核棉间作对棉田节肢动物群落结构及自然天敌种群发生的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.018

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 934-941.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.018

核棉间作对棉田节肢动物群落结构及自然天敌种群发生的影响

李海强(), 王冬梅, 刘建()

农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农业部库尔勒作物有害生物科学观测实验站/新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-07-20 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-04-24
通信作者: 刘建
作者简介:李海强(1981-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为棉花害虫综合治理,(E-mail) jacky81611@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2019D01A66);农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室开放基金(KFJJ201901)

Effects of Walnut-Cotton Intercropping on Arthropod Community Structure and the Population of Natural Enemies in Cotton Fields

LI Haiqiang(), WANG Dongmei, LIU Jian()

Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China Northwestern Oasis, MOARA / Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of MOARA in Korla/ Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2021-07-20 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-04-24
Correspondence author: LIU Jian
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2019D01A66);Open Foundation for the Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crops in Northwest Desert Oasis, MOARA(KFJJ201901)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究核棉间作对棉田节肢动物群落及自然天敌种群的影响。【方法】20172018年在新疆阿克苏市选择核桃棉间作模式试验点21个,研究核桃棉花间作棉田对棉田节肢动物群落结构及自然天敌种群数量的影响。【结果】核桃间作棉田节肢动物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均为0.68,单作为0.56;核桃棉花间作均匀性指数平均为0.45,单作为0.38;优势集中度指数核桃间作棉田为0.59,单作棉田为0.68;统计分析表明,核桃间作棉田节肢动物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中度指数相比棉花单作田均无显著性差异。核桃棉间作棉田和单作棉田害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落结构特征指数也无显著性差异(统计分析表明Shannon-Wiener多样性指数P=0.36>0.05; 均匀性指数P=0.39>0.05;优势集中度指数P=0.71>0.05)。棉田主要捕食性天敌以瓢虫类、草蛉类、食虫蝽类为主,核棉间作棉田与棉花单作田捕食性天敌种群数量无显著性差异(P=0.42 > 0.05)。核棉间作对棉蚜僵蚜密度也无显著影响(P=0.076 > 0.05)。【结论】核桃棉花间作模式对棉田节肢动物群落结构及自然天敌的种群数量没有明显影响。

关键词: 核桃棉间作; 节肢动物; 群落结构; 多样性指数; 自然天敌

Abstract:

【Objective】 To evaluate the effect of walnut-cotton intercropping on arthropod community structure and population of natural enemies in cotton fields.【Method】 In Aksu, Xinjiang, 21 experimental sites of walnut-cotton intercropping patterns were selected from 2017 to 2018 to compare and study the arthropod community structure corresponding to the cotton fields in intercropping patterns and monocropping patterns. 【Result】 The results showed that the shannon-Wiener diversity index of arthropod community in walnut intercropping cotton field was 0.68 and 0.56, respectively. The average uniformity index of walnut and cotton intercropping was 0.45 and 0.38. The dominant concentration index was 0.59 in walnut intercropping and 0.68 in mono cropping. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index and dominant concentration index of arthropod community in walnut intercropping cotton field compared with cotton single cropping field. Besides, there was no significant difference in the characteristic indexes of pest subcommunity and natural enemy subcommunity between two cropping patternsshannon-Wiener diversity index, P = 0.36 > 0.05; the average uniformity index, P =0.39>0.05; dominant concentration index, P = 0.71 > 0.05).At the same time, through the study on the population quantity of natural enemies, it was found that the main predatory natural enemies in cotton fields were ladybugs, lacewings and insectivorous bugs, and there was no significant difference in the population quantity of predatory natural enemies between cotton intercropping field and cotton mono-cropping field(P = 0.42 > 0.05). The densities of the mummy aphids on cotton plant in walnut-cotton intercropping and cotton monocrop systems had no significant difference(P = 0.076 > 0.05).【Conclusion】 It indicates that the walnut-cotton intercropping patterns in southern Xinjiang had no significant effect on arthropod community structure and population of natural enemies in cotton fields.

Key words: walnut-tree intercropping; arthropod; community structure; diversity index; natural enemies

中图分类号:

S435.02

李海强, 王冬梅, 刘建. 核棉间作对棉田节肢动物群落结构及自然天敌种群发生的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 934-941.

LI Haiqiang, WANG Dongmei, LIU Jian. Effects of Walnut-Cotton Intercropping on Arthropod Community Structure and the Population of Natural Enemies in Cotton Fields[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 934-941.

图/表 6

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年份 Year	节肢动物类型 Group of arthropod	核棉间作系统 Walnut-cotton intercropping system
年份 Year	节肢动物类型 Group of arthropod	间作棉田 Intercropping	单作棉田 Monocropping
2017	节肢动物总数	3 476	6 824
	害虫数量	3 148	6 397
	捕食性天敌数量	182	205
	寄生性天敌数量	146	222
2018	节肢动物总数	2 659	7 165
	害虫数量	2 374	6 304
	捕食性天敌数量	100	132
	寄生性天敌数量	185	729

年份 Year	节肢动物类型 Group of arthropod	核棉间作系统 Walnut-cotton intercropping system
年份 Year	节肢动物类型 Group of arthropod	间作棉田 Intercropping	单作棉田 Monocropping
2017	节肢动物总数	3 476	6 824
	害虫数量	3 148	6 397
	捕食性天敌数量	182	205
	寄生性天敌数量	146	222
2018	节肢动物总数	2 659	7 165
	害虫数量	2 374	6 304
	捕食性天敌数量	100	132
	寄生性天敌数量	185	729

年度 Year	群落类型 Community type	种植模式 Cultivation pattern	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index	均匀性指数 Evenness index	集中性指数 Dominant concentration
2017	所有节肢动物	核棉间作	0.68 ± 0.05^a	0.44 ± 0.03^a	0.59 ± 0.04^a
		棉花单作	0.61 ± 0.08^a	0.40 ± 0.05^a	0.66 ± 0.05^a
	害虫亚群落	核棉间作	0.51 ± 0.06^a	0.39 ± 0.04^a	0.73 ± 0.04^a
		棉花单作	0.48 ± 0.08^a	0.38 ± 0.06^a	0.75 ± 0.04^a
	天敌亚群落	核棉间作	1.03 ± 0.05^a	0.57 ± 0.02^a	0.45 ± 0.03^a
		棉花单作	1.07 ± 0.07^a	0.60 ± 0.04^a	0.44 ± 0.04^a
2018	所有节肢动物	核棉间作	0.67 ± 0.08^a	0.46 ± 0.06^a	0.58 ± 0.05^a
		棉花单作	0.56 ± 0.07^a	0.35 ± 0.05^a	0.70 ± 0.05^a
	害虫亚群落	核棉间作	0.35 ± 0.07^a	0.28 ± 0.05^a	0.82 ± 0.04^a
		棉花单作	0.34 ± 0.05^a	0.25 ± 0.05^a	0.84 ± 0.03^a
	天敌亚群落	核棉间作	0.87 ± 0.07^a	0.51 ± 0.03^a	0.52 ± 0.04^a
		棉花单作	0.80 ± 0.12^a	0.47± 0.03^a	0.58 ± 0.06^a

年度 Year	群落类型 Community type	种植模式 Cultivation pattern	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index	均匀性指数 Evenness index	集中性指数 Dominant concentration
2017	所有节肢动物	核棉间作	0.68 ± 0.05^a	0.44 ± 0.03^a	0.59 ± 0.04^a
		棉花单作	0.61 ± 0.08^a	0.40 ± 0.05^a	0.66 ± 0.05^a
	害虫亚群落	核棉间作	0.51 ± 0.06^a	0.39 ± 0.04^a	0.73 ± 0.04^a
		棉花单作	0.48 ± 0.08^a	0.38 ± 0.06^a	0.75 ± 0.04^a
	天敌亚群落	核棉间作	1.03 ± 0.05^a	0.57 ± 0.02^a	0.45 ± 0.03^a
		棉花单作	1.07 ± 0.07^a	0.60 ± 0.04^a	0.44 ± 0.04^a
2018	所有节肢动物	核棉间作	0.67 ± 0.08^a	0.46 ± 0.06^a	0.58 ± 0.05^a
		棉花单作	0.56 ± 0.07^a	0.35 ± 0.05^a	0.70 ± 0.05^a
	害虫亚群落	核棉间作	0.35 ± 0.07^a	0.28 ± 0.05^a	0.82 ± 0.04^a
		棉花单作	0.34 ± 0.05^a	0.25 ± 0.05^a	0.84 ± 0.03^a
	天敌亚群落	核棉间作	0.87 ± 0.07^a	0.51 ± 0.03^a	0.52 ± 0.04^a
		棉花单作	0.80 ± 0.12^a	0.47± 0.03^a	0.58 ± 0.06^a

年份 Year	固定效应的 3 型检验 Type 3 test of fixed effect
年份 Year	效应 Effect	分子自由度 Ndf	分母自由度 Ddf	F 值 F value	P值 P value
2017	种植模式	1	11	0.01	0.941
	月份	2	44	77.93	<0.000 1
	种植模式*月份	2	44	1.40	0.258 1
2018	种植模式	1	8	0.11	0.750 1
	月份	2	32	7.27	0.002 5
	种植模式*月份	2	32	0.55	0.581 9

核棉间作对棉田节肢动物群落结构及自然天敌种群发生的影响

Effects of Walnut-Cotton Intercropping on Arthropod Community Structure and the Population of Natural Enemies in Cotton Fields

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