镉胁迫对3种植物生长及镉吸收和积累的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究镉胁迫对作物生长及富集特性的影响,探寻更适宜修复镉污染的植物。【方法】设计水培试验,以德高小白菜、新陆早42号棉花、野生龙葵为供试材料,人工模拟不同浓度镉胁迫条件,测定不同浓度镉胁迫下3种植物生长、镉吸收与积累。【结果】(1)镉胁迫下,棉花株高生长显著受到抑制;随镉胁迫浓度的增加,龙葵及棉花生物量下降尤为显著。(2)各处理下,棉花和小白菜地下部镉含量大于地上部,根系表现出较强的耐性与镉吸收能力;龙葵在低浓度镉(10和20 mg/kg)处理下地上部镉含量大于地下部,此时,根至茎叶表现出较强的镉转移能力。(3)高浓度镉胁迫下,龙葵的镉积累能力高于小白菜和棉花。【结论】镉胁迫下,小白菜生长无显著抑制。镉处理浓度分别为5、3.5和50 mg/kg时,对应的小白菜、棉花和龙葵镉积累量达到最大。3种植物对镉污染的修复能力表现为龙葵>小白菜>棉花。

关键词: 镉污染; 小白菜; 棉花; 龙葵; 植物镉积累

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to study the effect of cadmium stress on the growth and enrichment characteristics of crops and seek more suitable plants for remediation of cadmium pollution. 【Methods】 In this study, hydroponic experiments were designed to determine the growth, cadmium absorption and accumulation of three plants under different concentrations of cadmium stress using Degao pakchoi, Xinluzao 42 cotton and wild solanum nigrum as test materials.【Results】 (1) under cadmium stress, the plant height growth of cotton was significantly inhibited; with the increase of cadmium stress concentration, the biomass of solanum nigrum and cotton decreased significantly. (2) Under each individual treatment, the cadmium content in the underground part of cotton and pakchoi was higher than that in the aboveground part, and the root showed strong tolerance and cadmium absorption capacity; under the low concentration of cadmium (10 and 20 mg / kg), the cadmium content in the aboveground part of solanum nigrum was higher than that in the underground part, and at this time, the cadmium transfer capacity from root to stem and leaf was strong. (3) The cadmium accumulation ability of solanum nigrum was higher than that of pakchoi and cotton under high cadmium stress. 【Conclusion】 Under cadmium stress, the growth of pakchoi was not significantly inhibited. When the cadmium concentration was 5, 3.5 and 50 mg /kg respectively, the corresponding cadmium accumulation of pakchoi, cotton and solanum nigrum reached the maximum. The remediation ability of the three plants to cadmium pollution is as follows: solanum nigrum >pakchoi> cotton.

Key words: cadmium pollution; pakchoi; cotton; solanum nigrum; cadmium accumulation in plants

中图分类号:

陈丽丽, 田爽, 鲁伟丹, 李俊华, 孙奔奔. 镉胁迫对3种植物生长及镉吸收和积累的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 1009-1015.

CHEN Lili, TIAN Shuang, LU Weidan, LI Junhua, SUN Benben. Effects of Cadmium Stress on Growth in Three Plants and Cadmium Uptake and Its Accumulation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 1009-1015.

图/表 6

表1 水培3种植物镉胁迫浓度

Table 1 Cadmium stress concentration of three plants in Hydroponics

作物 Crops
作物 Crops	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄	T₅
龙葵 Solanum nigrum	0	10	20	25	50	100
小白菜 Chinese cabbage	0	1	2.5	5	10	15
棉花 cotton	0	3.5	7	14	21	28

图1 不同镉浓度下3种植物株高变化注: 不同小写字母代表不同处理差异显著性(P<0. 05),下同

Fig.1 Effect of cadmium concentration on plant height of three plants Note: Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05).the same as below

表2 3种植物地上部及地下部生物量变化

Table 2 Aboveground and root biomass changes of three plants

处理 Treatments	地下部生物量Underground biomass			地上部生物量Aboveground biomass
处理 Treatments	小白菜 Chinese cabbage	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	棉花 cotton	小白菜 Chinese cabbage	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	棉花 Cotton
CK	0.93±0.03^a	0.90±0.04^a	1.20±0.06^a	1.96±0.0 $5 a b$	1.35±0.04^a	1.69±0.07^a
T₁	0.97±0.06^a	0.90±0.02^b	1.00±0.04^b	1.39±0.27^b	1.30±0.0 $2 a b$	1.53±0.03^b
T₂	0.95±0.05^a	0.86±0.01^b	0.95±0.03^b	2.39±0.41^a	1.27±0.0 $2 a b$	1.51±0.02^b
T₃	0.92±0.01^a	0.87±0.01^b	0.93±0.01^b	2.24±0.09^a	1.12±0.0 $2 b c$	1.46±0.08^b
T₄	0.92±0.03^a	0.83±0.01^c	0.73±0.01^c	2.14±0.09^a	1.05±0.04^c	1.45±0.04^b
T₅	0.95±0.04^a	0.84±0.01^c	0.64±0.01^d	1.95±0.1 $3 a b$	0.99±0.02^c	1.09±0.01^c

表2 3种植物地上部及地下部生物量变化

Table 2 Aboveground and root biomass changes of three plants

处理 Treatments	地下部生物量Underground biomass			地上部生物量Aboveground biomass
处理 Treatments	小白菜 Chinese cabbage	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	棉花 cotton	小白菜 Chinese cabbage	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	棉花 Cotton
CK	0.93±0.03^a	0.90±0.04^a	1.20±0.06^a	1.96±0.0 $5 a b$	1.35±0.04^a	1.69±0.07^a
T₁	0.97±0.06^a	0.90±0.02^b	1.00±0.04^b	1.39±0.27^b	1.30±0.0 $2 a b$	1.53±0.03^b
T₂	0.95±0.05^a	0.86±0.01^b	0.95±0.03^b	2.39±0.41^a	1.27±0.0 $2 a b$	1.51±0.02^b
T₃	0.92±0.01^a	0.87±0.01^b	0.93±0.01^b	2.24±0.09^a	1.12±0.0 $2 b c$	1.46±0.08^b
T₄	0.92±0.03^a	0.83±0.01^c	0.73±0.01^c	2.14±0.09^a	1.05±0.04^c	1.45±0.04^b
T₅	0.95±0.04^a	0.84±0.01^c	0.64±0.01^d	1.95±0.1 $3 a b$	0.99±0.02^c	1.09±0.01^c

图2 3种植物地上部位镉浓度变化

Fig.2 Changes of cadmium concentration in the above ground parts of three plants

图3 3种植物地下部位镉浓度变化

Fig.3 Cadmium concentration changes in the underground parts of three plants

图4 3种植物体内镉积累量的变化

Fig.4 The change of cadmium accumulation in plant

参考文献 28

[1]	梅磊, 李玲, 陈进红, 等. 棉花对重金属胁迫的应答反应与抗性机理研究进展[J]. 棉花学报, 2018, 30(1):102-110.
	MEI Lei, LI Ling, CHEN Jinhong, et al. Advances on Response and Resistance to Heavy Metal Stress in Cotton[J]. Cotton Science, 2018, 30(1):102-110.
[2]	綦峥, 齐越, 杨红, 等. 土壤重金属镉污染现状、危害及治理措施[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2020, 11(7):2286-2294.
	QI Zheng, QI Yue, YANG Hong, et al. Status, harm and treatment measures of heavy metal cadmium pollution in soil[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2020, 11(7):2286-2294.
[3]	张静, 赵秀侠, 汪翔, 等. 重金属镉(Cd)胁迫对水芹生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 植物生理学报, 2015, 51(11):1969-1974.
	ZHANG Jing, ZHAO Xiuxia, WANG Xiang, et al. Effects of Cadmium Stress on the Growth and Physiological Property of Oe-nanthejavanica[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 2015, 51(11):1969-1974.
[4]	张路, 张锡洲, 李廷轩, 等. 水稻镉安全亲本材料对镉的吸收分配特性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(1):174-184.
	ZHANG Lu, ZHANG Xizhou, LI Tingxuan, et al. Cd Uptake and Distribution Characteristics of Cd Pollution-Safe Rice Materials[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(1):174-184.
[5]	张红振, 骆永明, 章海波, 等. 土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅴ.镉在土壤-作物系统中的富集规律与农产品质量安全[J]. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(4):628-638.
	ZHANG Hongzhen, LUO Yongming, ZHANG Haibo, et al. Research on Soil Environmental Quality Guidance Values and Standards V. The Accumulation Law of Cadmium in Soil-Crop System and the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(4):628-638.
[6]	刘星, 刘晓文, 吴颖欣, 等. 农用地重金属污染植物提取修复技术研究进展[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2020, 42(4):507-513.
	LIU Xing, LIU Xiaowen, WU Yingxin, et al. Review on phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated agricultural land[J]. Environmental Pollution and Control, 2020, 42(4):507-513.
[7]	何俊瑜, 任艳芳, 王阳阳, 等. 不同耐性水稻幼苗根系对镉胁迫的形态及生理响应[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(2):522-528.
	HE Junyu, REN Yanfang, WANG Yangyang, et al. Root morphological and physiological responses of rice seedlings with different tolerance to cadmium stress[J]. Acta EcologicaSinica, 2011, 31(2):522-528.
[8]	Wei S H, Wang S S, Li Y M, Zhu J G. Root system responses of hyperaccumulat or Solanum nigrum L. to Cd[J]. Journal of Soils Sediments, 2013, 13:1069-1074. DOI URL
[9]	陈悦, 李玲, 何秋伶, 等. 镉胁迫对三个棉花品种(系)产量、纤维品质和生理特性的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2014, 26(6):521-530.
	CHEN Cheng, LI Zhongbao, DENG Nanxin, et al. Plants' Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soil[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 48(1):254-258.
[10]	孙月美, 宁国辉, 刘树庆, 等. 耐受性植物油葵和棉花对镉的富集特征研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(6):281-286.
	SUN Yuemei, NING Guohui, LIU Shuqing, et al. Accumulation Characteristics of Cadmium in two Tolerant Plant Species, Oil Sunflower and Cotton[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(6):281-286.
[11]	王圣淳. 土壤镉污染及其修复研究进展[J]. 山东化工, 2017, 46(23):47-48.
	WANG Shengchun. Review on Soil Contamination by Cadmium and It's Remediation[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2017, 46(23):47-48.
[12]	王涛, 郭智, 奥岩松. 镉对龙葵幼苗生长的影响及镉富集特性研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报(农业科学版), 2009, 27(3):200-205.
	WANG Tao, GUO Zhi, AO Yansong. Effects of Cd Stress on Growth and Cd-Accumulation of Solanum nigrum L.Seedlings[J]. Journal of Shanghai JiaoTongUniversity(Agricultural Science Ed.), 2009, 27(3):200-205.
[13]	杨青青, 王丹, 崔正旭, 等. Pb、Cd复合污染对不同品种小白菜生长及营养品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(9):12-21.
	YANG Qingqing, WANG Dan, CUI Zhengxu, et al. Effects of Combined Pollution of Pb and Cd on Growth and Nutritional Quality of Chinese Cabbage Varieties[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019, 35(9):12-21.
[14]	Shuhe W, Qi X Z, Pavel V K. Flowering stage characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and their significance to phytoremediation[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 369(1-3):441-446. PMID
[15]	Mukesh K A, Quan W, Hong Y C, et al. Role of compost biochar amendment on the (im)mobilization of cadmium and zinc for Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) from contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2019, 19(12).
[16]	An M J, Wang H J, Fan H, et al. Effects of Modifiers on the Growth, Photosynjournal, and Antioxidant Enzymes of Cotton Under Cadmium Toxicity[J]. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2019, 38(4).
[17]	魏树和, 周启星, 王新. 超积累植物龙葵及其对镉的富集特征[J]. 环境科学, 2005,(3):167-171. PMID
	WEI Shuhe, ZHOU Qixing, WANG Xin. Cadmium-Hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and Its Accumulating Characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 2005,(3):167-171. PMID
[18]	刘可慧, 于方明, 李明顺, 等. 镉胁迫对小白菜(Brassica campestris L.)抗氧化机理的影响[J]. 生态环境, 2008,(4):1466-1470.
	LIU Kehui, YU Fangming, LI Mingshun, et al. Responses and resistance mechanism of Brassica campestris L. to cadmium stress[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2008,(4):1466-1470.
[19]	江文静, 王丹, 姚天月. 铀及其伴生重金属镉的根茎类富集植物的筛选[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(1) :39-47.
	JIANG Wenjing, WANG Dan, YAO Tianyue. Screening of rhizomatic accumulators to uranium and cadmium[J]. Journal of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, 2017, 36(1):39-47.
[20]	Wang L, Zhou Q X, Ding L L, et al. Effect of cadmium toxicity on nitrogen metabolism in leaves of Solanum nigrum L. as a newly found cadmium hyperaccumulator[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 154:818-825. PMID
[21]	Wang L, Li R, Yan X X, et al. Pivotal role for root cell wall polysaccharides in cultivar-dependent cadmium accumulation in Brassica chinensis L.[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020, 194.
[22]	Wu H X, Wu F B, Zhang G P M D G,. Bachir L. Effect of Cadmium on Uptake and Translocation of Three Microelements in Cotton[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2005, 27(11).
[23]	刘柿良, 杨容孑, 马明东, 等. 土壤镉胁迫对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(2):240-247.
	LIU Shiliang, YANG Rongjie, MA Mingdong, et al. Effects of Soil Cadmium on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Solanum nigrum L. Plants[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(2):240-247.
[24]	Xu P X, Wang Z L. A Comparison Study in Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation in Two Cool-Season Turfgrasses and Solanum nigrum L[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014, 225(5).
[25]	谢德志, 魏子璐, 朱峻熠, 等. 水禾对镉胁迫的生理响应[J/OL]. 浙江农林大学学报:1-10 [2020-05-17].
	XIE Dezhi, WEI Zilu, ZHU Junyi, et al. Physiological response of water grass to cadmium stress[J/OL]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University:1-10 [2020-05-17].
[26]	潘雨齐, 黄仁志, 雷鸣, 等. 经济作物修复重金属污染土壤的研究现状与应用前景[J]. 中国麻业科学, 2015, 37(1):35-39.
	PAN Yuqi, HUANG Renzhi, LEI Ming, et al. Research Progress and Prospect of Remedying Soil Contaminated by Heavy Metals with Economic Crops[J]. Plant Fiber Sciences in China, 2015, 37(1):35-39.
[27]	李玉军, 张志刚, 匡政成, 等. 植棉修复镉污染土壤研究进展[J]. 中国棉花, 2017, 44(4):8-10+2.
	LI Yujun, ZHANG Zhigang, KUANG Zhengcheng, et al. Research Progress in Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soils by Planting Cotton[J]. China Cotton, 2017, 44(4):8-10+2.
[28]	曾星, 李伟亚, 陈章, 等. 龙葵修复镉污染土壤的研究进展[J]. 草业科学, 2019, 36(5):1308-1316.
	ZENG Xing, LI Weiya, CHEN Zhang, et al. Solanum nigrum mediated remediation of Cd contaminated soil[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(5):1308-1316.