高温闷棚对设施蔬菜根结线虫的防治效果及土壤微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.021

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 179-189.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.021

• 园艺特产·植物保护·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

高温闷棚对设施蔬菜根结线虫的防治效果及土壤微生物群落结构的影响

何伟¹(), 罗文芳¹, 于镇华², 许建军¹(), 孙晓军¹

1.新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西北荒漠作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态重点实验室,哈尔滨 150081

收稿日期:2020-06-19 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-02-18
通信作者: 许建军
作者简介:何伟(1980-),男,安徽利率人,助理研究员,研究方向为蔬菜病虫害防治技术,(E-mail) 181113882@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201005);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2018B01002-1)

Effects of High Temperature Closed Greenhouse on the Control of Protected Vegetable Root-Knot Nematode and the Structure of Soil Microbial Community

HE Wei¹(), LUO Wenfang¹, YU Zhenhua², XU Jianjun¹(), SUN Xiaojun¹

1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management in Northwestern Oasis of China,MOARA, Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
2. Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Harbin 150081, China

Received:2020-06-19 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-02-18
Correspondence author: XU Jianjun
Supported by:
National Key R & D Program Project(2016YFD0201005);Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2018B01002-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究高温闷棚对蔬菜根结线虫和根际土壤微生物群落的影响。【方法】采用田间小区试验和高通量测序技术方法。【结果】高温闷棚后,灌水+覆膜处理和灌水+覆膜+药剂处理10 cm深土壤温度在60℃以上,持续时间50 min,根结线虫虫口减退率为100%,显著高于灌水未覆膜处理。高温增加了真菌和细菌物种丰度和多样性,但灌水+覆膜+阿维菌素处理的真菌物种丰度和多样性下降。生菜采收期,真菌物种丰度增加,多样性下降,细菌物种丰度和多样性均增加。高温促进了链格孢属、枝孢属真菌和uncultured_bacterium_c_S0134_terrestrial_group细菌繁殖,抑制了鞘氨醇单胞菌属繁殖。【结论】灌水+覆膜的闷棚方式可有效防治根结线虫且可影响土壤中微生物群落结构,下茬生菜生长期,土壤中微生物群落逐步恢复,该闷棚方式适宜在新疆温室蔬菜应用。

关键词: 高温闷棚; 根结线虫; 土壤微生物; 群落结构

Abstract:

【Objective】 Root knot nematode is one of the important diseases of facility vegetables, which has become an obstacle to the facility vegetables development in Xinjiang, in view of this, our project aims to explore effects of high temperature closed greenhouse on the control of vegetable root-knot nematode and the microbial community. 【Method】 Plot experiments and high-throughput sequencing technology were used in this study. 【Results】 The results showed that the temperature of 10cm deep soil with irrigation + mulching and irrigation + mulching + fungicide was above 60℃ and lasted for 50 minutes, and decrease rate of knot nematodes was 100%, which was significantly higher than that by the irrigation without mulching. The abundance and diversity of fungi and bacteria were increased by high temperature, however, the abundance and diversity of fungal species treated with abamectin under irrigation decreased. The abundance of fungi was increased, the diversity was decreased, and bacteria were increased in lettuce harvest time. The reproduction of Alternaria, Cladosporium and uncultured bacterium-c-S0134-terrestrial-group were promoted, and Sphingomonas was inhibited by the high temperature. 【Conclusion】 The irrigation and film mulching of high temperature closed greenhouse can effectively control root knot nematode and affect the microbial community structure in the soil. During the growth period of next crop lettuce, the microbial community in soil gradually recovers. The closed shed is suitable for the application of greenhouse vegetables in Xinjiang.

Key words: high temperature closed greenhouse; root-knot nematode; soil microorganism; community structure

中图分类号:

S436.3

何伟, 罗文芳, 于镇华, 许建军, 孙晓军. 高温闷棚对设施蔬菜根结线虫的防治效果及土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 179-189.

HE Wei, LUO Wenfang, YU Zhenhua, XU Jianjun, SUN Xiaojun. Effects of High Temperature Closed Greenhouse on the Control of Protected Vegetable Root-Knot Nematode and the Structure of Soil Microbial Community[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 179-189.

图/表 11

参考文献 27

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处理 Treat ment	处理方法 Processing method	药剂施用方法 Method of fungicide application
1	灌水+覆膜+1 500 mL/667m²阿维菌素	喷雾
2	灌水+覆膜+2 kg/667m²阿维噻唑磷	撒施
3	灌水+覆膜+2 kg/667m²噻唑膦	撒施
4	灌水+覆膜	-
5	灌水不覆膜	-
6	CK(不灌水不覆膜)	-

处理 Treat ment	处理方法 Processing method	药剂施用方法 Method of fungicide application
1	灌水+覆膜+1 500 mL/667m²阿维菌素	喷雾
2	灌水+覆膜+2 kg/667m²阿维噻唑磷	撒施
3	灌水+覆膜+2 kg/667m²噻唑膦	撒施
4	灌水+覆膜	-
5	灌水不覆膜	-
6	CK(不灌水不覆膜)	-

处理 Treatment	线虫数量 Number of nematodes (条/(100g土壤))			生菜采收期 Lettuce harvest time
处理 Treatment	闷棚前 Pre-treatment	闷棚后 After treated	减退率 Decrease rate(%)	线虫数量 Number of nematodes (条/(100g土壤))	减退率 Decrease rate(%)
1	212	0	100^a	1	99.5^a
2	200	0	100^a	1	99.5^a
3	220	0	100^a	0	100^a
4	110	0	100^a	1	99.1^a
5	160	27	83.1^b	49	69.4^b
6	107	100	7^c	103	-3.7^c

处理 Treatment	线虫数量 Number of nematodes (条/(100g土壤))			生菜采收期 Lettuce harvest time
处理 Treatment	闷棚前 Pre-treatment	闷棚后 After treated	减退率 Decrease rate(%)	线虫数量 Number of nematodes (条/(100g土壤))	减退率 Decrease rate(%)
1	212	0	100^a	1	99.5^a
2	200	0	100^a	1	99.5^a
3	220	0	100^a	0	100^a
4	110	0	100^a	1	99.1^a
5	160	27	83.1^b	49	69.4^b
6	107	100	7^c	103	-3.7^c

样本 Sample	OUT数目 OUT	丰富度指数 Shannon	多样性指数 Chao	测序深度指数 Coverage(%)
A₀₁	292	(2.92±0.32)^e	(513.00± 21.21)^d	99.89
A₀₂	246	(2.57±0.45)^f	(361.35± 22.93)^g	99.93
A₀₃	263	(2.87±0.95)^e	(425.94± 84.58)^e	99.91
A₀₄	361	(2.87±0.51)^e	(525.71± 135.01)^d	99.88
A₀₅	298	(2.89±0.28)^e	(445.54± 87.86)^e	99.93
A₀₆	323	(2.84±0.19)^e	(496.79± 133.08)^d	99.92
B₀₁	358	(2.68±0.03)^ef	(396.32± 18.06)^f	99.92
B₀₂	505	(4.35±0.6)^b	(450.44± 52.03)^e	99.92
B₀₃	256	(4.96±0.23)^a	(575.65± 87.65)^c	99.91
B₀₄	296	(4.85±0.08)^a	(452.58± 19.22)^e	99.93
B₀₅	278	(4.70±0.21)^ab	(574.51± 29.53)^c	99.89
B₀₆	332	(3.58±0.20)^cd	(442.04± 11.58)^e	99.92
C₀₁	409	(4.28±0.19)^b	(852.60± 276.47)^a	99.78
C₀₂	459	(4.11±0.03)^bc	(610.21± 64.46)^c	99.85
C₀₃	587	(3.75±0.11)^c	(724.32± 140.72)^b	99.71
C₀₄	411	(3.85±0.11)^c	(473.77± 6.99)^d	99.87
C₀₅	418	(3.22±0.01)^d	(547.88± 2.30)^c	99.87
C₀₆	395	(3.58±0.19)^cd	(695.33±65.00) ^b	99.81

高温闷棚对设施蔬菜根结线虫的防治效果及土壤微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of High Temperature Closed Greenhouse on the Control of Protected Vegetable Root-Knot Nematode and the Structure of Soil Microbial Community

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参考文献 27

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Metrics

样本 Sample	OUT数目 OUT	丰富度指数 Shannon	多样性指数 Chao	测序深度指数 Coverage(%)
A₀₁	2 086	(6.33± 0.01)^a	(2 943.39±43.67)^a	97.51
A₀₂	2 260	(6.35± 0.04)^a	(2 926.51±14.48)^a	97.58
A₀₃	2 229	(6.31± 0.02)^a	(2 801.89±54.68)^a	97.67
A₀₄	2 052	(6.38± 0.02)^a	(2 938.11±19.84)^a	97.57
A₀₅	2 354	(6.31± 0.18)^a	(2 856.44±26.31)^a	97.65
A₀₆	2 076	(6.36± 0.05)^a	(2 902.93±57.08)^a	97.65
B₀₁	2 162	(5.87± 0.08)^b	(2 146.83±37.86)^cd	98.34
B₀₂	2 064	(5.48± 0.04)^c	(1 780.63±40.45)^e	98.58
B₀₃	1 955	(5.37± 0.15)^c	(1 962.50±114.70)^d	98.35
B₀₄	1 978	(5.36± 0.11)^c	(1 780.77±60.80)^e	98.49
B₀₅	1 940	(5.30± 0.05)^c	(1 803.58±45.34)^e	98.48
B₀₆	2 045	(5.76± 0.02)^b	(2 092.58±27.55)^d	98.35
C₀₁	2 164	(5.88± 0.04)^b	(2 280.01±67.73)^c	98.15
C₀₂	2 138	(5.95± 0.09)^ab	(2 334.09±83.21)^c	98.10
C₀₃	2 296	(5.72± 0.07)^b	(2 298.58±94.64)^c	98.09
C₀₄	2 357	(5.60± 0.01)^bc	(2 281.69±24.85)^c	98.08
C₀₅	2 410	(6.16± 0.07)^a	(2 601.35±69.74)^b	97.89
C₀₆	2 436	(6.17± 0.19)^a	(2 666.67±275.59)^b	97.81

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