Effects of increasing organicfertilizer and reducing chemical fertilizer on fruit quality of Xiahei grape in arid areas

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of decreasing the amount of organic fertilizer and drip irrigation fertilizer on the growth and development of grape and fruit quality. 【Methods】 7 years age Xiahei grapes were taken as test materials, and five treatments were set: three years in a row without fertilization (CK), three consecutive years fertilization of chemical fertilizer (T₀), organic fertilizer + one reduction year fertilizer (T₁), organic fertilizer + two years reduction years (T₂), organic fertilizers + three years reduction chemical fertilizer (T₃). The effects of increasing organic fertilizer and decreasing the amount of chemical fertilizer on drip application was studied by continuous 3a positioning experiment. 【Results】 The experimental results showed that the longitudinal and transverse diameters of Xiahei grape fruits in the two rapid expansion periods (15-22 d and 36-43 d after flowering) under T₂ treatment were the largest, and the single fruit weight, single spike weight and yield were 14.6%, 4.8% and 4.7% higher than that of T₀, respectively, followed by T₃.During the expansion period, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of grape leaves under T₂ treatment were significantly higher than that of T₀, which accelerated the accumulation of photosynthetic products. For grape fruit coloring and fruit quality, anthocyanin content in grape skins under T₂ treatment was 22.0% higher than that of T₀, accelerated chlorophyll decomposition and promoted fruit coloring, followed by T₃. The soluble solids, saccharin acid ratio, sugar content, vitamin C and total phenol of fruits were significantly increased under T₂ treatment. 【Conclusion】 The organic fertilizer and the drop fertilizer have obvious positive effects on the growth and quality of grape.

Key words: organic fertilizer; chemical fertilizers; grape; growth; quality

摘要：

【目的】研究增施有机肥及连续减量滴施化肥对夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响。【方法】以7 a生夏黑葡萄为试验材料,设连续3年未施肥(CK)、连续3年单施化肥(T₀)、增施有机肥+1年减量滴施化肥(T₁)、增施有机肥+连续2年减量滴施化肥(T₂)、增施有机肥+连续3年减量滴施化肥(T₃)5个处理,连续3 a定位试验,研究不同年限增施有机肥与化肥减量滴施对夏黑葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响。【结果】T₂处理下夏黑葡萄果实纵、横径2次膨大快速期(花后15~22 d和36~43 d)均为最大,单果重、单穗重、产量较T₀分别提高了14.6%、4.8%和4.7%,其次为T₃。膨大时期T₂处理下葡萄叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率在各处理中均为最高;对于葡萄果实着色及果实品质, T₂处理下葡萄果皮花青素含量比T₀提高了22.0%,加快了叶绿素分解,促进了果实着色,其次为T₃;T₂处理下果实可溶性固形物、糖酸比、各类糖、VC、总酚含量等均显著提高。【结论】T₂处理在促进葡萄生长、品质方面具有积极作用,T₃效果次之,T₁与T₀间差异不大,滴灌条件下增施有机肥与减量滴施化肥在第二年时效果最佳。

关键词: 有机肥, 化肥, 葡萄, 生长, 品质

CLC Number:

S663.1

LYU Qi, ZHANG Xiaohui, ZHANG Jinzhi, WANG Jingjing. Effects of increasing organicfertilizer and reducing chemical fertilizer on fruit quality of Xiahei grape in arid areas[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 894-902.

吕齐, 张晓晖, 张金枝, 王菁菁. 增施有机肥与减量滴施化肥对干旱区夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 894-902.

Figures/Tables 9

References 25

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处理 Treatments	说明(施加时间) Description (Application time)	基肥 Basal Fertilizer	追肥(化肥) T₀ pdressing(Chemical fertilizer) (kg/hm²)
处理 Treatments	说明(施加时间) Description (Application time)	有机肥施加总量 Total amount of organic fertilizer applied(kg/hm²)	尿素 Urea	磷酸一铵 Monoammonium phosphate	硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate
CK	连续三年未施肥 (2021年-2023年)	0	0	0	0
T₀	连续三年单施化肥 (2021年-2023年)	0	525	375	675
T₁	有机肥+减量滴施化肥一年 (2023年)	2 921.4	390.9	287.7	577.8
T₂	有机肥+减量滴施化肥两年 (2022年-2023年)	2 921.4	390.9	287.7	577.8
T₃	有机肥+减量滴施化肥三年 (2021年-2023年)	2 921.4	390.9	287.7	577.8

处理 Treatments	说明(施加时间) Description (Application time)	基肥 Basal Fertilizer	追肥(化肥) T₀ pdressing(Chemical fertilizer) (kg/hm²)
处理 Treatments	说明(施加时间) Description (Application time)	有机肥施加总量 Total amount of organic fertilizer applied(kg/hm²)	尿素 Urea	磷酸一铵 Monoammonium phosphate	硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate
CK	连续三年未施肥 (2021年-2023年)	0	0	0	0
T₀	连续三年单施化肥 (2021年-2023年)	0	525	375	675
T₁	有机肥+减量滴施化肥一年 (2023年)	2 921.4	390.9	287.7	577.8
T₂	有机肥+减量滴施化肥两年 (2022年-2023年)	2 921.4	390.9	287.7	577.8
T₃	有机肥+减量滴施化肥三年 (2021年-2023年)	2 921.4	390.9	287.7	577.8

处理 Treat- ments	花后天数 The number of days after anthesis								平均膨大速率 Average enlargement rate
处理 Treat- ments	15~22 d	22~29 d	29~36 d	36~43 d	43~50 d	50~57 d	57~64 d	64~71 d	平均膨大速率 Average enlargement rate
CK	0.58±0.083^b	0.24±0.115^a	0.09±0.146^b	0.51±0.048^b	0.15±0.034^c	0.27±0.015^a	0.12±0.020^b	0.05±0.014^c	0.25±0.196^a
T₀	0.63±0.102^b	0.24±0.041^a	0.15±0.070^ab	0.52±0.046^b	0.31±0.024^b	0.11±0.015^b	0.10±0.006^c	0.07±0.010^b	0.27±0.199^a
T₁	0.62±0.041^b	0.23±0.064^a	0.15±0.068^ab	0.57±0.015^a	0.31±0.036^b	0.10±0.033^b	0.11±0.007^bc	0.09±0.008^a	0.27±0.202^a
T₂	0.73±0.015^a	0.17±0.028^b	0.19±0.016^a	0.53±0.011^b	0.36±0.011^a	0.06±0.018^c	0.11±0.010^bc	0.08±0.015^ab	0.28±0.227^a
T₃	0.64±0.016^b	0.25±0.021^a	0.15±0.015^ab	0.54±0.014^ab	0.30±0.011^b	0.11±0.021^b	0.13±0.020^a	0.06±0.015^c	0.27±0.199^a

处理 Treat- ments	花后天数 The number of days after anthesis								平均膨大速率 Average enlargement rate
处理 Treat- ments	15~22 d	22~29 d	29~36 d	36~43 d	43~50 d	50~57 d	57~64 d	64~71 d	平均膨大速率 Average enlargement rate
CK	0.58±0.083^b	0.24±0.115^a	0.09±0.146^b	0.51±0.048^b	0.15±0.034^c	0.27±0.015^a	0.12±0.020^b	0.05±0.014^c	0.25±0.196^a
T₀	0.63±0.102^b	0.24±0.041^a	0.15±0.070^ab	0.52±0.046^b	0.31±0.024^b	0.11±0.015^b	0.10±0.006^c	0.07±0.010^b	0.27±0.199^a
T₁	0.62±0.041^b	0.23±0.064^a	0.15±0.068^ab	0.57±0.015^a	0.31±0.036^b	0.10±0.033^b	0.11±0.007^bc	0.09±0.008^a	0.27±0.202^a
T₂	0.73±0.015^a	0.17±0.028^b	0.19±0.016^a	0.53±0.011^b	0.36±0.011^a	0.06±0.018^c	0.11±0.010^bc	0.08±0.015^ab	0.28±0.227^a
T₃	0.64±0.016^b	0.25±0.021^a	0.15±0.015^ab	0.54±0.014^ab	0.30±0.011^b	0.11±0.021^b	0.13±0.020^a	0.06±0.015^c	0.27±0.199^a

处理 Treat- ments	花后天数 The number of days after anthesis								平均膨大速率 Average enlargement rate
处理 Treat- ments	15~22 d	22~29 d	29~36 d	36~43 d	43~50 d	50~57 d	57~64 d	64~71 d	平均膨大速率 Average enlargement rate
CK	0.43±0.167^c	0.32±0.108^a	0.11±0.079^a	0.42±0.020^c	0.22±0.010^c	0.17±0.013^a	0.05±0.016^d	0.09±0.017^a	0.23±0.157^a
T₀	0.61±0.074^b	0.22±0.057^b	0.13±0.071^a	0.51±0.038^b	0.26±0.015^b	0.03±0.014^d	0.14±0.011^b	0.02±0.011^c	0.24±0.207^a
T₁	0.60±0.102^b	0.23±0.090^b	0.14±0.070^a	0.53±0.028^ab	0.26±0.014^b	0.06±0.009^c	0.15±0.007^b	0.02±0.010^c	0.25±0.207^a
T₂	0.72±0.012^a	0.14±0.016^c	0.15±0.014^a	0.56±0.034^a	0.29±0.024^a	0.08±0.020^b	0.07±0.020^c	0.06±0.016^b	0.26±0.235^a
T₃	0.62±0.013^b	0.22±0.016^b	0.14±0.012^a	0.53±0.150^ab	0.26±0.020^b	0.07±0.012^bc	0.17±0.014^a	0.05±0.023^b	0.26±0.199^a