Effects of exogenous sugar alcohol calciumon the quality and volatile substances of Kumaiti apricot

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.011

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 876-886.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.011

• Horticultural Special Local Products · Forestry · Agricultural Product Processing Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of exogenous sugar alcohol calciumon the quality and volatile substances of Kumaiti apricot

HUA Hui¹(), ZENG Xueling¹, TANG Zhanghu², WANG Shaopeng², YU Shuiyun¹, ZHANG Shikui², ZHOU Weiquan¹^,³()

1. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Luntai Fruit Tree Germplasm Resource Nursery, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai Xinjiang 841600,China
3. Horticultural Postdoc Mobile Station of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2024-09-21 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-20
Supported by:
Student Innovation Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University(S202410758066);2024 Special Fund of Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;Xinjiang Endemic Fruit Germplasm Resources Conservation Project(19230836);National Horticultural Germplasm Xinjiang Special Fruit Trees and Rootstocks Sub-bank Operation Service(NHGRC2023-NH13)

外源糖醇钙对库买提杏果实品质及挥发性物质的影响

花卉¹(), 曾雪玲¹, 唐章虎², 王绍鹏², 于水云¹, 章世奎², 周伟权¹^,³()

1.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院轮台果树资源圃,新疆轮台 841600
3.新疆农业大学园艺学博士后流动站,乌鲁木齐 830052

通讯作者: 周伟权(1992-),男,甘肃武威人,博士,研究方向为果树种质资源与栽培生理,(E-mail)zhouwq1120@163.com
作者简介:花卉(2004-),女,甘肃嘉峪关人,本科生,研究方向为果树栽培生理,(E-mail)xuelingz0118@163.com
基金资助:
新疆农业大学大学生创新项目(S202410758066);2024新疆维吾尔自治区林草局专项资金;新疆特有果树种质资源安全保存项目(19230836);国家园艺种质新疆名特果树及砧木分库运行服务(NHGRC2023-NH13)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of calcium sugar alcohol spray before harvest on the quality and volatile substances of apricot fruit in Kumaiti. 【Methods】 Using Kumaiti as the test material, the fruit quality at maturity was determined by spraying 800, 1,200, 1,600 times diluted calcium sugar alcohol calcium solution before harvest. At the same time, headspace solid phase microextractivity-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the volatile compounds of apricot fruit at maturity stage. 【Results】 The quality of apricot fruit was improved by applying sugar alcohol calcium before harvest, among which KMT-800 treatment was the most significant. The single fruit weight, fruit hardness, soluble solids, vitamin C content and titrable acid content were increased by 8.50%, 64.13%, 31.05%, 61.03% and 86.57% compared with CK. The total content of volatile substances in Kumaiti fruit treated with different concentrations of calcium sugar alcohol was significantly higher than CK. The content of volatile substances in fruits treated with KMT-800 was the highest, which was (220.89±26.88) μg/g, an increase of 48% compared with CK. The total content of volatile substances in fruits of KMT-1,200 treatment and KMT-1,600 treatment increased by 39% and 25%, respectively.A total of 59 key aroma substances were screened, the contents of terpenoids, heterocyclic compounds, alcohols, phenols and ketones were significantly different from those of CK treatment. 【Conclusion】 The results show that the treatment of KMT-800 sugar alcohol calcium has the best effect on improving the quality and volatile substances of apricot fruit.

Key words: sugar alcohol calcium; apricot; fruit quality; volatile substance; aroma characteristics

摘要：

【目的】探究采前喷施糖醇钙对库买提杏果实品质及挥发性物质的影响。【方法】以库买提杏为试材,采前喷施稀释800、1 200和1 600倍糖醇钙溶液,测定成熟期的果实品质,同时利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)联用技术,测定成熟期库买提杏果实的挥发性物质。【结果】采前喷施糖醇钙均能提高杏果实品质,其中KMT-800处理最为显著,单果重、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、VC含量和可滴定酸含量较CK增加了8.50%、64.13%、31.05%、61.03%和86.57%。不同浓度的糖醇钙处理库买提杏果实的挥发性物质总含量均显著高于CK,其中KMT-800处理果实的挥发性物质含量最高,为(220.89±26.88) μg/g,较CK增加了48%,其次是KMT-1200处理、KMT-1600处理,果实挥发性物质总含量较CK分别增加了39%、25%。筛选出59种关键香气物质,其中萜类、杂环化合物、醇类、酚类和酮类化合物含量与CK处理存在显著差异。【结论】KMT-800糖醇钙处理在提高库买提杏果实品质及挥发性物质效果最佳。

关键词: 糖醇钙, 杏, 果实品质, 挥发性物质, 香气特征

CLC Number:

S602.2

HUA Hui, ZENG Xueling, TANG Zhanghu, WANG Shaopeng, YU Shuiyun, ZHANG Shikui, ZHOU Weiquan. Effects of exogenous sugar alcohol calciumon the quality and volatile substances of Kumaiti apricot[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 876-886.

花卉, 曾雪玲, 唐章虎, 王绍鹏, 于水云, 章世奎, 周伟权. 外源糖醇钙对库买提杏果实品质及挥发性物质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 876-886.

Figures/Tables 5

References 24

[1]	于文剑, 杨丽, 张俊环, 等. 杏果实风味形成及调控机制研究进展[J]. 果树学报, 2023, 40(12): 2624-2637.
	YU Wenjian, YANG Li, ZHANG Junhuan, et al. Research progress on the mechanism of flavor formation and regulation in apricot[J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2023, 40(12): 2624-2637.
[2]	廖康. 新疆杏资源研究进展[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科学技术出版社, 2014: 1-2.
	LIAO Kang. Research progress of apricot resources in Xinjiang[M]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang Science and Technology Press, 2014: 1-2.
[3]	杜彬花, 热合满·艾拉, 陈琪, 等. 库买提杏中主要类胡萝卜素的组成和含量分析[J]. 食品科学, 2019, 40(18): 189-194. DOI
	DU Binhua, Reheman Aila, CHEN Qi, et al. College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University;College of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural Univers, CHEN Qi, et al. Identification and quantification of major carotenoids in kumaiti apricot[J]. Food Science, 2019, 40(18): 189-194. DOI
[4]	王永博, 王亚茹, 李勇, 等. 钙在果实生长发育中的作用[J]. 河北农业科学, 2014, 18(4): 25-28, 33.
	WANG Yongbo, WANG Yaru, LI Yong, et al. The function of calcium in the fruit growth and development[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 18(4): 25-28, 33.
[5]	廖俭, 李大志, 李娜, 等. 采前喷施糖醇钙对橘湘早温州蜜柑果实品质和贮藏性的影响[J]. 中国果树, 2022,(7): 23-26.
	LIAO Jian, LI Dazhi, LI Na, et al. Effect of preharvest spraying sugar alcohol calcium on fruit quality and storability of ‘Juxiangzao’ Satsuma mandarin[J]. China Fruits, 2022,(7): 23-26.
[6]	吴运星, 董晓庆, 李悦, 等. 采前喷施氯化钙和糖醇钙对‘蜂糖李’果实品质及贮藏性能的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2024, 50(2): 191-196. DOI
	WU Yunxing, DONG Xiaoqing, LI Yue, et al. Effects of preharvest calcium chloride and sugar alcohol calcium spraying on fruit quality and storage performance of‘Fengtang’plum[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2024, 50(2): 191-196. DOI
[7]	Ortiz A, Graell J, Lara I. Preharvest calcium sprays improve volatile emission at commercial harvest of ‘Fuji Kiku-8’ apples[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(1): 335-341. DOI PMID
[8]	Wei S W, Qin G H, Zhang H P, et al. Calcium treatments promote the aroma volatiles emission of pear (Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Nanguoli’) fruit during post-harvest ripening process[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2017, 215: 102-111.
[9]	赵婷. 叶幕喷施磷酸二氢钾和钙对赤霞珠葡萄果实风味品质的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2019.
	ZHAO Ting. Influence of foliar sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium on fruit flavor quality of cabernet sauvignon (Vitis Vinifera)[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2019.
[10]	Mihaylova D, Popova A, Dincheva I. Pattern recognition of varieties of peach fruit and pulp from their volatile components and metabolic profile using HS-SPME-GC/MS combined with multivariable statistical analysis[J]. Plants, 2022, 11(23): 3219.
[11]	酆炳森, 刘凌霄, 孙杰, 等. 不同采收成熟度黄金蜜桃果实的品质分析[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2023, 49(21): 175-182. DOI
	FENG Bingsen, LIU Lingxiao, SUN Jie, et al. Quality analysis of golden peach fruits with different harvest maturity[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(21): 175-182. DOI
[12]	曹建康, 姜微波, 赵玉梅. 果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M]. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2007.
	CAO Jiankang, JIANG Weibo, ZHAO Yumei. Postharvest physiological and biochemical laboratory guidance for fruits and vegetables[M]. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2007.
[13]	张伟清, 林媚, 徐程楠, 等. 柑橘可溶性固形物和总酸含量测定方法比较[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2019, 60(11): 2094-2095, 2099. DOI
	ZHANG Weiqing, Lin Mei, Xu Chengnan, et al. Determination methods comparison of soluble solids content and total acid content in Citrus[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 60(11): 2094-2095, 2099.
[14]	Yang Y J, Ai L Z, Mu Z Y, et al. Flavor compounds with high odor activity values (OAV > 1) dominate the aroma of aged Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) by molecular association[J]. Food Chemistry, 2022, 383: 132370.
[15]	刘格格, 毕金峰, 苟敏, 等. 基于GC-MS及电子鼻技术结合化学计量法表征8种白桃关键香气的差异[J]. 食品科学, 2023, 44(18): 277-285.
	LIU Gege, BI Jinfeng, GOU Min, et al. Gas chromatography and electronic nose combined with chemometrics to investigate differences in key aroma components in eight white-fleshed peach cultivars[J]. Food Science, 2023, 44(18): 277-285. DOI
[16]	蒋侬辉, 向旭, 钟云, 等. 6个特早熟与早熟荔枝种质果实挥发性化合物的鉴定及香气特征分析[J]. 果树学报, 2023, 40(9): 1915-1931.
	JIANG Nonghui, XIANG Xu, ZHONG Yun, et al. Identification of volatile compounds and analysis of aroma characteristics in Litchi fruits of 6 special-early maturing and early maturing germplasms[J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2023, 40(9): 1915-1931.
[17]	周晓肖, 朱磊, 李伟龙. 外源钙处理对草莓品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2023, 64(6): 1556-1559. DOI
	ZHOU Xiaoxiao, ZHU Lei, LI Weilong. Effect of exogenous calcium treatment on quality of strawberry[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 64(6): 1556-1559.
[18]	欧志锋, 刘利, 姜远茂, 等. 采前喷钙对红富士苹果果实品质及贮藏性能的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2013, 39(12): 192-196. DOI
	OU Zhifeng, LIU Li, JIANG Yuanmao, et al. Effects of preharvest calcium sprays on quality and storage properties of Red Fuji apple(Malus pumila Mill)[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2013, 39(12): 192-196. DOI
[19]	王清华, 杜振宇, 杨守军, 等. 采前喷施氯化钙与醋酸钙对冬枣品质和贮藏性的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2020,(1): 141-146.
	WANG Qinghua, DU Zhenyu, YANG Shoujun, et al. Effects of pre-harvest application of calcium chloride and calcium acetate on fruit quality and storability of winter jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.cv.Dongzao)[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2020,(1): 141-146.
[20]	Khasawneh A E R, Alsmairat N, Othman Y A, et al. Influence of nitrogen source on physiology, yield and fruit quality of young apricot trees[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2021, 44(17): 2597-2608. DOI
[21]	魏树伟, 王少敏, 王宏伟, 等. 钙处理对‘南果梨’果皮微观结构、蜡质成分及香气释放的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(6): 1197-1207. DOI
	WEI Shuwei, WANG Shaomin, WANG Hongwei, et al. Effects of calcium treatment on microstructure, waxy components and aroma emission of’Nanguoli’Pear[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(6): 1197-1207. DOI
[22]	Zhang L, Wang J W, Chen J Y, et al. Preharvest spraying calcium ameliorated aroma weakening and kept higher aroma-related genes expression level in postharvest ‘Nanguo’ pears after long-term refrigerated storage[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2019, 247: 287-295. DOI
[23]	Tan F L, Wang P, Zhan P, et al. Characterization of key aroma compounds in flat peach juice based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O), odor activity value (OAV), aroma recombination, and omission experiments[J]. Food Chemistry, 2022, 366: 130604.
[24]	赵彩, 孙金奎, 李甜, 等. HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS结合ROAV值鉴定新疆库车小白杏的关键香气物质[J]. 现代食品科技, 2023, 39(8): 228-236.
	ZHAO Cai, SUN Jinkui, LI Tian, et al. Identifying key aroma compounds of xiaobai apricots in kuqa region, Xinjiang using HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS coupled with relative odor activity value[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2023, 39(8): 228-236.

组织部位 Organizational parts	指标 Indexes	CK	KMT-800	KMT-1 200	KMT-1 600
果实 Fruit	单果重(g)	19.64±0.41^b	21.31±0.75^a	19.67±0.42^b	19.21±0.24^b
	果实硬度(kg/cm²)	5.66±0.12^b	9.29±0.32^a	8.83±0.20^a	8.86±0.20^a
	果形指数	1.07±0.01^a	1.05±0.02^a	1.08±0.01^a	1.06±0.01^a
	可溶性固形物(%)	17.94±0.36^c	23.51±1.20^a	17.05±1.12^c	20.52±0.55^b
	VC含量(mg/100g)	2.72±0.00^b	4.38±0.54^a	3.78±0.66^ab	3.54±0.09^ab
	可滴定酸(mg/g)	2.83±0.07^c	5.28±0.37^a	4.09±0.52^b	3.42±0.27^bc
	可溶性糖(mg/g)	20.76±2.94^a	28.63±3.02^a	21.92±0.39^a	24.88±3.25^a
果皮 Peel	L^*	29.07±0.73^ab	27.83±1.00^ab	29.42±2.66^a	27.06±0.84^b
	a^*	7.64±0.46^a	6.11±0.41^ab	4.74±0.49^b	7.62±0.88^a
	b^*	13.23±0.75^a	11.40±0.30^ab	12.48±0.72^a	9.98±1.04^b
	h^*	59.55±2.61^ab	61.93±1.68^ab	68.54±3.08^a	52.67±4.50^b
	c^*	15.41±0.54^a	12.98±0.35^b	13.49±0.53^b	12.87±0.93^b
	CCI	18.87±1.02^b	24.53±2.05^a	12.12±1.12^c	17.12±0.64^b
果肉 Flesh	L^*	28.99±0.42^a	27.12±0.32^b	28.79±0.55^a	27.77±0.34^ab
	a^*	6.37±0.61^a	4.86±0.61^ab	4.23±0.45^b	5.15±0.36^ab
	b^*	11.79±0.47^a	8.55±0.49^c	10.35±0.55^ab	9.45±0.65^bc
	h^*	62.01±1.96^ab	61.25±2.45^b	67.72±2.24^a	61.35±1.23^b
	c^*	13.46±0.62^a	9.90±0.68^b	11.24±0.56^b	10.78±0.70^b
	CCI	13.90±0.46^c	23.62±0.33^a	16.20±1.73^bc	19.60±2.38^ab

组织部位 Organizational parts	指标 Indexes	CK	KMT-800	KMT-1 200	KMT-1 600
果实 Fruit	单果重(g)	19.64±0.41^b	21.31±0.75^a	19.67±0.42^b	19.21±0.24^b
	果实硬度(kg/cm²)	5.66±0.12^b	9.29±0.32^a	8.83±0.20^a	8.86±0.20^a
	果形指数	1.07±0.01^a	1.05±0.02^a	1.08±0.01^a	1.06±0.01^a
	可溶性固形物(%)	17.94±0.36^c	23.51±1.20^a	17.05±1.12^c	20.52±0.55^b
	VC含量(mg/100g)	2.72±0.00^b	4.38±0.54^a	3.78±0.66^ab	3.54±0.09^ab
	可滴定酸(mg/g)	2.83±0.07^c	5.28±0.37^a	4.09±0.52^b	3.42±0.27^bc
	可溶性糖(mg/g)	20.76±2.94^a	28.63±3.02^a	21.92±0.39^a	24.88±3.25^a
果皮 Peel	L^*	29.07±0.73^ab	27.83±1.00^ab	29.42±2.66^a	27.06±0.84^b
	a^*	7.64±0.46^a	6.11±0.41^ab	4.74±0.49^b	7.62±0.88^a
	b^*	13.23±0.75^a	11.40±0.30^ab	12.48±0.72^a	9.98±1.04^b
	h^*	59.55±2.61^ab	61.93±1.68^ab	68.54±3.08^a	52.67±4.50^b
	c^*	15.41±0.54^a	12.98±0.35^b	13.49±0.53^b	12.87±0.93^b
	CCI	18.87±1.02^b	24.53±2.05^a	12.12±1.12^c	17.12±0.64^b
果肉 Flesh	L^*	28.99±0.42^a	27.12±0.32^b	28.79±0.55^a	27.77±0.34^ab
	a^*	6.37±0.61^a	4.86±0.61^ab	4.23±0.45^b	5.15±0.36^ab
	b^*	11.79±0.47^a	8.55±0.49^c	10.35±0.55^ab	9.45±0.65^bc
	h^*	62.01±1.96^ab	61.25±2.45^b	67.72±2.24^a	61.35±1.23^b
	c^*	13.46±0.62^a	9.90±0.68^b	11.24±0.56^b	10.78±0.70^b
	CCI	13.90±0.46^c	23.62±0.33^a	16.20±1.73^bc	19.60±2.38^ab

Effects of exogenous sugar alcohol calciumon the quality and volatile substances of Kumaiti apricot

外源糖醇钙对库买提杏果实品质及挥发性物质的影响

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 5

References 24

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	CHEN Jun, ZHANG Qi, YANG Mengyu, YUAN Zhenyang. Effects of grass growing on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 936-943.
[2]	MA Xintong, QIN Lihuan, Sumirikezi Kaisaer, ZHANG Dahai, Gulimire Kasimu, Waili Kadier, ZENG Bin, XIE Hui. Analysis of sugar and acid components and contents in different varieties of apricot fruits [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 669-677.
[3]	ZHANG Hao, ZHANG Zhen, YUAN Yuyao, WANG Chengwei, ZHAO Zhengyu, WEI Jia, WU Bin. Control of Plodia interpunctella by hypobaric treatment combined with sulfur dioxide (SO₂) fumigation on dried apricot [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 688-695.
[4]	ZHANG Tengyi, LI Qianli, FENG Beibei, NAN Kun, YAN Peng, GENG Wenjuan. Determination of harvest date of Golden Delicious, Harlikar and Ruixue apples and their dynamic study on fruit quality [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 314-323.
[5]	LI Tianle, BAI Xinlu, AN Shijie, ZHENG Qiangqing, TANG Zhihui, ZHI Jinhu. Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the growth, fruit quality and yield of Korla Fragrant Pear [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 335-342.
[6]	YIN Meilin, LIN Minjuan, JING Shuangquan, XIONG Renci. Effects of branch pulling angles on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of jujube [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 343-349.
[7]	JIN Juan, LI lili, YANG Lei, FAN Dingyu, HAO Qing. Analysis on the Development status of Xinjiang Jujube Industry [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(S1): 106-110.
[8]	ZENG Wanqi, HAN Duohong, FENG Junren. Physiological study of frost damage on flower organs of nine apricot varieties in arid desert area [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2223-2229.
[9]	CHEN Fang, LI Zihui, SUNXiaogui , ZHANG Tingjun. Different dosage of microbial agents on the yield and quality of processed tomatoes [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2285-2289.
[10]	ZHANG Fulin, LI Ning, LIU Yuxiang, CHEN Yijia, YU Qinghui, YAN Huizhuan. Effects of exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide and melatonin on fruit quality and peel morphology of cherry tomato [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1738-1747.
[11]	HUANG Jinyue, XU Min, WANG Longfei, LIU Xinyi, GUO Yuqing, WU Xiaolan, WANG Yatong, ZHANG Shikui, FAN Guoquan. Changes of pectin components and enzyme activities during the development of apricot fruits [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1407-1415.
[12]	WANG Jijiao, PAN Yue, WANG Shiwei, HAN Zhengwei, MA Yong, HU Haifang, WANG Baoqing. Canonical correlation analysis of soil nutrients and the quality of Beibinghong grape juice [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 355-364.
[13]	HU Jinge, BAI Shijian, ZHENG Ming. Difference analysis between thompson seedless and bud mutation long-berry thompson seedless grape [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 2954-2965.
[14]	YAN Wenjing, QIN Lihuan, Aliya Alimu, ZHANG Dahai, LI Jiale, LI Huan, XIE Hui. Study on germination and seedling growth characteristics of Dried Apricot seeds with different treatments [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 2976-2986.
[15]	CHENG Yunxia, TAN Zhanming, GUO Ling, LI Wenwen, DU Jiageng. Effects of different drought stresses on anatomical structure of roots, stems and leaves of two apricot varieties [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(11): 2684-2692.