3种植物提取物对小麦茎秆性状、光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 1068-1076.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.004

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

3种植物提取物对小麦茎秆性状、光合特性及产量的影响

郑瑞明¹^,²(), 周小云²^,³, 李进²^,³, 张军高²^,³, 陈勇³, 马德英¹, 梁晶²^,³, 龚静云²^,³, 雷斌²^,³()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-10-11 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-06-09
通信作者: 雷斌
作者简介:郑瑞明(1996-),男,安徽合肥人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农作物化控技术与产品,(E-mail) 196685079@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区天山创新团队计划(2020D14001);天山雪松计划(2020XS16);自治区乡村振兴项目(2020NC018)

Effects of Three Methanol Extracts from Plant on Stem Properties,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Wheat

ZHENG Ruiming¹^,²(), ZHOU Xiaoyun²^,³, LI Jin²^,³, ZHANG Jungao²^,³, CHENG Yong³, MA Deying¹, LIANG Jing²^,³, GONG Jingyun²^,³, LEI Bin²^,³()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2021-10-11 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-06-09
Correspondence author: LEI Bin
Supported by:
Tianshan Innovation Team Project(2020D14001);Tianshan Cedar Program Project(2020XS16);Rural Revitalization Project(2020NC018)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究苦豆子(Sophraalopecuroides)、孜然(Cuminum cyminum)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)3种植物甲醇提取物对小麦的生长调节作用,为新型植物源生长调节剂的研制提供依据。【方法】选用春小麦品种新春44号为材料,以清水处理为对照,将苦豆子、孜然和苦草甲醇提取物浸膏分别制备成3种不同浓度(1%、0.1%、0.01%)的溶液,于小麦拔节前期连续喷施3次,分析小麦株高等茎秆性状、光合特性及产量等相关指标的影响;采用主成分分析法,筛选并评价植物提取物的生物活性。【结果】0.01%苦豆子甲醇提取物处理后,小麦基部第1、2、3节间长度分别降低27.8%、13.4%、4.5%;茎粗分别增加9.4%、16.1%、14.3%;基部3节IAA含量提高16.2%;基部3节ABA含量降低7.9%;株高降低5.6%;旗叶净光合速率增加3.9%;旗叶SPAD值增加6.2%;千粒重、籽粒重量、容重分别增加2.8%、24.7%和3.6%。0.01%苦豆子处理效果显著优于其他处理组。【结论】苦豆子、孜然和苦草3种低浓度甲醇提取物对小麦均具有不同程度的生长调控作用,能缩短节间长度和增加茎粗,增强小麦抗倒伏能力,降低小麦株高的作用,改善田间的通风透光条件,提高旗叶光合作用,提高光能利用率和作物产量。0.01%苦豆子处理效果最优,0.01%孜然甲醇提取物次之。

关键词: 甲醇提取物; 小麦; 茎秆性状; 光合特性; 主成分

Abstract:

【Objective】 To evaluate the growth regulating activities of methanol extracts from Sophraalopecuroides, Cuminum cyminum and Vallisneria natans on wheat so as to provide experimental and theoretical basis for the development of new plant-derived growth regulators. 【Methods】 Spring wheat variety Xinchun 44 was used as experimental material with water treatment as control; The wheat was sprayed three times in the early stage of wheat jointing by the methanol extracts from Sophraalopecuroides, Cuminum cyminum and Vallisneria natans and prepared into three different solutions with concentrations (1%, 0.1% and 0.01%), respectively. After that, the effects of higher stem properties, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat were analyzed and the extracts with good effect were screened and evaluated by principal component analysis. 【Results】 Compared with the control, after treatment with 0.01% methanol extracts from Vallisneria natans, the length of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd internodes in the base of wheat were decreased by 27.80%, 13.40% and 4.50%, respectively; The stem diameter were increased by 10.30%, 16.10% and 14.30% respectively; The content of IAA in basal 3 sections was increased by 16.16%; The content of ABA in basal 3section was decreased by 7.89%; Plant height was decreased by 5.60%; The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves was increased by 3.90%; The SPAD value of flag leaves was increased by 6.20%; 1,000-grain weight, grain weight and bulk density were increased by 2.82%, 24.69% and 3.64%, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the effect of the treatment with 0.01% methanol extracts from Vallisneria natans was significantly better than those of other treatment groups. 【Conclusion】 Three low concentration methanol extracts from Sophraalopecuroides, Cuminum cyminum and Vallisneria natans have different growth regulation effects on wheat, which can shorten the internode length and increase the stem diameter, can enhance the lodging resistance of wheat, can also reduce the plant height of wheat, and can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field thus improving the photosynthesis of flag leaves, the utilization rate of light energy as well as the yield of crops. Among them, the treatment effect of 0.01% methanol extracts from Vallisneria natans is the best.

Key words: methanol extract; wheat; analysis of the main ingredients; plant on stem properties; photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S513

郑瑞明, 周小云, 李进, 张军高, 陈勇, 马德英, 梁晶, 龚静云, 雷斌. 3种植物提取物对小麦茎秆性状、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5): 1068-1076.

ZHENG Ruiming, ZHOU Xiaoyun, LI Jin, ZHANG Jungao, CHENG Yong, MA Deying, LIANG Jing, GONG Jingyun, LEI Bin. Effects of Three Methanol Extracts from Plant on Stem Properties,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(5): 1068-1076.

图/表 7

图1 不同处理下小麦基部节间长变化注:不同小写字母表示处理间在P<0.05水平上差异显著。CK:清水作为对照;S1:0.01%苦豆子甲醇提取物;S2:0.1%苦豆子甲醇提取物;S3:1%苦豆子甲醇提取物;S4:0.01%孜然甲醇提取物;S5:0.1%孜然甲醇提取物;S6:1%孜然甲醇提取物;S7:0.01%苦草甲醇提取物;S8:0.1%苦草甲醇提取物;S9:1%苦草甲醇提取物,下同

Fig.1 Comparison of basal internode length in Wheat Note: Different lowercase letters in the picture indicate that there is significant difference between treatments at P<0.05. CK: water as a control group; S1: 0.01% methanol extraction from Sophra alopecuroides; S2: 0.1% methanol extraction from Sophra alopecuroides; S3: 1% methanol extraction from Sophra alopecuroides; S4: 0.01% methanol extraction from Cuminum cyminum; S5: 0.1% methanol extraction from Cuminum cyminum; S6: 1% methanol extraction from Cuminum cyminum; S7: 0.01% methanol extraction from Vallisneria natans; S8: 0.1% methanol extraction from Vallisneria natans; S9: 1% methanol extraction from Vallisneria natans. The same as below

图2 不同处理下小麦基部节间茎粗变化

Fig.2 Comparison of stem diameter of basal internodes in Wheat

图3 不同处理下小麦株高变化

Fig.3 Comparison of height of the strains in Wheat

图4 不同处理下小麦基部节间内源激素含量变化

Fig.4 Comparison of endogenous hormone contents in basal internodes in Wheat

表1 不同处理下小麦旗叶光合特性变化

Table 1 Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves in Wheat

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Pn (μmol/(m²·S))	蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol/(m²·S))	气孔导度 Gs (mol/(m²·S))	胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci (μmol/L)	气孔限制值 Stomatal limiation	SPAD值 SPAD value
CK	14.9±1.2^a	9.3±0.7^a	19.4±2.3^a	315.7±15.7^a	0.2^a	50.7±0.6^a
S₁	15.5±1.1a	9.7±0.8^a	21.9±3.0^a	322.3±30.0^a	0.2^a	54.1±1.8^a
S₂	14.9±1.1^b	9.0±0.7^a	19.3±3.5^b	310.3±25.0^c	0.2^a	49.9±1.0^b
S₃	13.2±1.2^c	9.0±0.9^a	18.3±3.2^c	310.5±23.8^c	0.2^a	48.2±1.0^b
S₄	15.0±1.1^b	9.3±0.7^a	20.7±3.6^b	316.2±18.6^b	0.2^a	48.0±1.5^b
S₅	14.8±1.2^b	9.1±0.7^a	19.6±3.0^b	314.6±10.8^b	0.2^a	49.9±0.9^b
S₆	14.0±1.1^c	9.2±0.7^a	18.5±4.1^c	310.6±23.6^b	0.2^a	48.9±1.9^b
S₇	15.0±1.1^b	9.7±0.7^a	20.3±4.3^b	318.8±17.0^b	0.2^a	48.6±1.5^b
S₈	14.9±1.1^b	9.3±0.8^a	19.6±3.4^b	314.3±16.9^b	0.2^a	47.6±1.4^b
S₉	14.3±1.1^c	9.4±0.7^a	18.8±2.5^c	314.5±28.6^b	0.2^a	47.8±1.5^b

表2 小麦产量及产量构成因素比较

Table 2 Comparison of yield and yield components in Wheat

处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grain number (粒)	籽粒重量 Seed weight (g)	千粒重 1,000 -grain weight (g)	容重 Density (g/L)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (kg/hm²)
CK	31.3±2.6^b	32.0±0.1^b	49.6±1.3^b	810.3±5.5^b	5 449.9±13.4^b
S₁	34.5±2.6^a	39.9±1.4^a	51.0±1.4^a	839.8±6.5^a	6 204.8±13.6^a
S₂	33.5±2.9^b	34.3±1.4^b	49.9±1.8^b	821.8±6. $8 a b$	5 895.1±25.2^b
S₃	29.0±2. $1 b c$	28.9±0.8^b	49.7±1.3^b	812.2±6. $9 a b$	5 082.2±22.7^b
S₄	34.00±2. $8 a b$	35.5±1.5^a	50.4±1. $7 a b$	837.0±4. $3 a b$	6 042.9±24.8^ab
S₅	33.00±2.4^b	34.6±0. $2 a b$	50.0±1. $2 a b$	812.3±1. $6 a b$	5 818.3±12.9^b
S₆	27.0±2.3^d	26.0±0.2^c	49.1±1.2^b	818.0±8. $1 a b$	4 674.8±22.8^d
S₇	30.7±2. $3 b c$	31.5±1.2^b	49.6±1.4^b	809.8±2. $8 a b$	5 345.3±33.2^bc
S₈	32.5±2.4^b	30.9±0. $5 b c$	50.0±1. $2 a b$	817.8±5. $0 a b$	5 730.4±22.9^b
S₉	29.0±2.2^bc	26.8±1.7^c	49.0±1.3^b	814.5±5. $1 a b$	5 010.8±12.9^bc

表2 小麦产量及产量构成因素比较

Table 2 Comparison of yield and yield components in Wheat

处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grain number (粒)	籽粒重量 Seed weight (g)	千粒重 1,000 -grain weight (g)	容重 Density (g/L)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (kg/hm²)
CK	31.3±2.6^b	32.0±0.1^b	49.6±1.3^b	810.3±5.5^b	5 449.9±13.4^b
S₁	34.5±2.6^a	39.9±1.4^a	51.0±1.4^a	839.8±6.5^a	6 204.8±13.6^a
S₂	33.5±2.9^b	34.3±1.4^b	49.9±1.8^b	821.8±6. $8 a b$	5 895.1±25.2^b
S₃	29.0±2. $1 b c$	28.9±0.8^b	49.7±1.3^b	812.2±6. $9 a b$	5 082.2±22.7^b
S₄	34.00±2. $8 a b$	35.5±1.5^a	50.4±1. $7 a b$	837.0±4. $3 a b$	6 042.9±24.8^ab
S₅	33.00±2.4^b	34.6±0. $2 a b$	50.0±1. $2 a b$	812.3±1. $6 a b$	5 818.3±12.9^b
S₆	27.0±2.3^d	26.0±0.2^c	49.1±1.2^b	818.0±8. $1 a b$	4 674.8±22.8^d
S₇	30.7±2. $3 b c$	31.5±1.2^b	49.6±1.4^b	809.8±2. $8 a b$	5 345.3±33.2^bc
S₈	32.5±2.4^b	30.9±0. $5 b c$	50.0±1. $2 a b$	817.8±5. $0 a b$	5 730.4±22.9^b
S₉	29.0±2.2^bc	26.8±1.7^c	49.0±1.3^b	814.5±5. $1 a b$	5 010.8±12.9^bc

表3 主成分比较

Table 3 Comparison of principal component analysis

处理 Treat ment	因子 Factors		F₁	F₂	F	排序 Order
处理 Treat ment	Factor 1	Factor 2	F₁	F₂	F	排序 Order
CK	-0.46	0.16	-1.52	0.21	-1.26	7
S₁	1.59	-0.35	5.20	-0.48	4.35	1
S₂	-0.01	1.32	-0.02	1.81	0.26	4
S₃	-1.12	-0.52	-3.66	-0.72	-3.22	9
S₄	0.32	1.92	1.06	2.62	1.29	2
S₅	0.07	0.53	0.22	0.72	0.30	3
S₆	-1.14	-1.16	-3.73	-1.58	-3.41	10
S₇	-0.06	-0.52	-0.20	-0.72	-0.28	5
S₈	-0.15	0.52	-0.50	0.71	-0.32	6
S₉	-0.95	-0.61	-3.10	-0.83	-2.76	8

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3种植物提取物对小麦茎秆性状、光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Three Methanol Extracts from Plant on Stem Properties,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Wheat

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