新疆哈密地区枣园昆虫群落结构及多样性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆哈密地区枣园昆虫结构类群和时序变化,分析害虫和天敌的发生动态,为害虫综合防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用网扫法和马来氏网获取昆虫标本,运用多样性指数等统计分析哈密地区枣园内昆虫群落结构及其多样性。【结果】共获得昆虫样本23 898头,隶属于9目74科,以膜翅目(32.43%)、双翅目(31.08%)和半翅目(12.16%)为枣园昆虫群落优势类群;枣园8月中旬昆虫数量最多(3 484头),群落多样性指数在1.80~3.01,8月中旬科级丰富度最高(55科),群落均匀度指数在0.53~0.77,群落优势集中指数在0.08~0.30。枣园主要害虫有蚜科、粉虱科、蓟马科和瘿蚊科,主要天敌有蚜茧蜂科、赤眼蜂科、缨小蜂科和草蛉科。【结论】新疆哈密地区枣园昆虫群落多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数较高,三者呈一致趋势,哈密枣园昆虫群落具有较高稳定性。

关键词: 枣园; 昆虫; 群落结构; 多样性; 哈密

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the dynamics of pests and natural enemies by investigating the structural taxa and temporal changes of insects in jujube orchards in Hami Xinjiang in the hope of providing important help for the forecast and control of major pests, and basic data and scientific basis for integrated pest prevention and control.【Methods】 Insect specimens were obtained by net sweeping method and Malaise trap.The structure and diversity of insect communities in jujube orchards in Hami were statistically analyzed by using diversity indices.【Results】 A total of 23,898 insect samples were collected which belonged to 9 orders and 74 families.Hymenoptera (32.43%), Diptera (31.08%) and Hemiptera (12.16%) were the dominant taxa in the date garden insect community.The maximum number of insects in the jujube orchard was 3,484 in mid-August, and the insect community diversity index ranged from 1.8-3.01, and the richest degree in mid-August (55 families), the evenness index ranged from 0.53-0.77, and the dominant concentration index ranged from 0.08-0.30.The main pests in jujube orchard were Aphididae, Aleyrodidae, Thripidae and Cecidomyiidae, and the main natural enemies were Aphidiidae, Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, Scelionidae and Chrysopidae.【Conclusion】 The insect community diversity index, evenness index and richness index of jujube orchard in Hami Xinjiang are quite high, which shows a consistent trend, indicating that the insect community there has high stability.

Key words: jujube orchard; insect; community structure; diversity; Hami

中图分类号:

S436.6

李凯亮, 张振宇, 胡红英. 新疆哈密地区枣园昆虫群落结构及多样性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 2028-2037.

LI Kailiang, ZHANG Zhenyu, HU Hongying. Structure and diversity analysis of insect community in jujube orchard of Hami Area in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 2028-2037.

图/表 9

参考文献 37

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编号 Number	类群 Group	科数 Number of family		个体数 Number of individuds		多样性指数H' Diversity index	均匀度指数J Uniformity index
编号 Number	类群 Group	数量 Number(个)	占比 Proportion(%)	数量 Number(个)	占比 Proportion(%)	多样性指数H' Diversity index	均匀度指数J Uniformity index
1	膜翅目Hymenoptera	24	32.43	8 595	35.97	2.182	0.686
2	双翅目Diptera	23	31.08	9 521	39.84	1.820	0.580
3	半翅目Hemiptera	9	12.16	1 809	7.57	1.159	0.528
4	鞘翅目Coleoptera	7	9.46	389	1.63	1.387	0.713
5	鳞翅目Lepidoptera	6	8.11	267	1.12	1.380	0.770
6	缨翅目Thysanoptera	2	2.70	2 681	11.22	0.340	0.491
7	脉翅目Neuroptera	1	1.35	551	2.31	0	0
8	啮虫目Psocoptera	1	1.35	83	0.35	0	0
9	蜻蜓目Odonata	1	1.35	2	0.01	0	0
		合计	74	100	23 898	100

编号 Number	类群 Group	科数 Number of family		个体数 Number of individuds		多样性指数H' Diversity index	均匀度指数J Uniformity index
编号 Number	类群 Group	数量 Number(个)	占比 Proportion(%)	数量 Number(个)	占比 Proportion(%)	多样性指数H' Diversity index	均匀度指数J Uniformity index
1	膜翅目Hymenoptera	24	32.43	8 595	35.97	2.182	0.686
2	双翅目Diptera	23	31.08	9 521	39.84	1.820	0.580
3	半翅目Hemiptera	9	12.16	1 809	7.57	1.159	0.528
4	鞘翅目Coleoptera	7	9.46	389	1.63	1.387	0.713
5	鳞翅目Lepidoptera	6	8.11	267	1.12	1.380	0.770
6	缨翅目Thysanoptera	2	2.70	2 681	11.22	0.340	0.491
7	脉翅目Neuroptera	1	1.35	551	2.31	0	0
8	啮虫目Psocoptera	1	1.35	83	0.35	0	0
9	蜻蜓目Odonata	1	1.35	2	0.01	0	0
		合计	74	100	23 898	100

序号	类群 Groups	群落度 Total communities	序号	类群 Groups	群落度 Total communities	序号	类群 Groups	群落度 Total communities
Ⅰ	膜翅目Hymenoptera	0.359 65	27	蝇科Muscidae	0.031 43	54	叩头甲科Elateridae	0.000 33
1	蚜茧蜂科Aphidiidae	0.083 56	28	蠓科Ceratopogonidae	0.027 70	Ⅳ	半翅目Hemiptera	0.075 70
2	赤眼蜂科Trichogrammatidae	0.078 88	29	寄蝇科Tachinidae	0.017 62	55	蚜科Aphididae	0.041 17
3	缨小蜂科Mymaridae	0.064 52	30	摇蚊科Chironomidae	0.015 23	56	粉虱科Aleyrodidae	0.022 60
4	缘腹细蜂科Scelionidae	0.034 86	31	潜蝇科Agromyzidae	0.013 18	57	叶蝉科Cicadellidae	0.006 40
5	姬小蜂科EuloPhidae	0.023 98	32	蚊科Culicidae	0.011 01	58	盲蝽科Miridae	0.004 10
6	隧蜂科Halictidae	0.018 62	33	眼蕈蚊科Sciaridea	0.004 98	59	扁蝽科Aradidae	0.000 71
7	姬蜂科Ichneumonidae	0.010 34	34	花蝇科Anthomyiidae	0.003 77	60	木虱科Psyllidae	0.000 25
8	蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae	0.009 54	35	水蝇科Ephydridae	0.003 56	61	猎蝽科Reduviidae	0.000 21
9	茧蜂科Braconidae	0.007 11	36	果蝇科Drosophilidae	0.002 97	62	粉蚧科Pseudococcidae	0.000 17
10	跳小峰科Encyrtidae	0.005 94	37	菌蚊科Mycetophilidae	0.002 68	63	红蝽科Pyrrhocoridae	0.000 08
11	广腹细蜂科Platygasteridae	0.004 77	38	食蚜蝇科Syrphidae	0.002 30	Ⅴ	鳞翅目Lepidoptera	0.011 17
12	棒小蜂科Thysanidae	0.004 52	39	大蚊科Tipulidae	0.002 30	64	卷蛾科Tortricidae	0.004 64
13	蚁科Formicidae	0.003 93	40	麻蝇科Sarcophagidae	0.001 09	65	夜蛾科Noctuidae	0.003 68
14	锤角细蜂科Diapriidae	0.003 51	41	秆蝇科Chloropidae	0.001 00	66	螟蛾科Pyralidae	0.001 42
15	瘿蜂科Cynipidae	0.001 97	42	长足虻科Dolichopodidae	0.000 96	67	蛀果蛾科Carposinidae	0.000 63
16	柄腹细蜂科Heloridae	0.001 55	43	毛蚊科Bibionidae	0.000 63	68	羽蛾科Pterophoridae	0.000 63
17	金小蜂科Pteromalidae	0.000 71	44	头蝇科Pipunculidae	0.000 38	69	灰蝶科Lycaenidae	0.000 17
18	长尾小蜂科Torymidae	0.000 67	45	丽蝇科Calliphoridae	0.000 38	Ⅵ	缨翅目Thysanoptera	0.112 19
19	切叶蜂科Megachilidae	0.000 17	46	实蝇科Tephritidae	0.000 29	70	蓟马科Thripidae	0.100 18
20	蜜蜂科Apidae	0.000 13	47	食虫虻科Asilidae	0.000 21	71	纹蓟马科Aeolothripidae	0.012 01
21	胡蜂科Vespidae	0.000 13	Ⅲ	鞘翅目Coleoptera	0.016 28	Ⅶ	脉翅目Neuroptera	0.023 06
22	广肩小蜂科Eurytomidae	0.000 08	48	锯谷盗科Silvanidae	0.008 62	72	草蛉科Chrysopidae	0.023 06
23	小蜂科Chalcididae	0.000 08	49	隐翅甲科Staphylinidae	0.002 85	Ⅷ	啮目Corrodentia	0.003 47
24	青蜂科Chrysidoidea	0.000 08	50	瓢甲科Coccinellidae	0.001 97	73	分啮科Lachesillidae	0.003 47
Ⅱ	双翅目Diptera	0.398 40	51	豆象科Bruchidae	0.001 80	Ⅸ	蜻蜓目Odonata	0.000 08
25	蚤蝇科Phoridae	0.202 44	52	象甲科Curculionidae	0.000 38	74	蜻科Libellulidae	0.000 08
26	瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae	0.052 31	53	吉丁虫科Buprestidae	0.000 33

序号	类群 Groups	群落度 Total communities	序号	类群 Groups	群落度 Total communities	序号	类群 Groups	群落度 Total communities
Ⅰ	膜翅目Hymenoptera	0.359 65	27	蝇科Muscidae	0.031 43	54	叩头甲科Elateridae	0.000 33
1	蚜茧蜂科Aphidiidae	0.083 56	28	蠓科Ceratopogonidae	0.027 70	Ⅳ	半翅目Hemiptera	0.075 70
2	赤眼蜂科Trichogrammatidae	0.078 88	29	寄蝇科Tachinidae	0.017 62	55	蚜科Aphididae	0.041 17
3	缨小蜂科Mymaridae	0.064 52	30	摇蚊科Chironomidae	0.015 23	56	粉虱科Aleyrodidae	0.022 60
4	缘腹细蜂科Scelionidae	0.034 86	31	潜蝇科Agromyzidae	0.013 18	57	叶蝉科Cicadellidae	0.006 40
5	姬小蜂科EuloPhidae	0.023 98	32	蚊科Culicidae	0.011 01	58	盲蝽科Miridae	0.004 10
6	隧蜂科Halictidae	0.018 62	33	眼蕈蚊科Sciaridea	0.004 98	59	扁蝽科Aradidae	0.000 71
7	姬蜂科Ichneumonidae	0.010 34	34	花蝇科Anthomyiidae	0.003 77	60	木虱科Psyllidae	0.000 25
8	蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae	0.009 54	35	水蝇科Ephydridae	0.003 56	61	猎蝽科Reduviidae	0.000 21
9	茧蜂科Braconidae	0.007 11	36	果蝇科Drosophilidae	0.002 97	62	粉蚧科Pseudococcidae	0.000 17
10	跳小峰科Encyrtidae	0.005 94	37	菌蚊科Mycetophilidae	0.002 68	63	红蝽科Pyrrhocoridae	0.000 08
11	广腹细蜂科Platygasteridae	0.004 77	38	食蚜蝇科Syrphidae	0.002 30	Ⅴ	鳞翅目Lepidoptera	0.011 17
12	棒小蜂科Thysanidae	0.004 52	39	大蚊科Tipulidae	0.002 30	64	卷蛾科Tortricidae	0.004 64
13	蚁科Formicidae	0.003 93	40	麻蝇科Sarcophagidae	0.001 09	65	夜蛾科Noctuidae	0.003 68
14	锤角细蜂科Diapriidae	0.003 51	41	秆蝇科Chloropidae	0.001 00	66	螟蛾科Pyralidae	0.001 42
15	瘿蜂科Cynipidae	0.001 97	42	长足虻科Dolichopodidae	0.000 96	67	蛀果蛾科Carposinidae	0.000 63
16	柄腹细蜂科Heloridae	0.001 55	43	毛蚊科Bibionidae	0.000 63	68	羽蛾科Pterophoridae	0.000 63
17	金小蜂科Pteromalidae	0.000 71	44	头蝇科Pipunculidae	0.000 38	69	灰蝶科Lycaenidae	0.000 17
18	长尾小蜂科Torymidae	0.000 67	45	丽蝇科Calliphoridae	0.000 38	Ⅵ	缨翅目Thysanoptera	0.112 19
19	切叶蜂科Megachilidae	0.000 17	46	实蝇科Tephritidae	0.000 29	70	蓟马科Thripidae	0.100 18
20	蜜蜂科Apidae	0.000 13	47	食虫虻科Asilidae	0.000 21	71	纹蓟马科Aeolothripidae	0.012 01
21	胡蜂科Vespidae	0.000 13	Ⅲ	鞘翅目Coleoptera	0.016 28	Ⅶ	脉翅目Neuroptera	0.023 06
22	广肩小蜂科Eurytomidae	0.000 08	48	锯谷盗科Silvanidae	0.008 62	72	草蛉科Chrysopidae	0.023 06
23	小蜂科Chalcididae	0.000 08	49	隐翅甲科Staphylinidae	0.002 85	Ⅷ	啮目Corrodentia	0.003 47
24	青蜂科Chrysidoidea	0.000 08	50	瓢甲科Coccinellidae	0.001 97	73	分啮科Lachesillidae	0.003 47
Ⅱ	双翅目Diptera	0.398 40	51	豆象科Bruchidae	0.001 80	Ⅸ	蜻蜓目Odonata	0.000 08
25	蚤蝇科Phoridae	0.202 44	52	象甲科Curculionidae	0.000 38	74	蜻科Libellulidae	0.000 08
26	瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae	0.052 31	53	吉丁虫科Buprestidae	0.000 33