Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 2094-2102.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.003

• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of defoliants on the physiological characteristics of cotton varieties with different sensitivities

LI Yongtai(), GAO Axiang, LI Yanjun, ZHANG Xinyu()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
  • Received:2024-02-19 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-10-09
  • Correspondence author: ZHANG Xinyu
  • Supported by:
    Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860395)

脱叶剂对不同敏感性棉花品种生理特性的影响

李永泰(), 高阿香, 李艳军, 张新宇()   

  1. 石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832000
  • 通讯作者: 张新宇
  • 作者简介:李永泰(2000-),男,甘肃人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花分子育种,(E-mail)2049706098@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31860395)

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effects of defoliants on the physiological characteristics of cotton varieties with different sensitivities and whether the seedling stage can be used as a period for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties. 【Methods】 Two varieties with different sensitivities (Shida 5203, sensitive; 153, insensitive) to defoliants were selected as materials to compare the physiological characteristics between sensitive and insensitive varieties after spraying defoliants at both seedling and boll opening stages. 【Results】 The results showed that after defoliation treatment at a concentration of 10mg/L at the seedling stage, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and auxin (IAA) contents of Shida 5203 and 153 leaves were significantly reduced compared to the control (water treatment), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and abscisic acid (ABA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity were significantly increased compared to the control, defoliation treatment caused damage to cotton leaves, disruption of the photosynthetic system and hormone balance. Compared with the insensitive variety 153, the sensitive variety Shida 5203 showed a significant decrease in Pn, Gs, Tr, chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content and IAA content, a significant increase in MDA and ABA content and a small increase in SOD and POD enzyme activity, indicating that the sensitive variety Shida 5203 suffered greater damage on its leaves, producing fewer protective enzymes SOD and POD to resist external invasion, and less IAA and more ABA promoting leaf abscission. After spraying defoliants at the seedling stage, the trend of changes in various physiological indicators was consistent with that at the boll opening stage, and the content of MDA, IAA and ABA were significantly different between the two varieties after the spraying defoliants at both seedling and boll opening stages. 【Conclusion】 The seedling stage can be used as a period for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties, and the content of MDA, IAA and ABA after spraying defoliant can be used as physiological indicators for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties.

Key words: cotton; defoliants; antioxidant enzymes; endogenous hormones; photosynthetic characteristics

摘要:

【目的】研究脱叶剂对不同敏感性棉花品种生理特性的影响以及筛选脱叶剂敏感品种的生育时期。【方法】选取2个对脱叶剂敏感性有差异的棉花品种石大5203(敏感)和153(迟钝)为材料,比较分析苗期和吐絮期喷施脱叶剂后敏感品种和迟钝品种生理特性相关的指标。【结果】棉花苗期经10 mg/L浓度脱叶处理后,石大5203和153叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素a、总叶绿素和生长素(IAA)含量与对照(水处理)相比均明显降低,丙二醛(MDA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性与对照相比均明显升高,脱叶处理使棉花叶片受到损伤、光合系统受到破坏、激素平衡被打破。与迟钝品种153相比,敏感品种石大5203中PnGsTr、叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量、IAA的含量下降幅度均较大,MDA和ABA含量升高幅度均较大、SOD和POD酶活性升高幅度均较小,敏感品种5203叶片受到的损伤较大,产生了较少保护性酶SOD和POD抵抗外界的侵害,较少的IAA和较多的ABA促进叶片脱落。苗期和吐絮期喷施脱叶剂后,其2个品种间MDA、IAA和ABA含量存在显著差异,但同一品种,苗期和吐絮期喷施脱叶剂后,其生理指标变化趋势一致。【结论】苗期和吐絮期喷施脱叶剂后,其丙二醛(MDA)、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)变化特征均可作为筛选脱叶剂敏感品种的生理指标。

关键词: 棉花, 脱叶剂, 抗氧化酶, 内源激素, 光合特性

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