果园脐腹小蠹伴生(共生)真菌群落组成及功能分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.019

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 691-699.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.019

• 植物保护·农产品分析检测 • 上一篇下一篇

果园脐腹小蠹伴生(共生)真菌群落组成及功能分析

朱晓锋¹(), 蔡淑琳², 苏卓文², 张殿朋²(), 宋博¹, 徐兵强¹, 阿布都克尤木·卡德尔¹, 杨森¹

1.农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/特色林果产业国家地方联合工程研究中心/新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所,北京 100097

收稿日期:2021-05-17 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-28
通信作者: 张殿朋
作者简介:朱晓锋(1979-),男,河南许昌人,研究员,博士,研究方向为特色林果有害生物综合防控,(E-mail) zxf5117@163.com
基金资助:
农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室(KFJJ20180102);新疆杏产业技术体系建设专项

Study on the Community Structure and Function of Fungi Associated (Symbiotic) with Scolytus schevyrewi That Infest Fruit Trees

ZHU Xiaofeng¹(), CAI Shulin², SU Zhuowen², ZHANG Dianpeng²(), SONG Bo¹, XU Bingqiang¹, Abudukeyoum Kader¹, YANG Sen¹

1. Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China Northwestern Oasis, MOARA/ National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Special Forestry and Fruit Industry /Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China
2. Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China

Received:2021-05-17 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-03-28
Correspondence author: ZHANG Dianpeng
Supported by:
Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture(KFJJ20180102);The earmarked fund for apricot industry in Xinjiang research system

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆果树脐腹小蠹伴生真菌种类或类群,分析其功能,为脐腹小蠹为害机理和伴生真菌开发利用提供基础信息。【方法】在新疆疏勒、英吉沙等地采集被害果树上的脐腹小蠹成虫,利用MiSeq高通量测序技术和室内分离培养的方法,鉴定其伴生真菌种类或类群,通过FUNGuild功能预测和查阅相关文献,分析其功能。【结果】脐腹小蠹伴生真菌主要由7个门、24个纲、66个目、124个科的221个属组成;体表和肠道伴生真菌群落无显著性差异,体表伴生真菌优势菌群为Geosmithia、Saccharomycetales、Byssochlamys和 Wickerhamomyces,分别占群落的29.55%、19.50%、8.20%和6.07%;而肠道伴生真菌优势菌群为Geosmithia、Pleosporales和 Gibellulopsis,分别占42.14%,15.61%和6.97%;伴生真菌以腐生营养型、植物致病性、病理-腐生营养型和动物致病性为主,且不同果树脐腹小蠹均携带植物病致病性真菌,其中桃树脐腹小蠹携带植物致病型真菌比例最高,为19.06%;室内分离鉴定出伴生真菌13种,其中Geosmithia pallida、Yamadazyma mexicana和Cladosporium macrocarpum为植物病原菌,Wickerhamomyces silvicola、Meyerozyma guilliermondii、Rhodotorula mucilaginosa和Aureobasidium pullulans为多种植物病原菌的拮抗菌。【结论】新疆果树脐腹小蠹普遍携带、传播植物病原真菌,在防控脐腹小蠹的同时应注重果树枝干病害的防控,防止2类有害生物协同为害,加重危害;而伴生真菌中的有益拮抗菌可作为植物病害的生物防治菌被开发利用。

关键词: 果园; 脐腹小蠹; 伴生真菌; 群落结构; 功能分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 To understand the species or group and analysis on the function of fungi associated (symbiotic) with Scolytus schevyrewi in fruit trees in the hope of providing basic information for utilization of these symbionts and revealing the damage mechanism of S.schevyrewi.【Method】 S.schevyrewi adults were collected from infested fruit trees in Shule, Yingjisha and so on, the species and group of fungi associated with S.schevyrewi were identified by using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology and indoor isolation and culture methods.The functions of the fungi were analyzed by using FUN Guild and referring to relevant literatures.【Result】 The fungi belonged to 7 Phylum, 24 Class, 66 Order, 124 Family, 221 Genus.The dominant fungal microflora of the surface of S.schevyrewi were Geosmithia, Saccharomycetales, Byssochlamys and Wickerhamomyces, which accounted for 29.55%, 19.50%, 8.20% and 6.07% of the communities, respectively.The dominant fungal microfloras of the gut of S.schevyrewi include Geosmithia, Pleosporales, Gibellulopsis, accounting for 42.14%, 15.61% and 6.97%, respectively.The fungi were mainly saprotroph, plant pathogen, pathotroph- saprotroph and animal pathogen.S.schevyrewi adults, which infested apricot, plum, peach and almond trees, coexisted with a variety of plant-pathogenic fungi.The proportion of plant-pathogenic fungi was the highest in S.schevyrewi adults that infested peach trees, which was 19.06%.Thirteen associated fungi were isolated and identified in laboratory.Among them Geosmithia pallida, Yamadazyma Mexicana and Cladosporium Macrocarpum were plant pathogens.Wickerhamomyces Silvicola, Meyerozyma Guilliermondii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Aureobasidium pullulans were antagonists of the plant-pathogens.【Conclusion】 It was common to carry and spread plant-pathogens by S.schevyrewi in Xinjiang fruit trees.When preventing and controlling S.schevyrewi, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of fruit tree trunk diseases, so as to prevent the two kinds of pests from synergistic damage and aggravating the damage.The beneficial antagonistic fungi associated with S.schevyrewi should be exploited and used as biological control fungi for some plant diseases.

Key words: orchard; Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov; associated fungus; community structure; function

中图分类号:

S188

朱晓锋, 蔡淑琳, 苏卓文, 张殿朋, 宋博, 徐兵强, 阿布都克尤木·卡德尔, 杨森. 果园脐腹小蠹伴生(共生)真菌群落组成及功能分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(3): 691-699.

ZHU Xiaofeng, CAI Shulin, SU Zhuowen, ZHANG Dianpeng, SONG Bo, XU Bingqiang, Abudukeyoum Kader, YANG Sen. Study on the Community Structure and Function of Fungi Associated (Symbiotic) with Scolytus schevyrewi That Infest Fruit Trees[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(3): 691-699.

图/表 7

参考文献 46

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树种 Variety of tree	采集地点 Place	地理坐标 Geographical coordinate
西梅 Prune	疏勒县塔仔洪乡	76°11'01.61",39°16'44.03
桃 Peach	英吉沙县城关镇	76°08'16.32",38°55'57.12"
杏 Apricot	阿克陶县巴仁乡	75°37'45.34",39°25'03.14"
扁桃 Almond	疏附县占敏乡	75°49'40.57",39°24'12.08"

树种 Variety of tree	采集地点 Place	地理坐标 Geographical coordinate
西梅 Prune	疏勒县塔仔洪乡	76°11'01.61",39°16'44.03
桃 Peach	英吉沙县城关镇	76°08'16.32",38°55'57.12"
杏 Apricot	阿克陶县巴仁乡	75°37'45.34",39°25'03.14"
扁桃 Almond	疏附县占敏乡	75°49'40.57",39°24'12.08"

取样部位 Sampling part	Shannon	Simpson	ACE	Chao	OUT
肠道Gut	1.80±0.69^a	0.46±0.18^a	179.05±122.77^a	177.79±122.65^a	177.00±122.55^a
体表 Body surface	1.71±0.51^a	0.40±0.16^a	88.07±23.47^a	87.20±23.45^a	85.00±23.44^a

取样部位 Sampling part	Shannon	Simpson	ACE	Chao	OUT
肠道Gut	1.80±0.69^a	0.46±0.18^a	179.05±122.77^a	177.79±122.65^a	177.00±122.55^a
体表 Body surface	1.71±0.51^a	0.40±0.16^a	88.07±23.47^a	87.20±23.45^a	85.00±23.44^a

取样部位Sampling part	门Phylum	纲Class	目Order	科Family	属Genus
肠道Gut	7	23	62	114	204
体表Body surface	6	20	43	74	111
体表+肠道 Body surface and gut	7	24	66	124	221

果园脐腹小蠹伴生(共生)真菌群落组成及功能分析

Study on the Community Structure and Function of Fungi Associated (Symbiotic) with Scolytus schevyrewi That Infest Fruit Trees

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参考文献 46

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取样部位Sampling part	中文名称Chinese name	拉丁名Scientific name
体表、肠道 Body surface and gut	出芽短梗霉菌	Aureobasidium pullulans
	新疆假丝酵母	Candida xinjiangensis
	假丝酵母(疑似新种)	Candida sp.
	汉姆酵母	Wickerhamomyces silvicola
	未命名	Yamadazyma Mexicana
	未命名	Geosmithia pallid
	未命名	Candida peoriensis
体表 Body surface	威克汉姆西弗酵母	Wickerhamomyces ciferrii
	大孢枝孢菌	Cladosporium macrocarpum
	季也蒙毕赤酵母	Meyerozyma guilliermondii
	胶红酵母	Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
	未命名	Naganishia albida
肠道Gut	拟青霉	Paecilomyces sp.

种名Specific name	功能Function
新疆假丝酵母 C.xinjiangensis	为新疆果树脐腹小蠹伴生真菌鉴定之新种^[11],未有相关功能研究。
C.peoriensis	无相关研究报道。
汉姆酵母 W.silvicola	具有杀菌活性,能够分泌mycocin,子囊菌的45属140余种真菌对mycocin敏感^[12]。
威克汉姆西弗酵母 W.ciferrii	无相关报道。
季也蒙毕赤酵母 M.guilliermondii	为棘胫小蠹Platypus koryoensis伴生菌^[13],可抑制苹果青霉病、灰霉病^{[14, 15]}、辣椒炭疽病菌、番木瓜炭疽病菌、芒果炭疽病^[16]、稻瘟病、稻黑斑病、番茄细菌性枯萎病^[17]。
胶红酵母 R.mucilaginosa	常作为生防菌防治水果采后病害^[18];对梨果采后贮存过程中青霉菌、灰霉菌具控制效果^{[19, 20]};对苹果灰霉病菌也有抑制作用^[15]。
Y.Mexicana	为多种小蠹虫伴生菌^[21],可导致仙人掌袋腐病^[22],分布于中国苹果、梨果实表面,具有一定的食品安全风险^[23]。
N.albida	无相关报道。
出芽短梗霉菌 A.pullulans	对桃褐腐病、多种水果(葡萄、苹果、草莓)灰霉病等采后病害具有显著抑制作用^{[24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]},对小麦镰刀菌和番茄早疫病有拮抗和防治作用^{[32, 33]}。
G.pallida	常与小蠹虫伴生^{[34,35,36,37]};为黑色枝小蠹Xylosandrus compactus伴生菌可引起黄连木、金银花等多种灌木枯萎死亡^[38];也可抑制植物根系生长^[39]。
大孢枝孢菌 C.macrocarpum	腐生菌^[40],可引起橄榄叶污斑病^[41]、番茄煤污病^[42]。

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