不同树形对扁桃与冬小麦间作区域光环境的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.09.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9): 1639-1649.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.09.009

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同树形对扁桃与冬小麦间作区域光环境的影响

张雯^1,2, 周皓³, 刘翠荣⁴, 周玉梅⁵, 谢辉²

1.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003;
2.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091;
3.喀什地区农业技术推广中心,新疆喀什 844000;
4.喀什地区莎车县园艺站,新疆莎车 844700;
5.新疆农业大学科学技术学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2019-12-07 发布日期:2020-09-01
作者简介:张雯(1984-),女,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为果园生态与果实品质调控,(E-mail)zwxilin@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(地区科学基金项目31560138);新疆维吾尔自治区优秀青年科技人才培养项目(qn2016yx0234)

Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Regional Light Environment in Almond-Winter Wheat Intercropping Areas

ZHANG Wen^{1, 2}, ZHOU Hao³, LIU Cuirong⁴, ZHOU Yumei⁵, XIE Hui²

1. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China;
2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang) /Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
3. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Kashgar Prefecture, Kashgar Xinjiang 844000, China;
4. Garden Station of Shache County, Shache Xinjiang 844700, China;
5.College of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2019-12-07 Published:2020-09-01
Correspondence author: ZHANG Wen(1984-),female, associate research fellow, master, research direction: orchard ecology and fruit quality regulation, (E-mail) zwxilin@126.com
Supported by:
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560138); the Outstanding Young Science and Technology Talent Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (qn2016yx0234)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究果粮间作模式下,扁桃树形对间作冬小麦不同生育时期间作区域光环境的影响,为新疆南疆果粮间作模式下高光效树形的选择和间作种植模式的优化提供理论依据。【方法】 以扁桃-冬小麦间作模式为研究对象,设置小冠形、开心形、高秆形和分层形4个树形处理,于小麦拔节期、扬花期、灌浆期等生长关键时期,对远冠区、东西两侧近冠区、东西两侧冠下区等5个间作区域的PAR日变化动态和环境光谱指标进行测定分析。【结果】 新疆南疆地区扁桃-冬小麦间作模式下,不同间作区域PAR均呈单峰曲线日变化动态,扬花期至拔节期不同树形处理间作区域光照条件均明显劣变,小冠形、开心形、高秆形和分层形4个树形处理2个时期间的降幅分别达到18.93%、39.06%、23.24%和46.00%;扬花期扁桃对间作区域光环境的影响已基本趋于稳定,该时期不同树形间作区域PAR强度水平分为小冠形、高秆形和开心形、分层形三个水平,每日PAR强度维持在400～1 400 μmol/(m²·s)范围内的时间占在全天70%、40%和20%左右。【结论】 扁桃-冬小麦间作模式下,小麦拔节期至扬花期(4月8日~5月3日)间作区域光合有效辐射(PAR)日均值大幅降低,扬花期至灌浆期(5月3~25日)基本稳定;小冠形对应间作区域光环境条件优于开心形和高秆形,优于分层形。

关键词: 扁桃; 树形; 小麦; 间作; 光环境

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of different tree shapes on regional environment light condition in almond-winter wheat intercropping areas in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for selection and optimization of tree shape with high light efficiency under the fruit-grain intercropping mode in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 Taking the intercropping mode of almond-winter wheat as the research object, four tree-shaped treatments were set up, including small-canopy shape, open center shape, high-stem shape and stratified shape. During the key growth periods, such as jointing stage, flowering stage and grouting stage, the PAR diurnal variation dynamics and environmental spectral indexes of five intercropping areas, such as far-crown area, near tree canopy area on both east and west sides, under tree canopy area east and west sides were measured and analyzed.【Results】 Under the inter-cropping mode of almond and winter wheat in southern Xinjiang, the diurnal variation of PAR in different intercropping areas showed a single peak curve, the light conditions were obviously deteriorated from flowering stage to jointing stage in all almond trees during treatments, the rate of PAR descent between 2 stages of small-canopy shape, open-center shape, high-stem and trunk stratified form were in turn as 18.93%, 39.06%, 23.24% and 46.00%; The effect of almond tree on the light environment in intercropping area was basically stable at the stage of flowering. At this period, the light PAR intensity in intercropping areas of different tree shapes were divided into three levels, small-canopy shape, high-stem and open-center shape and the stratified shape. Daily PAR strength was within the 400-1 400 mol/(m²·s) range respectively which accounted for about 70%, 40%, and 20% of the day.【Conclusion】 Under the almond - winter wheat intercropping mode, during the jointing stage (8 April) to flowing stage (3 May), the daily mean value of PAR in intercropping areas decreased significantly, it was basically stable from flowering (3 May ) to grouting (25 May) stage without significant change. Based on the PAR daily variation of the intercropping region and the results of the analysis, the PAR daily average intensity and the light quality parameters of the intercropping region showed that the 4 tree shapes can be divided into three categories, the best is small-canopy shape, followed by open-center shape and high-stem shape. The two photoqualitative parameters "red orange/far infrared" and "near red light/far red light" can be used as evaluation indexes for the light environmental conditions in intercropping areas.

Key words: almond; tree canopy structure; wheat; intercropping; environment light condition

中图分类号:

张雯, 周皓, 刘翠荣, 周玉梅, 谢辉. 不同树形对扁桃与冬小麦间作区域光环境的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(9): 1639-1649.

ZHANG Wen, ZHOU Hao, LIU Cuirong, ZHOU Yumei, XIE Hui. Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Regional Light Environment in Almond-Winter Wheat Intercropping Areas[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(9): 1639-1649.

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不同树形对扁桃与冬小麦间作区域光环境的影响

Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Regional Light Environment in Almond-Winter Wheat Intercropping Areas

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