基于缩节胺调控的免打顶棉花群体结构及产量分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 1990-1999.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.004

• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培 • 上一篇下一篇

基于缩节胺调控的免打顶棉花群体结构及产量分析

石峰¹^,²(), 李海江³, 孙孝贵⁴, 时晓娟¹, 郝先哲¹, 田雨¹, 韩焕勇²()

1.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832000
2.新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所,新疆石河子 832003
3.第六师芳草湖农场,新疆呼图壁 831005
4.兵团第六师农业技术推广站,新疆五家渠 831008

收稿日期:2020-11-04 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-12-16
通信作者: 韩焕勇
作者简介:石峰(1996-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培生理,(E-mail) 1398654206@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101600);兵团科技创新人才计划(2020CB014);新疆兵团重点领域创新团队(2017CB011);新疆兵团重大专项(2016AA001-2,4)

Study on Population Structure and Yield of Topping-free Cotton Based on Regulation of DPC

SHI Feng¹^,²(), LI Haijiang³, SUN Xiaogui⁴, SHI Xiaojuan¹, HAO Xianzhe¹, TIAN Yu¹, HAN Huanyong²()

1. College of Agr, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. Cotton Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China
3. Fangcaohu Farm, The Sixth Division of Xinjiang, Hutubi Xinjiang 831005, China
4. Agricultural Technology Extension Station, The Sixth Division of Xinjiang, Wujiaqu Xinjiang 831008, China

Received:2020-11-04 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-12-16
Correspondence author: HAN Huanyong
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program Project(2017YFD0101600);The Science and Technology innovation talent plan of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2020CB014);Innovation Team in Key Areas of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2017CB011);National Science and Technology Major of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2016AA001-2,4)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】基于缩节胺调控的免打顶研究棉花农艺性状、冠层结构、光分布及产量的变化规律,为棉花轻简化栽培提供依据。【方法】选用对缩节胺相对敏感的品种新陆早67号(P₁)、Z901(P₂)、Z903(P₃)和澳棉sic75(P₄)为试验材料,采用缩节胺调控的免打顶方式,以人工打顶为对照(新陆早60号,CK),测定棉花农艺性状、冠层结构、透光率、干物质累积与分配及产量等指标。【结果】与人工打顶相比,免打顶棉花株高、果枝数和叶龄均显著增加,其中P₂株高、果枝数增幅均最大,分别达到了45.2%和100%;P₃叶龄的增幅较大,为39.4%。P₁叶面积指数峰值最大,P₂在达到峰值后降幅最小,仅19.6%;P₁冠层开度谷值最小,P₃在达到谷值后增幅最小;P₂叶倾角峰值最大,比CK高3.4%,P₃叶倾角峰值最小,仅比CK高0.91%。冠层各部位透光率在生育后期均表现为增加的趋势,以P₄上部透光率增幅最大,达到了27.1%,P₃增幅最小,仅为10.7%,P₂中部透光率增幅最大,达到了28.3%、P₄增幅最小,仅为14.6%,P₃下部增幅透光率增幅最大,达到了23.9%,P₄增幅最小,仅4.0%;P₃生殖器官和营养器官干物质量比例最大,达到了2.2∶1,P₁次之,为2.1∶1,但单株总干物质量累积增加最大,为81.9 g/株。P₁和P₃籽棉产量与CK相比差异不显著。【结论】选用对缩节胺敏感的棉花品种新陆早67号和Z903,于出苗、两叶一心、头水前、二水前、7月5日、7月12日前后分别喷施缩节胺(45+30+30+30+120+150)g/hm²,全程调控替代人工打顶,在不显著降低棉花产量的基础上,可降低生产成本46%,增加植棉效益。

关键词: 棉花; 缩节胺; 免打顶; 群体结构; 产量构成

Abstract:

【Objective】 The changing rule of agronomic characters, canopy structure, light distribution, and yield topping-free cotton based on regulation of DPC, which provide the basis for light and simplified cotton cultivation. 【Methods】 The varieties Xinluzao 67(P₁), Z901(P₂), Z903(P₃) and which relatively sensitive to mepiquat chloride were used as experiment material, the topping-free method DPC replace manual topping, manual topping as control (Xinluzao 60, CK) the agronomic characters, canopy structure, light transmittance, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and other indicators. 【Results】 The results showed that compared with manual topping, the plant height, the number of sympodials and the leaf age of topping-free cotton were increased significantly. them, the increasing range of P₂ plant height and the number of sympodials w, 45.2% and 100% respectively, and the increasing range of P₃ leaf age was larger, 39.4%. P₁ had the largest leaf area index, P₂ had the smallest decreasing amplitude after reaching the peak value, only 19.6%, P₁ had the smallest DIFN valley value, P₃ had the smallest increasing range after reaching the valley value, P₂ had the greatest MTA peak value which 3.4% taller than CK, while P₃ was smallest which only 0.9% taller than CK. The light transmittance of each part of the canopy showed an increasing trend in the later period of growth, among, P₄ upper canopy layer light transmittance had the largest increasing range which reached 27.1%, P₃ had the smallest increasing range which only 10.7% oppositely, P₂ middle canopy layer light transmittance increasing range was largest, 28.3%, P₄ had the smallest increasing range which only 14.6%, P₃ lower canopy layer light transmittance was largest, 23.9%, P₄ had the smallest increasing range which only 4.0%. The proportion of dry matter quality of reproductive organs to that of vegetative organs of P₃ was largest, 2.2∶1, P₁ 2.1∶1owever the cumulative increase in total dry matter mass per plant was the largest, at 81.9 g/plant. Compared with CK, the yield of P₁ and P₃ were not significantly. 【Conclusion】 The cotton varieties Xinluzao 67 and Z903, which are sensitive to mepiquat chloride, were sprayed with DPC (45+30+30+30+120+150) g/hm² before emergence, two leaves and one heart, before head water, before two water, July 5 and July 12, respectively, full-process DPC control instead of manual detopping, on the basis of not significantly reducing cotton yield which can reduce production costs by 46% and increase cotton planting benefits.

Key words: cotton; chloride; topping; structure; component

中图分类号:

S562

石峰, 李海江, 孙孝贵, 时晓娟, 郝先哲, 田雨, 韩焕勇. 基于缩节胺调控的免打顶棉花群体结构及产量分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 1990-1999.

SHI Feng, LI Haijiang, SUN Xiaogui, SHI Xiaojuan, HAO Xianzhe, TIAN Yu, HAN Huanyong. Study on Population Structure and Yield of Topping-free Cotton Based on Regulation of DPC[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 1990-1999.

图/表 9

图1 不同处理棉花株高的动态变化

Fig.1 The dynamic changes of plant height for different deals of cotton

图2 不同处理棉花果枝数的动态变化

Fig. 2 The dynamic changes of numbers of sympodials for different deals of cotton

图3 不同处理棉花叶龄的动态变化

Fig.3 The dynamic changes of leaf age for different deals of cotton

图4 不同处理棉花叶面积指数的动态变化

Fig.4 The dynamic changes of leaf area index for different deals of cotton

图5 不同处理棉花冠层开度的动态变化

Fig.5 The dynamic changes of DIFN for different deals of cotton

图6 不同处理品种棉花叶倾角的动态变化

Fig.6 The dynamic changes of MTA for different deals of cotton

图7 不同处理棉花透光率的动态变化注:U:冠层上部;M:冠层中部;L:冠层下部

Fig.7 The dynamic changes of light transmittance for different deals of cotton Note: U:Upper canopy layer;M:Middle canopy layer;L:Lower canopy layer

图8 不同处理棉花干物质累积与分配的的动态变化

Fig.8 The dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation and distribution for different deals of cotton

表1 不同处理棉花产量及产量构成

Table 1 Effect of different deals on the yield and its components of cotton

处理 Treatment	收获株数 Plant numbers (10⁴/hm²)	单株结铃 Effective Boll per plant (株/个)	总铃数 Total boll numbers (10⁴/hm²)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
P₁	17.8±0.79^b	5.9±0.71^a	111.2±12.40^a	4.8±0.34^a	45±0.01^a	5 295±631.00^ab
P₂	20.0±0.86^ab	5.1±0.50^a	101.0±7.44^a	4.5±0.30^a	41±0.01^b	4 563±336.49^b
P₃	21.0±0.42^a	5.0±0.13^a	103.8±2.60^a	4.6±0.23^a	42±0.01^b	4 774±119.56^ab
P₄	19.5±1.22^ab	6.2±0.45^a	119.8±4.52^a	3.7±0.18^b	41±0.01^b	4 458±168.02^b
CK	20.1±2.34^ab	5.7±1.07^a	112.6±10.42^a	5.1±0.43^a	45±0.00^a	5 685±526.23^a

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基于缩节胺调控的免打顶棉花群体结构及产量分析

Study on Population Structure and Yield of Topping-free Cotton Based on Regulation of DPC

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