施钾和叶面喷施赤霉素对春小麦种子萌发的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究施钾和叶面喷施赤霉素对春小麦种子胚根性状、发根力、芽长、干物质转运与消耗等的影响,为研究栽培措施对小麦种子萌发的影响规律提供理论依据。【方法】以新春31号小麦为供试材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区施钾量(K)设K₀(0 kg/hm²)、K₁₈₀(180 kg/hm²)和K₃₆₀(360 kg/hm²)3个水平;裂区叶面喷施赤霉素量(G)设G₁(0 g/hm²)、G₂(8 g/hm²)、G₃(16 g/hm²)、G₄(24 g/hm²)和G₅(32 g/hm²)5个水平。【结果】施钾量对不同萌发时间的总根长、根系体积、根系平均直径、发根力、芽长及籽粒干物质转运率有显著影响。随着施钾量增加,总根长、根系体积、发根力和芽长均表现为下降趋势,而根系平均直径则反之;籽粒干物质转运率随着施钾量增加表现为先升高后下降的趋势;其中,K₁₈₀水平比K₀和K₃₆₀水平显著高26.51％和38.15％。叶面喷施赤霉素对不同萌发时间的根系表面积、发根力和芽长影响显著。增加赤霉素用量,根系表面积下降,而发根力和芽长均表现为先增加后下降的趋势,且分别于G₃和G₂水平下达到最大,比G₀水平分别高25.89％和6.05％。随着萌发时间的推进,根系总根长呈线性增加趋势;根系表面积呈先增加,至第4 d后趋于平稳的变化趋势;而根系体积和根系平均直径均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,且均于第4 d时达到最大。籽粒干物质转运率(Y₁)和消耗率(Y₂)的变化符合二次方程,分别为:Y₁ = 0.579 7 X² + 3.682 X + 0.246 6,Y₂ = 0.021 5 X² + 5.082 3 X + 4.064 6。【结论】施钾和叶面喷施赤霉素对小麦种子萌发有显著性影响,施钾量为180 kg/hm²、叶面喷施赤霉素为16 g/hm²时,有利于小麦萌发和幼苗壮苗。

关键词: 小麦; 施钾量; 赤霉素; 种子萌发

Abstract: 【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of gibberellin spraying and foliar application of gibberellin on seed radicle traits, root ability, bud length, transport and consumption of dry matter in spring wheat in order to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the effect of cultivation measures on seed germination of wheat.【Method】 Using wheat Xinchun 31 as the test material, the experimental design of split area was adopted. The main plot was potassium rate (K) at three levels, 0, 180 and 360 kg/hm², marked K₀, K₁₈₀ and K₃₆₀, and split block were five gibberellin application rate(G) levels at 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g/hm², marked G₁, G₂, G₃, G₄ and G₅.【Result】 K application on different germination time of the total root length, root volume, root average diameter, rooting ability, bud length and dry matter of grain transport rate had a significant impact. The total root length, root volume, root and shoot length showed a significant decline with the increase of K application rate, while the root mean diameter was vice versa; Transport rate of dry matter of grain increased first and then decreased with the increase of K application rate; Among them, K₁₈₀ levels were 26.51% and 38.15% higher than K₀ and K₃₆₀ levels significantly. Leaf spraying with gibberellin had significant effects on root surface area, rooting ability and bud length at different germination times. The root surface area decreased with the increase of gibberellin dosage, but the root force and bud length increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at G₃ and G₂ levels, which were 25.89% and 6.05% higher than those at G₀ level, respectively. With the advance of germination time, the total root length increased linearly, the root surface area increased first, and the root volume and mean diameter increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum on the 4 th day. Transfer rate of dry matter of grain (Y₁) and the change of consumption rate (Y₂) accord with the quadratic equation, respectively: Y₁ = 0.579,7 X₂ + 3.682 X + 0.246,6,Y₂ = 0.021,5 X₂ + 5.082,3 X + 4.064,6.【Conclusion】 Potassium and spraying on the leaf with gibberellin had a significant effect on wheat seed germination, and the optimum potassium rate is 180 kg/hm², spraying gibberellin on the leaf is 16 g/hm², which is advantageous to the germination and seedling of wheat seedling.

Key words: wheat; potassium rate; gibberellins; seed germination

中图分类号:

S512

张金汕,贾永红,孙鹏,刘俊,帕日旦·买提库尔班,谢日排姆·艾柯木,石书兵. 施钾和叶面喷施赤霉素对春小麦种子萌发的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(8): 1384-1391.

ZHANG Jin-shan, JIA Yong-hong, SUN Peng, LIU Jun, Paridan Maitikuerban, Xieripaimu Aikemu, SHI Shu-bing. Effects of Potassium Application and Leaf Spraying with Gibberellin on Seed Germination of Spring Wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(8): 1384-1391.

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