Cultivation characteristics and berry quality analysis of twelve grape cultivars in Turpan grape production area

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.017

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 678-687.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.017

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Cultivation characteristics and berry quality analysis of twelve grape cultivars in Turpan grape production area

BAI Shijian¹(), HU Jinge¹, CAI Junshe¹, WU Jiuyun², MA Xiaocai¹, YUAN Sen¹, WU Guohong¹()

1. Grape, Melon and Fruit Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shanshan Xinjiang 838200, China
2. Agricultural Academy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Turpan Experimental Station, Turpan Xinjiang 838000, China

Received:2024-09-12 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-05-14
Correspondence author: WU Guohong
Supported by:
Major Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02045-2);"Three Rural Issues" Backbone Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023SNGG NT062);Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021D01A147);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-29-30);Tianshan Talents Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022TSYCJC0036)

12个葡萄品种在吐鲁番葡萄产区的栽培特性及果实品质分析

白世践¹(), 户金鸽¹, 蔡军社¹, 吴久赟², 马小才¹, 袁森¹, 伍国红¹()

1.新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善 838200
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院吐鲁番试验站,新疆吐鲁番 838000

通讯作者: 伍国红
作者简介:白世践(1986-),男,高级农艺师,研究方向为葡萄栽培,(E-mail) 594748964@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B02045-2);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划“三农”骨干人才项目(2023SNGG NT062);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A147);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29-30);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2022TSYCJC0036)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to select suitable grape varieties for Turpan producing area and optimize the grape cultivars structure in the production area. 【Methods】Twelve grape cultivars, including Xinyu, Xinya, Qiuhongbao, Shennongjinhuanghou, Guifeimeigui, Zixiameigui, Lvzhoubaoshi, Huozhouziyu, Huozhoucuiyu, Zitianwuhe, Zicuiwuhe, and Lihongbao were used as materials. Cultivation characteristics and berry quality were compared by field investigations and laboratory analysis method in open field cultivation, and berry quality indexes were analyzed by principal component analysis.【Results】There were differences in phenology, growth and fruiting habits, resistance to powdery mildew and berry quality among the twelve grape cultivars. Shennongjinhuanghou and Guifeimeigui were early maturing cultivars, Xinyu and Xinya were medium maturing cultivars; Huozhoucuiyu and Huozhouziyu were late maturing cultivars, others were mid-late maturing cultivars. Xinyu, Xinya, Qiuhongbao, Huozhouziyu and Zitianwuhe had high yield with the mean yields per plant were 21.13, 30.70, 20.59, 18.22 and 25.70 kg, respectively, and all had strong or moderate growth potential. Guifeimeigui, Qiuhongbao, Huozhoucui and Xinyu were susceptible to powdery mildew, other cultivars were resistant. The cluster mass of Xinyu grape (1,243.11 g) and berry mass (14.12 g) were both the highest, soluble solid content of Guifeimeigui was the highest (22.56 ° Brix), while other cultivars had soluble solid content ranging from 18.15 to 19.82 ° Brix; Lvzhoubaoshi and Huozhoucuiyu had higher titratable acid content than other grapes, 0.55% and 0.54%, respectively. The edible rates of seeded grape cultivars Xinyu and Xinya were relatively high, 98.81% and 98.62%, respectively. The berry quality of the twelve grape cultivars was ranked as follows: Xinyu > Zitianwuhe > Xinya > Qiuhongbao > Zicuiwuhe > Guifeimeigui> Huozhouziyu > Shennongjinhuanghou > Lihongbao > Huozhoucuiyu > Zixiameigui > Lvzhoubaoshi. Cluster analysis showed that twelve grape cultivars could be divided into five categories, each type of grape had its typical characteristics. 【Conclusion】The cultivation characteristics and berry quality of five grape varieties: Xinyu, Xinya, Zitianwuhe, Qiuhongbao and Huozhouziyu are superior to other cultivars, which are suitable for promotion and planting in Turpan area.

Key words: grape cultivars; cultivation traits; berry quality

摘要：

【目的】筛选适宜吐鲁番葡萄产区种植的葡萄品种,优化产区葡萄品种结构。【方法】以自主培育的新郁、新雅、秋红宝、沈农金皇后、贵妃玫瑰、紫霞玫瑰、绿洲宝石、火州紫玉、火州翠玉、紫甜无核、紫脆无核和丽红宝等12个葡萄品种为试材,在露地栽培条件下,采用田间调查结合实验室分析,比较葡萄品种的栽培性状及果实品质,并对葡萄品质性状指标进行主成分分析,综合评价葡萄品质。【结果】12个葡萄品种在物候期、生长结果习性、白粉病抗性及果实品质方面差异明显。沈农金皇后和贵妃玫瑰为早熟品种,新郁和新雅为中熟品种;火州翠玉和火州紫玉为晚熟品种,其它为中晚熟品种。新郁、新雅、秋红宝、火州紫玉和紫甜无核较丰产,产量分别为2.61、3.79、2.54、2.25和3.17 t/667m²,且生长势强或中等;贵妃玫瑰、秋红宝、火州翠玉和新郁对白粉病抗性为感病,其它为抗病品种;新郁葡萄果穗质量(1 243.11 g)、果粒质量(14.12 g)均最大;贵妃玫瑰可溶性固形物含量(22.56 °Brix)最高,其它品种可溶性固形物含量在18.15~19.82 °Brix;绿洲宝石和火州翠玉可滴定酸含量较高,分别为0.55%和0.54%;有核品种新郁和新雅可食率较高,分别为98.81%和98.62%;12个葡萄品种果实品质优劣排序为新郁>紫甜无核>新雅>秋红宝>紫脆无核>贵妃玫瑰>火州紫玉>沈农金皇后>丽红宝>火州翠玉>紫霞玫瑰>绿洲宝石。12个葡萄品种分为5类,各类别葡萄品种均具有典型的性状特征。【结论】新郁、新雅、紫甜无核、秋红宝和火州紫玉5个葡萄品种栽培性状及果实品质表现较好,适宜在吐鲁番葡萄产区推广种植。

关键词: 葡萄品种, 栽培性状, 果实品质

CLC Number:

S663.1

BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, CAI Junshe, WU Jiuyun, MA Xiaocai, YUAN Sen, WU Guohong. Cultivation characteristics and berry quality analysis of twelve grape cultivars in Turpan grape production area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 678-687.

白世践, 户金鸽, 蔡军社, 吴久赟, 马小才, 袁森, 伍国红. 12个葡萄品种在吐鲁番葡萄产区的栽培特性及果实品质分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 678-687.

Figures/Tables 11

References 4

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序号 Serial number	品种 Cultivars	亲本(母本×父本) Parental (Female × Male)	来源 Source	序号 Serial number	品种 Cultivars	亲本来源(母本×父本) Parental (Female × Male)	来源 Source
1	新郁 Xinyu	欧亚种 (E42-6×里扎马特)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所	7	沈农金皇后 Shennongjinhuanghou	欧亚种 (87-1自交)	沈阳农业大学
2	火州紫玉 Huozhouziyu	欧亚种 (新葡1号×红无籽露)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所	8	丽红宝 Lihongbao	欧亚种 (瑰宝×无核白鸡心)	山西省农科院果树研究所
3	秋红宝 Qiuhongbao	欧亚种 (瑰宝×粉红太妃)	山西省农科院果树研究所	9	贵妃玫瑰 Guifeimeigui	欧美杂种 (红香蕉×葡萄园皇后)	山东省酿酒葡萄研究所
4	紫甜无核 Zitianwuhe	欧亚种 (牛奶×皇家秋天)	昌黎县李绍星葡萄育种研究所	10	火州翠玉 Huozhoucuiyu	欧亚种 (红地球×早收麝香)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所
5	紫脆无核 Zicuiwuhe	欧亚种 (牛奶×皇家秋天)	昌黎县李绍星葡萄育种研究所	11	紫霞玫瑰 Zixiameigui	欧亚种 (SP1015×火州紫玉)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所
6	绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	欧亚种 (红地球×早收麝香)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所	12	新雅 Xinya	欧亚种 (E42-6×里扎马特)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所

序号 Serial number	品种 Cultivars	亲本(母本×父本) Parental (Female × Male)	来源 Source	序号 Serial number	品种 Cultivars	亲本来源(母本×父本) Parental (Female × Male)	来源 Source
1	新郁 Xinyu	欧亚种 (E42-6×里扎马特)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所	7	沈农金皇后 Shennongjinhuanghou	欧亚种 (87-1自交)	沈阳农业大学
2	火州紫玉 Huozhouziyu	欧亚种 (新葡1号×红无籽露)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所	8	丽红宝 Lihongbao	欧亚种 (瑰宝×无核白鸡心)	山西省农科院果树研究所
3	秋红宝 Qiuhongbao	欧亚种 (瑰宝×粉红太妃)	山西省农科院果树研究所	9	贵妃玫瑰 Guifeimeigui	欧美杂种 (红香蕉×葡萄园皇后)	山东省酿酒葡萄研究所
4	紫甜无核 Zitianwuhe	欧亚种 (牛奶×皇家秋天)	昌黎县李绍星葡萄育种研究所	10	火州翠玉 Huozhoucuiyu	欧亚种 (红地球×早收麝香)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所
5	紫脆无核 Zicuiwuhe	欧亚种 (牛奶×皇家秋天)	昌黎县李绍星葡萄育种研究所	11	紫霞玫瑰 Zixiameigui	欧亚种 (SP1015×火州紫玉)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所
6	绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	欧亚种 (红地球×早收麝香)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所	12	新雅 Xinya	欧亚种 (E42-6×里扎马特)	新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所

品质性状 Quality traits	分值Scores
品质性状 Quality traits	4	3	2	1
果皮 Berry skin	薄	较薄	较厚	厚
果穗紧密度 Cluster tightness	适中	较适中	紧或疏	极紧或极疏
香味 Aroma	香味浓郁	香味中等	香味淡	无香味

品质性状 Quality traits	分值Scores
品质性状 Quality traits	4	3	2	1
果皮 Berry skin	薄	较薄	较厚	厚
果穗紧密度 Cluster tightness	适中	较适中	紧或疏	极紧或极疏
香味 Aroma	香味浓郁	香味中等	香味淡	无香味

品种 Cultivars	萌芽期 Budding stage	展叶期 Leaf- expansion period	始花期 Blossom initiation	盛花期 Full blossom	花末期 Ending blossom	始熟期 Maturation initiation	完熟期 Materation	从萌芽到成熟历时 Growth duration (d)	熟性 Maturation
新郁Xinyu	4/10	4/15	5/13	5/17	5/19	7/10	8/18	131	中熟
新雅Xinya	4/13	4/15	5/10	5/15	5/17	7/2	8/20	132	中熟
秋红宝 Qiuhongbao	4/12	4/17	5/15	5/19	5/21	7/5	8/30	141	中晚熟
沈农金皇后 Shennongjin huanghou	4/14	4/18	5/12	5/16	5/18	6/28	8/10	119	早熟
贵妃玫瑰 Gguifeimeigui	4/12	4/17	5/12	5/16	5/17	6/30	8/5	116	早熟
紫霞玫瑰 Zixiameigui	4/13	4/18	5/12	5/17	5/20	7/10	8/25	137	中晚熟
绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	4/14	4/18	5/14	5/18	5/20	7/8	8/25	136	中晚熟
火州紫玉 Huozhouziyu	4/13	4/17	5/14	5/19	5/21	7/2	9/5	147	晚熟
火州翠玉 Huozhoucuiyu	4/14	4/18	5/13	5/19	5/21	7/15	9/10	150	晚熟
紫甜无核 Zitianwuhe	4/12	4/17	5/15	5/19	5/21	7/5	8/28	139	中晚熟
紫脆无核 Zicuiwuhe	4/11	4/16	5/15	50/18	5/20	7/2	8/25	136	中晚熟
丽红宝 Lihongbao	4/14	4/17	5/13	5/18	5/20	7/6	8/28	137	中晚熟

Cultivation characteristics and berry quality analysis of twelve grape cultivars in Turpan grape production area

12个葡萄品种在吐鲁番葡萄产区的栽培特性及果实品质分析

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品种 Cultivars	萌芽率 Percentage of bud burst (%)	结果枝率 Percentage of bearing shoots (%)	结果系数 Fruiting coefficient	产量 Yield (t/667m²)	生长势 Vigor of plant growth	丰产性 Yielding ability
新郁Xinyu	59.53±3.25^c	44.10±1.71^h	1.11±0.01^d	2.61±0.15^c	强	好
新雅Xinya	58.85±1.64^cd	71.37±2.55^d	1.35±0.03^b	3.79±0.33^a	强	好
秋红宝Qiuhongbao	73.49±1.76^a	50.33±0.89^g	1.41±0.03^b	2.54±0.23^c	中	好
沈农金皇后Shennongjinhuanghou	64.46±1.49^b	77.27±242^ab	1.56±0.04^a	1.10±0.15^e	强	较差
贵妃玫瑰Gguifeimeigui	77.47±2.31^a	76.84±1.64^abc	1.62±0.01^a	0.80±0.07^e	弱	较差
紫霞玫瑰Zixiameigui	54.41±1.92^d	42.61±0.91^h	1.18±0.02^c	1.90±0.20^d	中	较好
绿洲宝石Lvzhoubaoshi	56.60±2.32^cd	48.66±1.34^g	1.21±0.01^c	2.05±0.13^d	中	较好
火州紫玉Huozhouziyu	74.28±1.82^a	72.78±2.37^cd	1.58±0.04^a	2.25±0.17^cd	强	好
火州翠玉Huozhoucuiyu	55.66±1.06^cd	60.78±1.97^f	1.38±0.05^b	2.07±0.14^d	中	较好
紫甜无核Zitianwuhe	68.61±3.47^b	78.46±2.20^a	1.22±0.02^c	3.17±0.33^b	中	好
紫脆无核Zicuiwuhe	65.46±1.00^b	73.93±1.17^bcd	1.23±0.02^c	2.06±0.21^d	中	较好
丽红宝Lihongbao	68.13±2.38^b	66.26±2.33^e	1.60±0.06^a	1.93±0.20^d	弱	较好

品种 Cultivars	果穗质量 Cluster mass (g)	果粒质量 Berry mass (g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果粒形状 Fruit shape	果穗紧密度 (分值)Cluster density (Scores)	果实颜色 Fruit color
新郁Xinyu	1243.11±209.87^a	14.12±0.97^a	1.34±0.02^e	椭圆形	适中(4)	紫红
新雅Xinya	724.17±31.42^bc	8.48±0.59^b	1.64±0.02^b	长椭圆形	适中(4)	紫红
秋红宝Qiuhongbao	726.08±24.20^bc	5.40±0.17^ef	1.39±0.03^d	椭圆形	紧(2)	紫红
沈农金皇后Shennongjinhuanghou	315.82±23.13^f	6.04±0.09^de	1.04±0.01ⁱ	近圆形	较适中(3)	黄
贵妃玫瑰Gguifeimeigui	257.09±17.12^f	7.26±0.58^c	1.20±0.02^g	椭圆形	适中(4)	黄绿
紫霞玫瑰Zixiameigui	417.40±25.89^ef	6.30±0.20^de	1.09±0.01^h	短椭圆形	适中(4)	紫红
绿洲宝石Lvzhoubaoshi	356.66±28.29^ef	6.55±0.26^cd	1.16±0.01^g	短椭圆形	较适中(3)	绿黄
火州紫玉Huozhouziyu	825.44±56.28^b	4.28±0.24^gh	1.19±0.02^g	椭圆形	紧(2)	紫红
火州翠玉Huozhoucuiyu	494.17±22.91^de	6.05±0.16^de	1.02±0.01ⁱ	近圆形	适中(4)	绿黄
紫甜无核Zitianwuhe	627.40± 80.72^cd	4.93±0.07^fg	1.54±0.03^c	鸡心形	适中(4)	紫黑-
紫脆无核Zicuiwuhe	361.24±3454^ef	5.47±0.19^ef	1.68±0.03^a	长椭圆形	疏(2)	紫红
丽红宝Lihongbao	596.80±93.71^cd	4.00±0.13^h	1.30±0.01^f	鸡心形	较适中(3)	紫红

品种 Cultivars	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (°Brix)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)	固酸比 TSS/TA	维生素C VC (mg/kg)	可食率 Edible rate (%)	香味(分值) Aroma (Scores)	果皮(分值) Berry skin (Scores)
新郁 Xinyu	19.82±0.56^b	0.35±0.02^e	56.80±2.47^d	22.86±2.50^bc	98.81±0.11^b	无香味(1)	较薄(3)
新雅 Xinya	18.57±0.36^de	0.33±0.02^e	56.36±1.75^d	14.45±0.94^fg	98.62±0.29^b	无香味(1)	较厚(2)
秋红宝 Qiuhongbao	19.26±0.32^bcd	0.23±0.02^f	85.58±6.58^a	20.93±2.01^cd	97.17±0.09^d	中等荔枝香(3)	较薄(3)
沈农金皇后 Shennongjinhuanghou	18.30±0.26^e	0.27±0.01^f	67.82±1.13^b	14.71±1.85^efg	97.80±0.07^c	淡玫瑰香(1)	较厚(2)
贵妃玫瑰 Gguifeimeigui	22.56±0.39^a	0.36±0.02^de	62.89±3.20^bc	17.98±0.98^def	97.42±0.02^cd	浓郁玫瑰香(4)	较厚(2)
紫霞玫瑰 Zixiameigui	18.21±0.12^e	0.40±0.01^cd	45.19±1.08^e	20.75±1.15^cd	95.27±0.49^e	中等玫瑰香(3)	较厚(2)
绿洲宝石 Lvzhoubaoshi	19.58±0.48^bc	0.55±0.03^a	35.46±1.28^f	17.48±0.87^def	95.53±0.27^e	淡玫瑰香(2)	厚(1)
火州紫玉 Huozhouziyu	18.82±0.29^cde	0.41±0.02^c	46.03±2.04^e	19.65±0.30^cd	100.00±0.00^a	无香味(1)	较薄(3)
火州翠玉 Huozhoucuiyu	18.65±0.33^de	0.54±0.02^a	34.59±0.96^f	18.87±0.69^cde	99.83±0.01^a	淡玫瑰香(2)	较厚(2)
紫甜无核 Zitianwuhe	19.69±0.30^b	0.34±0.01^e	57.91±0.51^cd	41.00±4.57^a	99.79±0.10^a	淡牛奶香(2)	较薄(3)
紫脆无核 Zicuiwuhe	18.80±0.41^cde	0.40±0.02^cd	47.03±0.90^e	26.77±1.85^b	99.94±0.04^a	无香味(1)	薄(4)
丽红宝 Lihongbao	18.15±0.07^e	0.49±0.02^b	37.12±1.72^f	10.85±0.46^g	99.95±004^a	中等玫瑰香(3)	较薄(3)

主成分 Principal components	特征值 Eigenvalus Value	贡献率 Contribution rates(%)	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rates(%)
1	3.121	28.371	28.371
2	2.260	20.546	48.917
3	1.798	16.345	65.261
4	1.328	12.072	77.334
5	0.753	6.843	84.177
6	0.541	4.922	89.099
7	0.490	4.454	93.552
8	0.458	4.163	97.715
9	0.211	1.917	99.632
10	0.040	0.368	99.999
11	0.000	0.001	100.00

品种 Cultivars	主成分得分Principal component score					综合得分 Comprehensive core	排序 Ranking
品种 Cultivars	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	综合得分 Comprehensive core	排序 Ranking
新郁Xinyu	1.84	1.44	3.13	-0.37	0.69	1.57	1
新雅Xinya	0.79	0.38	1.25	-0.82	-0.61	0.43	3
秋红宝Qiuhongbao	1.41	1.71	-2.12	-1.16	0.51	0.37	4
沈农金皇后Shennongjinhuanghou	-0.44	0.35	-0.77	-1.98	-0.79	-0.55	8
贵妃玫瑰Gguifeimeigui	-1.78	2.63	-0.81	1.51	1.12	0.17	6
紫霞玫瑰Zixiameigui	-2.04	0.39	-0.08	-0.25	-0.92	-0.72	11
绿洲宝石Lvzhoubaoshi	-2.86	-0.50	0.36	-0.08	-0.59	-1.08	12
火州紫玉Huozhouziyu	1.02	-1.71	-0.28	-0.60	0.71	-0.14	7
火州翠玉Huozhoucuiyu	-1.59	-1.56	1.05	0.63	0.17	-0.62	10
紫甜无核Zitianwuhe	1.84	0.49	-0.24	2.21	-1.27	0.91	2
紫脆无核Zicuiwuhe	2.32	-1.64	-1.07	0.74	-0.36	0.26	5
丽红宝Lihongbao	-0.51	-2.00	-0.40	0.16	1.35	-0.60	9

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