Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicines on growth performance, serum biochemistry and growth hormone in lamb

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.026

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicines on the growth performance, serum biochemistry and growth hormone of lambs.【Methods】A total of 120 15-day-old lambs with similar newborn weight (3.25±0.52)kg in good body condition were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (3 replicates in each group, 10 sheep in each replicate), 10 sheep in each replicate) and fed lamb starter feed (0 groups), lamb starter feed + 0.2% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.2% group), 0.4% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.4% group) and 0.6% fermented Chinese herbal medicine (0.6% group) respectively. The test period lasted 45 days.【Results】The results showed that: 1) The body weight of the experimental group at 30 days of age was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The 60-day-old body weight of the 0.2% and 0.6% groups was significantly higher than that of the 0 group (P<0.05). The 21-25 days of age, 26-30 days of age, and 36-40 days of age in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The starter intake (SI) of the 41-45-day-old starting feed in the 0.6% group was significantly higher than that in the 0 group (P<0.01). 2) The contents of anti-tumor factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of lambs in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The content of protein (GLB) in the serum of lambs in the 0.6% group was significantly lower than that in the 0 group, 0.2% group and 0.4% group (P<0.05). The serum content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the 0.4% and 0.6% groups were significantly higher than those in the 0 group (P<0.01). The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the 0.4% and 0.6% groups were significantly lower than those in the 0 group (P<0.01).【Conclusion】It can be seen that the addition of fermented Chinese herbs to the diet of lambs under the conditions of this experiment can help to improve growth performance, promote the secretion level of growth hormone, increase the body's antioxidant capacity and immune level, thus alleviating the weaning stress of lambs.

Key words: fermented Chinese herbal medicine; compound Chinese herbal medicine; lamb; growth performance; serum biochemistry; somatotropin

摘要：

【目的】研究发酵复方中草药对羔羊生长性能、血清生化及生长激素的影响。【方法】选择15日龄、初生体重相近(3.25±0.52)kg、体况良好的湖羊羔羊120只(双羔、公母各半),随机分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复10只羊),分别饲喂羔羊开食料(0组)、羔羊开食料+0.2%发酵中草药(0.2%组)、0.4%发酵中草药(0.4%组)和0.6%发酵中草药(0.6%组),试验期为45 d。【结果】(1)试验组30日龄体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.2%组、0.6%组60日龄体重显著高于0组(P<0.05)。试验组21~25日龄、26~30日龄、36~40日龄极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。0.6%组41~45日龄开食料采食量(SI)极显著高于0组(P<0.01)。(2)试验组羔羊血清中抗肿瘤因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。0.6%组羔羊血清中蛋白(GLB)含量显著低于0组、0.2%组、0.4%组(P<0.05)。试验组羔羊血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。0.4%组、0.6%组羔羊血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量极显著高于0组(P<0.01)。0.4%组、0.6%组羔羊血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著低于0组(P<0.01)。【结论】羊羔羊日粮中添加发酵中草药,有助于提高生长性能,促进生长激素的分泌水平,提高机体抗氧化能力及免疫水平,减缓羔羊断奶应激。

关键词: 发酵中草药, 复方中草药, 羔羊, 生长性能, 血清生化, 生长激素

CLC Number:

S826

LIU Limeng, MA Wenbin, LI Lingui, YUAN Cen, SHI Zhihai, LIU Yanfeng, QIN Rongyan, WANG Wenqi. Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicines on growth performance, serum biochemistry and growth hormone in lamb[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 754-765.

刘力萌, 马文彬, 李林贵, 袁岑, 师志海, 刘艳丰, 秦荣艳, 王文奇. 发酵中草药对羔羊生长性能、血清生化及生长激素的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 754-765.

Figures/Tables 7

References 58

[1]	Diao Q Y, Zhang R, Tu Y. Current research progresses on calf rearing and nutrition in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(12): 2805-2814.
[2]	刁其玉. 营养调控技术在犊牛培育中的应用[J]. 饲料工业, 2020, 41(7): 1-7.
	DIAO Qiyu. The application of nutrition regulation technology in calf rearing[J]. Feed Industry, 2020, 41(7): 1-7.
[3]	Smith G. Antimicrobial decision making for enteric diseases of cattle[J]. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice, 2015, 31(1): 47-60.
[4]	卢猛, 胡凤明, 屠焰, 等. 白头翁皂苷B4对犊牛生长性能、消化代谢和瘤胃发酵的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(4): 754-765. DOI
	LU Meng, HU Fengming, TU Yan, et al. Effects of anemoside B4 on growth performance, nutrition digestion and rumen fermentation of calves[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(4): 754-765. DOI
[5]	柴新娥, 项东, 项颖, 等. 中草药饲料添加剂在养殖中的应用进展[J]. 现代畜牧兽医, 2022(6): 85-88.
	CHAI Xine, XIANG Dong, XIANG Ying, et al. Application progress of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives in aquaculture[J]. Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022(6): 85-88.
[6]	由大鹏, 张絮颖, 刘丽娜, 等. 替代抗生素饲料添加剂研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2021, 42(3): 39-42, 52.
	YOU Dapeng, ZHANG Xuying, LIU Lina, et al. Research advances on substitutes for antibiotics additives[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2021, 42(3): 39-42, 52.
[7]	安琦, 曹亚彬, 牛彦波, 等. 发酵黄芩药渣对仔猪生长性能、氧化应激及免疫功能的影响[J]. 饲料工业, 2021, 42(16): 17-21.
	AN Qi, CAO Yabin, NIU Yanbo, et al. Effects of fermented Scutellaria baicalensis residues on growth performance, oxidative stress and immune function of weaned piglets[J]. Feed Industry, 2021, 42(16): 17-21.
[8]	王雷. 中草药饲料添加剂的应用与探讨[J]. 现代畜牧科技, 2019,(9): 47-48.
	WANG Lei. Application and discussion of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives[J]. Modern Animal Husbandry Science & Technology, 2019,(9): 47-48.
[9]	董璇, 吕超田, 吴珊珊, 等. 浅析饲料添加剂在养殖业应用的发展现状[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2020, 26(10): 62-64, 104.
	DONG Xuan, LYU Chaotian, WU Shanshan, et al. Analysis on the development status of feed additives in breeding industry[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 26(10): 62-64, 104.
[10]	赵薇. 中草药饲料添加剂对陕北白绒山羊生产性能和粪尿及甲烷排放的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014.
	ZHAO Wei. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on production performance, feces and urine and methane emission of northern Shaanxi white Cashmere goats[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2014.
[11]	陈柯源, 宋向东, 程峰, 等. 当归补血汤发酵产物对肉鸡免疫和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2020, 36(4): 992-999.
	CHEN Keyuan, SONG Xiangdong, CHENG Feng, et al. Effects of fermentation products of Danggui Buxue Tang on immune and antioxidant capacity in broilers[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 36(4): 992-999.
[12]	谢东杰, 王爱迪, 刘宝山. 当归补血汤在血液疾病中作用机制的研究进展[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2018, 33(6): 2488-2490.
	XIE Dongjie, WANG Aidi, LIU Baoshan. Research progress on mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction in hematologic disease[J]. China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, 2018, 33(6): 2488-2490.
[13]	吕战旗, 常娟, 宁长申, 等. 益生菌发酵中草药的特性及在动物生产中的应用[J]. 中国饲料, 2019(13): 66-69.
	LYU Zhanqi, CHANG Juan, NING Changshen, et al. Characteristics of probiotics fermented Chinese herbal medicine and its application in animal production[J]. China Feed, 2019(13): 66-69.
[14]	刘洋, 金顺义, 常娟, 等. 复合益生菌发酵中草药前后活性成分变化[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(34): 123-125.
	LIU Yang, JIN Shunyi, CHANG Juan, et al. Changes of active ingredients before and after compound probiotic fermented Chinese herbs[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(34): 123-125.
[15]	李超, 杨伟伟, 王梅, 等. 黄芪及其发酵物对碘缺乏大鼠抗氧化系统的保护[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2022, 42(15): 3750-3753.
	LI Chao, YANG Weiwei, WANG Mei, et al. Protection of Astragalus membranaceus and its fermented products on antioxidant system in iodine deficiency rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2022, 42(15): 3750-3753.
[16]	王耀新, 陈丽娜, 韩国庆, 等. 中药发酵技术研究概况[J]. 中医药信息, 2018, 35(6): 120-124.
	WANG Yaoxin, CHEN Lina, HAN Guoqing, et al. Review of TCM fermentation technology[J]. Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018, 35(6): 120-124.
[17]	周花艳, 杨泽曹, 张虹亮, 等. 发酵中草药复合物对奶牛抗氧化和繁殖性能的影响[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 47(4): 455-461.
	ZHOU Huayan, YANG Zecao, ZHANG Hongliang, et al. Effects of fermented Chinese herbal compounds on antioxidant and reproductive performance of China Holstein[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences), 2021, 47(4): 455-461.
[18]	王丽, 杨舰航, 魏鑫, 等. 发酵中草药对塞北兔生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化性能的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2023, 46(11): 71-74.
	WANG Li, YANG Jianhang, WEI Xin, et al. Effect of fermented Chinese herbal additives on growth performance, immune function and antioxidant capacity of Saibei rabbits[J]. Feed Research, 2023, 46(11): 71-74.
[19]	赵晨. 复合添加剂对冷季绵羊生长性能、血清生化、瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2022.
	ZHAO Chen. Effects of compound additives on growth performance, serum biochemistry, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility of nutrients in cold-season sheep[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2022.
[20]	王旭东, 李秉诚, 田秀娥, 等. 微生物发酵中草药提取残渣饲料添加剂对小尾寒羊饲喂效果评价[J]. 中国草食动物科学, 2019, 39(5): 75-77.
	WANG Xudong, LI Bingcheng, TIAN Xiue, et al. Evaluation of feeding effect of feed additives extracted from Chinese herbal medicines by microbial fermentation on small-tailed Han sheep[J]. China Herbivore Science, 2019, 39(5): 75-77.
[21]	李志威, 魏元浩, 赵国琦, 等. 百脉根单宁对3月龄湖羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵性能的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2020, 43(3): 7-11.
	LI Zhiwei, WEI Yuanhao, ZHAO Guoqi, et al. Effect of Lotus corniculatus Tannin on growth performance and rumen fermentation performance of three months Hu sheep[J]. Feed Research, 2020, 43(3): 7-11.
[22]	王宪举, 魏海燕, 闫琦, 等. 黄芪粉对藏羊生产性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2020, 56(9): 139-143.
	WANG Xianju, WEI Haiyan, YAN Qi, et al. Effect of Astragalus membranaceus supplementation on growth performance and meat quality of Tibetan sheep[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2020, 56(9): 139-143.
[23]	Wang X, Xie H J, Liu F, et al. Production performance, immunity, and heat stress resistance in Jersey cattle fed a concentrate fermented with probiotics in the presence of a Chinese herbal combination[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2017, 228: 59-65.
[24]	王霞, 刘建国, 马友记, 等. 复方中草药添加剂对湖羊屠宰性能、肉品质及瘤胃组织形态学的影响[J]. 中国草食动物科学, 2019, 39(3): 22-25.
	WANG Xia, LIU Jianguo, MA Youji, et al. Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine additives on slaughter performance, meat quality and rumen histomorphology of hu sheep[J]. China Herbivore Science, 2019, 39(3): 22-25.
[25]	Zhong R Z, Yu M, Liu H W, et al. Effects of dietary Astragalus polysaccharide and Astragalus membranaceus root supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation, immune responses, and antioxidant status of lambs[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012, 174(1/2): 60-67.
[26]	Hao X Y, Wang P J, Ren Y S, et al. Effects of Astragalus membranaceus roots supplementation on growth performance, serum antioxidant and immune response in finishing lambs[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2020, 33(6): 965-972.
[27]	Deng D, Wang J, Ren L, et al. The effect of different doses of Astragalus root extract on in vitro rumen fermentation of steam-flaked maize grains used as an only substrate[J]. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2007, 16(Suppl. 2): 172-177.
[28]	张千, 张晓庆, 渠晖, 等. 饲喂中草药对羔羊生产性能、免疫功能及瘤胃发酵影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国草地学报, 2023, 45(9): 118-129.
	ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Xiaoqing, QU Hui, et al. A meta analysis for the effects of feeding Chinese herbal supplements on performance, immune function and rumen fermentation in lambs[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2023, 45(9): 118-129.
[29]	Shao B M, Xu W, Dai H, et al. A study on the immune receptors for polysaccharides from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese medicinal herb[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2004, 320(4): 1103-1111.
[30]	Martins R A R C, Costa F W G, Silva S M, et al. Salivary immunoglobulins (A, G, and M) in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: a PROSPERO-registered systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Archives of Oral Biology, 2021, 122: 105025.
[31]	杨凯鑫. 乳酸菌制剂对犊牛生长性能和血液生化指标及免疫指标的影响[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2020.
	YANG Kaixin. Effects of lactic acid bacteria preparation on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and immune indexes of calves[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2020.
[32]	黄曼曼, 麻延峰, 侯嘉, 等. 不同剂型丁酸钠对笼养蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质和血清免疫指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(6): 3280-3288. DOI
	HUANG Manman, MA Yanfeng, HOU Jia, et al. Effects of different dosage forms of sodium butyrate on production performance, egg quality and serum immune indexes of caged ducks[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(6): 3280-3288.
[33]	陈祥宇, 朱亚昊, 刘萌, 等. 复合植物提取物对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(6): 3271-3279. DOI
	CHEN Xiangyu, ZHU Yahao, LIU Meng, et al. Effects of compound plant extracts on performance, egg quality, immune function and antioxidant ability of laying hens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(6): 3271-3279.
[34]	张紫阳, 肖红艳, 凌浩, 等. 饲粮中添加迷迭香提取物对奶山羊生产性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(10): 5771-5780. DOI
	ZHANG Ziyang, XIAO Hongyan, LING Hao, et al. Effects of dietary rosemary extract on performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of dairy goats[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(10): 5771-5780.
[35]	Allaire J M, Crowley S M, Law H T, et al. The intestinal epithelium: central coordinator of mucosal immunity[J]. Trends in Immunology, 2018, 39(9): 677-696. DOI PMID
[36]	肖芳. 妊娠后期母羊饲粮添加丙酸铬对子代羔羊生长、抗氧化及免疫影响的研究[D]. 成都: 西南民族大学, 2017.
	XIAO Fang. Effects of chromium propionate on growth, antioxidant activity and immunity of offspring lambs in late pregnancy[D]. Chengdu: Southwest University for Nationalities, 2017.
[37]	Vazirinejad R, Ahmadi Z, Kazemi Arababadi M, et al. The biological functions, structure and sources of CXCL10 and its outstanding part in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis[J]. Neuroimmunomodulation, 2014, 21(6): 322-330. DOI PMID
[38]	李秋凤, 李建国, 高艳霞, 等. 锌、维生素E和β-胡萝卜素对种公牛睾酮、细胞因子及免疫性能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2014, 45(3): 410-416.
	LI Qiufeng, LI Jianguo, GAO Yanxia, et al. The effects of vitamin E, beta-carotene and zinc on testosterone, cytokine and immune function of Holstein bull in hot weather[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2014, 45(3): 410-416.
[39]	王晟, 陈乐. 咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿布地奈德吸入剂与孟鲁斯特钠联合治疗对血清IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β和IgE水平影响及作用机制研究[J]. 现代检验医学杂志, 2019, 34(1): 137-141.
	WANG Sheng, CHEN Le. Effects of budesonide inhalation combined with montelukast sodium on serum IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IgE levels in children with cough variant asthma and its mechanism[J]. Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine, 2019, 34(1): 137-141.
[40]	廖佳欣, 赵美玉, 刘志强, 等. 补喂N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸对哺乳期湖羊羔羊生长及生长轴相关激素水平的影响[J/OL]. 中国饲料, 2023: 1-7. (2023-10-19).
	LIAO Jiaxin, ZHAO Meiyu, LIU Zhiqiang, et al. Effects of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid supplementation on growth and growth axis-related hormones in lactating Hu sheep lambs[J/OL]. China Industrial Economics, 2023: 1-7. (2023-10-19).
[41]	魏莲清, 牛俊丽, 罗远琴, 等. 热带假丝酵母发酵棉籽粕对白羽肉鸡蛋白质代谢的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(1): 169-179. DOI
	WEI Lianqing, NIU Junli, LUO Yuanqin, et al. Effects of cottonseed meal fermented with Candida tropicalis on protein metabolism of white feather broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(1): 169-179.
[42]	张静静, 郑旭, 李玥, 等. 低蛋白质饲粮添加蛋白酶对肉仔鸡生长性能、肝脏生长基因及雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路基因表达的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(9): 5332-5344. DOI
	ZHANG Jingjing, ZHENG Xu, LI Yue, et al. Effects of protease supplementation in low protein diet on growth performance, liver growth gene and target of rapamycin signaling pathway gene expression of broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(9): 5332-5344.
[43]	丁亚伟, 郭云霞, 王海玉, 等. 复合益生菌发酵饲料对羔羊营养物质表观消化率、血清激素含量、粪便微生物及消化酶活性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(12): 7945-7959. DOI
	DING Yawei, GUO Yunxia, WANG Haiyu, et al. Effects of compound probiotic fermented feed on nutrient apparent digestibility, serum hormone contents, fecal microbial flora and digestive enzyme activities of lambs[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(12): 7945-7959. DOI
[44]	林谦, 戴求仲, 宾石玉, 等. 益生菌与酶制剂对黄羽肉鸡血液生化指标和免疫性能影响的协同效应研究[J]. 饲料工业, 2012, 33(14): 31-36.
	LIN Qian, DAI Qiuzhong, et al. Synergistic effect of probiotics and enzyme preparation on blood biochemical indexes and immune performance of yellow-feather broilers[J]. Feed Industry, 2012, 33(14): 31-36.
[45]	吴琼, 孙文志, 白兆鹏. 牛磺酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清生化及抗氧化性能的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2005, 28(8): 48-50.
	WU Qiong, SUN Wenzhi, BAI Zhaopeng. Effects of taurine on serum biochemical and antioxidant properties of laying hens in late laying period[J]. Feed Research, 2005, 28(8): 48-50.
[46]	张利娟, 王志祥. 中草药复合制剂对蛋鸡血清生化指标和鸡蛋营养品质的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(11): 5656-5657, 5693.
	ZHANG Lijuan, WANG Zhixiang. Effects of complicated herbal medicine on serum biochemical indicators and egg nutritional quality in laying hens[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(11): 5656-5657, 5693.
[47]	郑学斌, 杜江, 余先祥, 等. 低聚木糖对海兰蛋鸡产蛋性能、鸡蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2009, 36(2): 267-272.
	ZHENG Xuebin, DU Jiang, YU Xianxiang, et al. Effects of xylooligosaccharides on growth performance, biochemical indexes and egg quality in laying hens[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2009, 36(2): 267-272.
[48]	Knowles T A, Southern L L, Bidner T D, et al. Effect of dietary fiber or fat in low-crude protein, crystalline amino acid-supplemented diets for finishing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1998, 76(11): 2818-2832. DOI PMID
[49]	徐凤文, 黄利华, 张杉杉, 等. 饲料中添加绞股蓝粉对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2019, 40(2): 32-35.
	XU Fengwen, HUANG Lihua, ZHANG Shanshan, et al. The effect of adding Gynostemma in feed on the main serum biochemical indexes of laying hens[J]. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2019, 40(2): 32-35.
[50]	康克浪. 杜仲叶粉对产蛋高峰末期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清指标的影响[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2018.
	KANG Kelang. Effects of Eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaf powder on production performance, egg quality and serum indexes of laying hens at the end of laying peak[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2018.
[51]	Younes H, Coudray C, Bellanger J, et al. Effects of two fermentable carbohydrates (inulin and resistant starch) and their combination on calcium and magnesium balance in rats[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 2001, 86(4): 479-485. DOI PMID
[52]	许栋, 彭箫, 李海英, 等. 饲料中添加发酵中草药对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(3): 25-29.
	XU Dong, PENG Xiao, LI Haiying, et al. Effect of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on production performance, serum biochemical indexes and lipid metabolism of Jinghong laying hens during the late laying period[J]. Feed Research, 2021, 44(3): 25-29.
[53]	王素敏, 刘福英, 徐增年, 等. 大豆低聚糖对大鼠血脂和抗氧化作用的影响[J]. 营养学报, 1997, 19(4): 468-469.
	WANG Sumin, LIU Fuying, XU Zengnian, et al. Effects of soybean oligosaccharides on blood lipid and antioxidation in rats[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 1997, 19(4): 468-469.
[54]	Li J, Sun Q R, Meng Q R, et al. Anti-fatigue activity of polysaccharide fractions from Lepidium meyenii Walp. (maca)[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2017, 95: 1305-1311.
[55]	Evans M. Effect of acute ingestion of exogenous ketone supplements on exercise metabolism, physical and cognitive performance in athletes[D]. Dublin City University, 2019.
[56]	Chung Y H, Park T K, Yim S H, et al. Polysaccharide-rich extract of Phragmites rhizome attenuates water immersion stress and forced swimming fatigue in rodent animal model[J]. Journal of Medicinal Food, 2019, 22(4): 355-364. DOI PMID
[57]	梁见弟, 阿不夏合满·穆巴拉克, 秦荣艳, 等. 盐角草提取物对绵羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(6): 3835-3846. DOI
	LIANG Jiandi, Abuxiaheman Mubalake, QIN Rongyan, et al. Effects of Salinthophyllum salina extract on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of sheep[J]. Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(6): 3835-3846.
[58]	刘洪亮, 鲍菊, 刘庆雨, 等. 发酵中草药副产物对松辽黑猪生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2023, 46(14): 15-19.
	LIU Hongliang, BAO Ju, LIU Qingyu, et al. Effect of fermented Chinese herbal by-products on growth performance, serum biochemical index and immune function of Songliao Black pigs[J]. Feed Research, 2023, 46(14): 15-19.

原料组成 Ingredients	含量 Content (%)	营养水平 Nutrient levels⁽²⁾	含量 Content (%)
玉米 Corn	41.42	干物质 DM	91.18
豆粕 Soybean meal	19.00	粗蛋白质 CP	16.20
苜蓿 Sativa	15.00	粗脂肪 EE	4.16
预混料 Premix⁽¹⁾	5.00	粗灰分 Ash	11.29
酵母粉 Yeast powder	4.00	中性洗涤纤维NDF	22.26
乳清粉 Whey powder	3.80	酸性洗涤纤维ADF	8.93
棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein	3.00	钙Ca	1.07
葡萄糖 Glucose	2.90	磷P	0.51
豆油 Soybean oil	2.00	总能GE (MJ/kg)	15.64
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.00
碳酸氢钠 NaHCO₃	1.00
食盐 NaCl	1.00
赖氨酸 Lysine	0.45
蛋氨酸 Methionine	0.20
脱霉剂 Mold remover	0.10
复合维生素 Multivitamin	0.10
半胱胺酸 Cysteine	0.03
合计 Total	100.00

原料组成 Ingredients	含量 Content (%)	营养水平 Nutrient levels⁽²⁾	含量 Content (%)
玉米 Corn	41.42	干物质 DM	91.18
豆粕 Soybean meal	19.00	粗蛋白质 CP	16.20
苜蓿 Sativa	15.00	粗脂肪 EE	4.16
预混料 Premix⁽¹⁾	5.00	粗灰分 Ash	11.29
酵母粉 Yeast powder	4.00	中性洗涤纤维NDF	22.26
乳清粉 Whey powder	3.80	酸性洗涤纤维ADF	8.93
棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein	3.00	钙Ca	1.07
葡萄糖 Glucose	2.90	磷P	0.51
豆油 Soybean oil	2.00	总能GE (MJ/kg)	15.64
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.00
碳酸氢钠 NaHCO₃	1.00
食盐 NaCl	1.00
赖氨酸 Lysine	0.45
蛋氨酸 Methionine	0.20
脱霉剂 Mold remover	0.10
复合维生素 Multivitamin	0.10
半胱胺酸 Cysteine	0.03
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Items		处理Treatments
项目 Items		0(对照)	0.2%	0.4%	0.6%
体重 BW(kg)	15日龄	4.55±0.81	5.02±0.66	4.95±0.76	5.04±0.80
	30日龄	5.87±1.11^b	6.67±1.41^a	6.73±1.46^a	6.77±1.37^a
	45日龄	8.71±1.17	9.67±1.59	9.03±2.75	9.64±2.45
	60日龄	12.37±1.35^b	13.82±1.95^a	13.06±2.31^ab	14.07±2.36^a
平均日增重 ADG(g/d)	15~30日龄	100.37±25.51	121.51±47.49	127.62±51.13	123.14±42.95
	31~45日龄	189.17±47.42^ab	224.27±66.97^a	177.67±44.97^b	217.04±55.51^a
	46~60日龄	232.78±35.44^ab	227.78±55.84^ab	214.92±55.21^b	251.23±64.29^a
	15~60日龄	169.54±25.22	191.47±34.19	170.30±39.27	189.82±47.84
开食料采食量 (SI)(g/d)	15~20日龄	0.85±0.33^Bb	0.98±0.65^Bb	1.37±0.52^Bb	2.32±0.73^Aa
	21~25日龄	0.87±0.60^Bb	15.04±5.20^Aa	15.11±4.19^Aa	14.91±7.25^Aa
	26~30日龄	9.90±3.74^Cd	26.86±11.28^Bb	17.51±5.21^BCc	46.20±8.19^Aa
	31~35日龄	32.97±9.30^Cc	54.82±9.55^Bb	41.02±7.58^Cc	70.32±11.75^Aa
	36~40日龄	57.83±7.30^Cc	71.98±7.22^Bb	69.22±6.65^Bb	92.64±6.96^Aa
	41~45日龄	90.86±7.87^Bc	99.07±8.31^Bb	99.56±9.89^Bb	128.15±8.17^Aa
	46~50日龄	142.53±19.36^Bb	139.00±11.88^Bb	139.29±18.28^Bb	175.46±11.22^Aa
	51~55日龄	238.77±25.66^ABb	216.11±23.16^Bb	233.61±19.76^Bb	265.53±24.95^Aa
	56~60日龄	361.51±29.67^ABb	344.43±23.25^Bb	372.57±34.73^ABab	401.62±36.59^Aa

项目 Items		处理Treatments
项目 Items		0(对照)	0.2%	0.4%	0.6%
体重 BW(kg)	15日龄	4.55±0.81	5.02±0.66	4.95±0.76	5.04±0.80
	30日龄	5.87±1.11^b	6.67±1.41^a	6.73±1.46^a	6.77±1.37^a
	45日龄	8.71±1.17	9.67±1.59	9.03±2.75	9.64±2.45
	60日龄	12.37±1.35^b	13.82±1.95^a	13.06±2.31^ab	14.07±2.36^a
平均日增重 ADG(g/d)	15~30日龄	100.37±25.51	121.51±47.49	127.62±51.13	123.14±42.95
	31~45日龄	189.17±47.42^ab	224.27±66.97^a	177.67±44.97^b	217.04±55.51^a
	46~60日龄	232.78±35.44^ab	227.78±55.84^ab	214.92±55.21^b	251.23±64.29^a
	15~60日龄	169.54±25.22	191.47±34.19	170.30±39.27	189.82±47.84
开食料采食量 (SI)(g/d)	15~20日龄	0.85±0.33^Bb	0.98±0.65^Bb	1.37±0.52^Bb	2.32±0.73^Aa
	21~25日龄	0.87±0.60^Bb	15.04±5.20^Aa	15.11±4.19^Aa	14.91±7.25^Aa
	26~30日龄	9.90±3.74^Cd	26.86±11.28^Bb	17.51±5.21^BCc	46.20±8.19^Aa
	31~35日龄	32.97±9.30^Cc	54.82±9.55^Bb	41.02±7.58^Cc	70.32±11.75^Aa
	36~40日龄	57.83±7.30^Cc	71.98±7.22^Bb	69.22±6.65^Bb	92.64±6.96^Aa
	41~45日龄	90.86±7.87^Bc	99.07±8.31^Bb	99.56±9.89^Bb	128.15±8.17^Aa
	46~50日龄	142.53±19.36^Bb	139.00±11.88^Bb	139.29±18.28^Bb	175.46±11.22^Aa
	51~55日龄	238.77±25.66^ABb	216.11±23.16^Bb	233.61±19.76^Bb	265.53±24.95^Aa
	56~60日龄	361.51±29.67^ABb	344.43±23.25^Bb	372.57±34.73^ABab	401.62±36.59^Aa

项目 Items	处理Treatments
项目 Items	0(对照)	0.2%	0.4%	0.6%
免疫球蛋白AIgA(μg/mL)	0.51±0.06	0.51±0.08	0.48±0.05	0.49±0.03
免疫球蛋白MIgM(μg/mL)	0.81±0.10	0.80±0.19	0.68±0.09	0.76±0.05
免疫球蛋白GIgG(μg/mL)	17.29±2.60	17.21±2.74	15.93±2.47	16.51±1.16
白细胞介素-4IL-4(pg/mL)	5.34±1.52^ABb	5.86±0.50^ABab	6.91±1.00^Aa	4.67±0.52^Bb
白细胞介素-6IL-6(pg/mL)	178.29±5.28^Aa	164.84±6.14^Bb	157.72±4.21^BCc	151.90±7.36^Cc
抗肿瘤因子αTNF-α(pg/mL)	70.72±2.03^Aa	65.18±2.33^Bb	59.12±3.26^Cc	55.85±3.28^Cc