/100g)	P(mg/100g)	Zn(mg/100g)
3376	12.42	1.01	109.54	212.82	1.19
9384	12.01	0.89	106.03	186.38	1.14
新玉59号Xinyu59	9.01	0.67	106.00	193.88	1.05
2 564	12.76	0.62	125.11	224.75	1.08
KX9384	11.42	0.76	113.43	206.21	1.28
新玉54号Xinyu 54	12.56	0.87	131.14	233.22	1.60
登海8883Denghai 8883	14.44	1.04	138.26	282.71	1.04
新玉47号Xinyu 47	8.91	0.93	123.26	226.13	1.57
M753	17.15	1.05	113.32	190.00	1.77
新玉74号Xinyu 74	14.44	1.02	99.64	195.94	1.35
新玉41号Xinyu 41	12.44	1.06	120.06	209.63	1.56
禾玉187Heyu187	15.76	0.86	116.17	194.89	1.16
新玉60号Xinyu 60	11.23	1.29	119.29	197.94	1.28
新玉84号Xinyu84	15.21	0.97	108.35	220.17	1.57
新玉80号Xinyu 80	11.94	1.18	113.30	232.75	1.53
新玉87号Xinyu 87	11.83	1.29	116.77	217.30	1.95
农润919Nongrun919	10.51	1.00	112.58	211.63	1.06
335	9.62	0.93	107.62	179.22	1.15
新玉65号Xinyu 65	8.71	0.88	92.65	158.91	0.84
新玉77号Xinyu 77	10.50	0.53	99.27	172.13	1.11
新玉9号Xinyu 9	10.21	1.15	123.84	245.18	1.36
新玉29号Xinyu 29	8.81	0.54	108.98	189.84	1.41
新玉13号Xinyu13	8.22	0.36	94.33	171.08	1.28

表2 玉米品种元素含量表现及变异程度

Table 2 Expression and variation of elements in maize varieties

矿质元素 Mineral element	平均值 Average (mg/100g)	最大值 Maximum (mg/100g)	最小值 Minimum (mg/100g)	极差 Range (mg/100g)	变异系数 Variable coefficient (%)
P	206.64	282.71	158.91	123.8	13.33
Mg	113.00	138.26	92.65	45.61	9.91
Ca	11.74	17.15	8.22	8.93	20.75
Zn	1.32	1.95	0.84	1.11	20.33
Fe	0.91	1.29	0.36	0.93	26.43

表3 相关系数矩阵

Table 3 Correlation coemcient matrix

矿质元素 Mineral element	Ca	Fe	Mg	P	Zn
Ca	1	0.377	0.328	0.32	0.305
Fe		1	0.403	0.438^*	0.397
Mg			1	0.85 $9 * *$	0.268
P				1	0.239
Zn					1

表3 相关系数矩阵

Table 3 Correlation coemcient matrix

矿质元素 Mineral element	Ca	Fe	Mg	P	Zn
Ca	1	0.377	0.328	0.32	0.305
Fe		1	0.403	0.438^*	0.397
Mg			1	0.85 $9 * *$	0.268
P				1	0.239
Zn					1

表4 数据相关阵的特征值及方差

Table 4 Characteristic value and varialice of data correlation matrix

主成分 Principal Compo nent	特征值 Eigenv alues	方差贡献率 Contribu tionrate (%)	积累方差贡献率 Cumulative contribution (%)
1	2.618	52.352	52.352
2	0.993	19.857	72.209
3	0.69	13.801	86.01
4	0.561	11.215	97.226
5	0.139	2.774	100

表5 因子载荷矩阵

Table 5 The factor loading matrix

主成分 Principal Compo nent	Ca	Fe	Mg	P	Zn
1	0.61	0.717	0.843	0.844	0.555
2	0.37	0.283	-0.447	-0.46	0.604
3	0.683	-0.097	-0.06	-0.51	-0.456
4	0.157	-0.629	0.138	0.057	0.344

表6 主因子和综合主因子得分

Table 6 The score of main factors and comprehensive main factor

名称Name	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F	Order
3 376	280.92	-141.26	-107.26	29.20	106.02	10
9 384	255.28	-127.75	-93.82	27.19	97.05	19
新玉59号Xinyu59	259.55	-132.41	-99.63	27.20	97.53	17
2 564	303.98	-153.76	-113.96	32.29	114.92	4
KX9384	277.89	-140.35	-104.83	29.37	104.99	12
新玉54号Xinyu 54	316.56	-160.04	-119.04	33.59	119.63	2
登海8883Denghai 8883	365.28	-185.58	-143.19	37.43	136.90	1
新玉47号Xinyu 47	301.73	-154.60	-117.44	31.41	112.99	5
M753	268.09	-130.34	-92.90	29.42	103.57	15
新玉74号Xinyu 74	259.66	-128.23	-96.76	27.27	98.83	16
新玉41号Xinyu 41	287.35	-144.25	-106.43	30.57	109.03	9
禾玉187Heyu187	273.28	-134.80	-96.21	29.76	104.95	13
新玉60号Xinyu 60	276.11	-139.08	-101.15	29.34	104.83	14
新玉84号Xinyu84	288.00	-142.86	-109.21	30.09	109.21	8
新玉80号Xinyu 80	300.92	-152.03	-118.16	30.78	112.92	6
新玉87号Xinyu 87	291.06	-146.23	-110.77	30.43	109.94	7
农润919Nongrun919	281.24	-142.86	-108.09	29.18	105.75	11
335	249.16	-126.03	-91.91	26.56	94.41	20
新玉65号Xinyu 65	218.63	-110.53	-81.12	23.10	82.77	23
新玉77号Xinyu 77	236.36	-118.85	-87.13	25.40	89.73	21
新玉9号Xinyu 9	319.14	-163.21	-126.23	32.60	119.22	3
新玉29号Xinyu 29	258.64	-131.78	-98.04	27.55	97.44	18
新玉13号Xinyu13	229.90	-116.94	-87.92	24.42	86.54	22

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