Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to analyze the genetic diversity of introduced flax germplasm resources and to provide abundant genetic parents for flax breeding. 【Method】 The genetic diversity, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 144 flax germplasms were conducted based on 24 agronomic traits.【Result】 The genetic diversity of 144 materials in 13 quality traits and 11 quantitative traits ranged from 0.37 to 1.20 and 1.97 to 2.09, with an average of 0.83 and 2.03, showing a higher genetic diversity. The variation coefficients of quantitative traits were from 6.22% to 40.74%, and the variation coefficients of capsule number, 1,000 grain weight and technical length were higher than those of others traits, and these yield-related traits had a larger selection space in flax breeding. In the correlation analysis of agronomic traits, "height factor" had a significant negative correlation with "branch factor" and "seed size factor". Plant height had no significant correlation with the number of capsules. The main reason was that the oil-fiber dual purpose flax had higher plant height, longer technological length, more number of branches and more capsule numbers, which interfered with the correlation between plant height and capsule numbers. The nine principal components (PC1-PC9) accounted for about 73.57% of the phenotypic variation, and the first two principal components accounted for 32.31%. PC1 represented "characteristic trait factor of oil flax", and PC2 represented "characteristic trait factor of fiber flax". 144 flax germplasms were aggregated into two populations, fiber and oil based on 24 agronomic traits. divided into fiber flax and oil flax based on 24 agronomic traits. 【Conclusion 】 The introduced flax germplasm resources have high genetic diversity. Morphological markers were first used to distinguish fiber flax from oil flax, indicating that yield-related traits were mainly selected in the process of flax acclimation. These results provided a basis for the selection of parents and the innovation of germplasm in cultivated flax breeding.

Key words: flax (Linum usitatissimum L.); foreign germplasm; agronomic traits; genetic diversity

摘要： 【目的】 分析国外引进亚麻种质资源遗传多样性,为栽培亚麻育种亲本选择和种质创新提供依据。【方法】 以144份亚麻种质为材料,利用24个农艺性状对种质资源进行遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】 144份材料13个质量性状和11个数量性状的遗传多样性指数变幅在0.37～1.20和1.97～2.09,平均为0.83和2.03,表现为较高的遗传多样性。引进亚麻种质资源数量性状变异系数在6.22%～40.74％,其中蒴果数、千粒重、工艺长度的变异系数均较高,这些产量相关性状在亚麻育种中有较大的选择空间。各农艺性状相关性分析中,“高度因子”与“分枝因子”、“种子大小因子”呈显著负相关,株高与蒴果数未呈显著相关性,兼用亚麻株高、工艺长度、分枝数、蒴果数均较高从而对株高和蒴果数相关性造成干扰。9个主成分(PC1-PC9)解释约73.57%的表型变异,前2个主成分约占32.31%。PC1代表“油用亚麻特征性状因子”,PC2代表“纤用亚麻特征性状因子”。利用24个农艺性状将144份亚麻材料聚为纤用和油用两个群体。【结论】 国外引进亚麻种质资源具有较高的遗传多样性,形态学标记最先将纤用亚麻和油用亚麻区分开,亚麻驯化过程中产量相关性状受到主要选择。

关键词: 亚麻, 国外种质, 农艺性状, 遗传多样性