Synergistic effect of water and fertilizer on grape in extreme arid area

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the synergistic mode of water and fertilizer in the hope of improving grape quality and efficiency under drip irrigation in extremely dry early area.【Methods】 Perennial seedless white grape was used as material, three conditions of low water and low fertilizer (low level), medium water fertilizer (medium level) and high water and high fertilizer (high level) were set in leaf-opening stage (vegetative growth stage).During the swelled period and mature period (reproductive stage), on the basis of the exhibition leaf stage, low water and low fertilizer (low level), medium water and medium fertilizer (middle level) and high water and high fertilizer (high level), a total of nine processing were set, with three repeat each processing to carry out the field synergy test to study their synergy effects on grape physical growth.【Results】 Under the coordination of water and fertilizer, the leaf area index showed an increasing trend with the increasing amount of water and fertilizer on the whole.Net photosynthetic rate, yield, hardness, soluble solids, reducing sugars and solid acid ratios are superior to those of other treatments in both vegetative and reproductive growth period, titratable acid and vitamin C content gradually increased with the increase of dosage of water and fertilizer.Appropriate water and fertilizer coordination could effectively promote the physiological growth of grapes.【Conclusion】 The total irrigation amount is 8,925 m³/hm² and the total fertilizer amount is 240 kg/hm².

Key words: seedless white grape; leaf area index; net photosynthetic rate; yield; quality

摘要：

【目的】研究极端干旱区滴灌葡萄提质增效的水肥协同模式。【方法】以多年生无核白葡萄为材料,展叶期(营养生长期)设置低水低肥(低水平)、中水中肥(中水平)和高水高肥(高水平)3种配施处理,膨大期和成熟期(生殖生长期)在展叶期的基础上加设低水低肥(低水平)、中水中肥(中水平)和高水高肥(高水平)3种情况,共计9个处理,每个处理设3个重复。设置田间水肥协同试验,研究水肥协同对葡萄生理生长的影响。【结果】水肥协同下,葡萄叶面积指数随着水肥用量的增加整体呈递增的趋势,营养生长期和生殖生长期均为中水平水肥处理的净光合速率、产量、硬度、可溶性固形物、还原糖及固酸比要优于其他处理,可滴定酸含量和VC含量随着水肥用量的增加逐渐增加,适宜的水肥协同可以有效的促进葡萄的生理生长。【结论】葡萄最优水肥模型为全生育期中水平水肥处理,即总灌水量8 925 m³/hm²、总施肥量240 kg/hm²。

关键词: 无核白葡萄, 叶面积指数, 净光合速率, 产量, 品质

CLC Number:

S663.1
S14

ZHANG Chao, BAI Yungang, ZHENG Ming, XIAO Jun, DING Ping. Synergistic effect of water and fertilizer on grape in extreme arid area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1931-1939.

张超, 白云岗, 郑明, 肖军, 丁平. 极端干旱区葡萄水肥协同效应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1931-1939.

Figures/Tables 8

References 23

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处理 Treatments	萌芽-展叶期 Bud-leafing stage		膨大-成熟期 Expansion-maturation stage		总灌水量 The total irrigation water	总施氮量 Total ammonia application
处理 Treatments	W (m³/hm²)	N (kg/hm²)	W (m³/hm²)	N (kg/hm²)	W (m³/hm²)	N (kg/hm²)
W₁N₁	1 875	144	4 500	36	6 375	180
W₂N₂	1 875	144	6 300	48	8 175	192
W₃N₃	1 875	144	8 100	60	9 975	204
W₄N₄	2 625	192	4 500	36	7 127	228
W₅N₅	2 625	192	6 300	48	8 925	240
W₆N₆	2 625	192	8 100	60	10 725	252
W₇N₇	3 375	240	4 500	36	7 875	276
W₈N₈	3 375	240	6 300	48	9 675	288
W₉N₉	3 375	240	8 100	60	12 475	300

处理 Treatments	萌芽-展叶期 Bud-leafing stage		膨大-成熟期 Expansion-maturation stage		总灌水量 The total irrigation water	总施氮量 Total ammonia application
处理 Treatments	W (m³/hm²)	N (kg/hm²)	W (m³/hm²)	N (kg/hm²)	W (m³/hm²)	N (kg/hm²)
W₁N₁	1 875	144	4 500	36	6 375	180
W₂N₂	1 875	144	6 300	48	8 175	192
W₃N₃	1 875	144	8 100	60	9 975	204
W₄N₄	2 625	192	4 500	36	7 127	228
W₅N₅	2 625	192	6 300	48	8 925	240
W₆N₆	2 625	192	8 100	60	10 725	252
W₇N₇	3 375	240	4 500	36	7 875	276
W₈N₈	3 375	240	6 300	48	9 675	288
W₉N₉	3 375	240	8 100	60	12 475	300

处理 Treatments	展叶期中期 Middle leafing stage	展叶期后期 Late leafing stage	膨大期中期 Metaphase of enlargement	膨大期后期 Late enlargement stage	成熟期中期 Middle maturity	成熟期后期 Late maturity
W₁N₁	1.62±0.06^c	2.5±0.10^c	3.24±0.14^e	3.87±0.14^c	4.12±0.13^c	4.17±0.14^d
W₂N₂	1.73±0.12^abc	2.55±0.13^c	3.47±0.08^cde	4.20±0.08^abc	4.49±0.15^bc	4.53±0.10^bcd
W₃N₃	1.69±0.15^bc	2.62±0.13^c	3.56±0.10^cd	4.38±0.07^abc	4.64±0.23^ab	4.79±0.39^abc
W₄N₄	1.82±0.04^abc	3.16±0.17^ab	3.43±0.24^de	4.17±0.43^bc	4.26±0.37^bc	4.33±0.33^cd
W₅N₅	1.96±0.22^abc	3.03±0.11^b	3.61±0.18^cd	4.16±0.38^bc	4.32±0.30^bc	4.51±0.32^bcd
W₆N₆	1.79±0.05^abc	2.94±0.08^b	3.74±0.21^bc	4.34±0.11^abc	4.49±0.15^bc	4.70±0.17^abc
W₇N₇	2.03±0.34^ab	3.03±0.17^b	3.58±0.16^cd	4.21±0.19^abc	4.32±0.31^bc	4.43±0.21^bcd
W₈N₈	2.10±0.20^a	3.37±0.35^a	3.92±0.10^ab	4.52±0.06^ab	4.72±0.11^ab	4.91±0.12^ab
W₉N₉	2.08±0.30^a	3.26±0.15^ab	4.05±0.12^a	4.72±0.50^a	4.98±0.37^a	5.11±0.34^a

处理 Treatments	展叶期中期 Middle leafing stage	展叶期后期 Late leafing stage	膨大期中期 Metaphase of enlargement	膨大期后期 Late enlargement stage	成熟期中期 Middle maturity	成熟期后期 Late maturity
W₁N₁	1.62±0.06^c	2.5±0.10^c	3.24±0.14^e	3.87±0.14^c	4.12±0.13^c	4.17±0.14^d
W₂N₂	1.73±0.12^abc	2.55±0.13^c	3.47±0.08^cde	4.20±0.08^abc	4.49±0.15^bc	4.53±0.10^bcd
W₃N₃	1.69±0.15^bc	2.62±0.13^c	3.56±0.10^cd	4.38±0.07^abc	4.64±0.23^ab	4.79±0.39^abc
W₄N₄	1.82±0.04^abc	3.16±0.17^ab	3.43±0.24^de	4.17±0.43^bc	4.26±0.37^bc	4.33±0.33^cd
W₅N₅	1.96±0.22^abc	3.03±0.11^b	3.61±0.18^cd	4.16±0.38^bc	4.32±0.30^bc	4.51±0.32^bcd
W₆N₆	1.79±0.05^abc	2.94±0.08^b	3.74±0.21^bc	4.34±0.11^abc	4.49±0.15^bc	4.70±0.17^abc
W₇N₇	2.03±0.34^ab	3.03±0.17^b	3.58±0.16^cd	4.21±0.19^abc	4.32±0.31^bc	4.43±0.21^bcd
W₈N₈	2.10±0.20^a	3.37±0.35^a	3.92±0.10^ab	4.52±0.06^ab	4.72±0.11^ab	4.91±0.12^ab
W₉N₉	2.08±0.30^a	3.26±0.15^ab	4.05±0.12^a	4.72±0.50^a	4.98±0.37^a	5.11±0.34^a

处理 Treatments	硬度 Hardness (kg/cm²)	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid content(%)	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content(%)	还原糖 Reducing sugar(g/L)	VC Vitamin C (10^-2mg/100g)	固酸比 Solid acid than
W₁N₁	1.18±0.12^de	22.16±0.62^bc	0.53±0.00^cd	191.80±0.30^f	17.26±0.50^c	41.80±1.17^b
W₂N₂	1.39±0.12^abc	23.00±0.39^ab	0.56±0.02^abc	198.87±0.35^d	19.01±0.38^a	41.34±1.46^bc
W₃N₃	1.32±0.03^bcd	22.24±0.61^abc	0.59±0.02^a	185.73±0.15^g	19.10±0.30^a	37.91±0.62^d
W₄N₄	1.25±0.02^de	23.05±1.32^ab	0.54±0.02^bcd	212.53±0.15^a	18.52±0.65^ab	42.67±1.15^ab
W₅N₅	1.47±0.06^a	23.31±0.05^a	0.52±0.01^e	212.63±0.06^a	19.29±0.26^a	44.84±0.84^a
W₆N₆	1.44±0.06^abc	23.04±0.10^ab	0.55±0.02^bcd	195.30±0.36^e	19.43±1.30^a	41.92±1.17^b
W₇N₇	1.16±0.11^e	23.28±0.20^ab	0.53±0.00^cd	205.40±0.10^c	17.09±0.47^c	43.92±0.38^ab
W₈N₈	1.46±0.02^ab	21.82±0.61^c	0.56±0.04^abc	208.87±0.35^b	17.81±0.88^bc	38.88±3.40^cd
W₉N₉	1.31±0.04^cd	20.78±0.20^d	0.57±0.02^ab	185.77±0.31^g	18.88±0.23^ab	36.28±1.66^d