Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 43-51.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.006
• Crop Genetics and Breeding · Cultivation Physiology · Germplasm Resources · Physiology and Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHAO Jinghua1(), YANG Tingrui1, ZHANG Heng2, Hudan Tumaibai1, MA Liang1, CHEN Kaili1
Received:
2022-05-11
Online:
2023-01-20
Published:
2023-03-07
Correspondence author:
ZHAO Jinghua (1979-), Male, Qitai, Xinjiang, Dr.,professor, research field:research and teaching of water-saving irrigation technology,(E-mail)105512275@qq.com
Supported by:
赵经华1(), 杨庭瑞1, 张恒2, 虎胆·吐马尔白1, 马亮1, 陈凯丽1
通讯作者:
赵经华(1979-),男,新疆奇台人,教授,博士,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)105512275@qq.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
ZHAO Jinghua, YANG Tingrui, ZHANG Heng, Hudan Tumaibai, MA Liang, CHEN Kaili. Optimal Selection of Water and Fertilizer for Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Gravel Sandy Soil Based on Response Surface Methodology[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(1): 43-51.
赵经华, 杨庭瑞, 张恒, 虎胆·吐马尔白, 马亮, 陈凯丽. 基于响应面法的多砾石砂土滴灌春小麦水肥条件优选[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(1): 43-51.
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm3) | 体积含水率 Volumetric moisture content(%) |
---|---|---|
20 | 1.79 | 22.13 |
40 | 1.77 | 20.86 |
60 | 1.75 | 17.22 |
平均Average | 1.77 | 20.07 |
Table 1 Soil bulk density and field water holding capacity
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm3) | 体积含水率 Volumetric moisture content(%) |
---|---|---|
20 | 1.79 | 22.13 |
40 | 1.77 | 20.86 |
60 | 1.75 | 17.22 |
平均Average | 1.77 | 20.07 |
灌水日期 Irrigation date | 灌水周期 Water cycle (d) | 灌水 次数 Irrigation frequ ency | 灌水定额 Irrigation quota (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | W2 | W3 | |||
4月22日 | / | 1 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
5月17日 | 25 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
5月25日 | 8 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
6月03日 | 8 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
6月12日 | 9 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
6月20日 | 8 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
6月27日 | 7 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
7月04日 | 7 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
7月11日 | 7 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
合计Total | 79 | 9 | 285 | 390 | 495 |
Table 2 Irrigation system of spring wheat
灌水日期 Irrigation date | 灌水周期 Water cycle (d) | 灌水 次数 Irrigation frequ ency | 灌水定额 Irrigation quota (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | W2 | W3 | |||
4月22日 | / | 1 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
5月17日 | 25 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
5月25日 | 8 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
6月03日 | 8 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
6月12日 | 9 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
6月20日 | 8 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
6月27日 | 7 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
7月04日 | 7 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
7月11日 | 7 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
合计Total | 79 | 9 | 285 | 390 | 495 |
处理Treatments | N0 | N1(kg/hm2) | N2(kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|
底肥Base fertilizer | 不施肥 | 磷酸氢二铵195 钾镁肥105 | 磷酸氢二铵195 钾镁肥105 |
拔节期Jointing stage | 不施肥 | 尿素120 | 尿素240 |
抽穗扬花期Heading and flowering period | 不施肥 | 尿素120 | 尿素240 |
灌浆期Filling stage | 不施肥 | 尿素60 | 尿素120 |
尿素总计Total urea | / | 300 | 600 |
Table 3 Fertilization status of each treatment for spring wheat
处理Treatments | N0 | N1(kg/hm2) | N2(kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|
底肥Base fertilizer | 不施肥 | 磷酸氢二铵195 钾镁肥105 | 磷酸氢二铵195 钾镁肥105 |
拔节期Jointing stage | 不施肥 | 尿素120 | 尿素240 |
抽穗扬花期Heading and flowering period | 不施肥 | 尿素120 | 尿素240 |
灌浆期Filling stage | 不施肥 | 尿素60 | 尿素120 |
尿素总计Total urea | / | 300 | 600 |
处理 Treatments | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节孕穗期 Jointing and booting period | 抽穗扬花期 Heading and flowering period | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 成熟期 Mature stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 12.37a | 35.8ab | 56.2c | 59.6e | 59d |
W2N0 | 12.26a | 33.67b | 56.13c | 60.93e | 60.87cd |
W3N0 | 11.11a | 34.47b | 65.47ab | 69.27cd | 68bc |
W1N1 | 11.71a | 37.6ab | 58.87bc | 63.13de | 61.07cd |
W2N1 | 11.7a | 38.13ab | 65.07ab | 72.4abc | 70.93ab |
W3N1 | 11.9a | 37.67ab | 67.07ab | 79.53a | 79.2a |
W1N2 | 11.82a | 40.13a | 66.73ab | 71.33bc | 70.33b |
W2N2 | 12.79a | 40.07a | 67.4ab | 73.27abc | 71.87ab |
W3N2 | 12.93a | 40.87a | 69.2a | 78ab | 75.73ab |
Table 4 Plant height of spring wheat at different growth stages under different water and fertilizer treatments(cm)
处理 Treatments | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节孕穗期 Jointing and booting period | 抽穗扬花期 Heading and flowering period | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 成熟期 Mature stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 12.37a | 35.8ab | 56.2c | 59.6e | 59d |
W2N0 | 12.26a | 33.67b | 56.13c | 60.93e | 60.87cd |
W3N0 | 11.11a | 34.47b | 65.47ab | 69.27cd | 68bc |
W1N1 | 11.71a | 37.6ab | 58.87bc | 63.13de | 61.07cd |
W2N1 | 11.7a | 38.13ab | 65.07ab | 72.4abc | 70.93ab |
W3N1 | 11.9a | 37.67ab | 67.07ab | 79.53a | 79.2a |
W1N2 | 11.82a | 40.13a | 66.73ab | 71.33bc | 70.33b |
W2N2 | 12.79a | 40.07a | 67.4ab | 73.27abc | 71.87ab |
W3N2 | 12.93a | 40.87a | 69.2a | 78ab | 75.73ab |
处理 Treatments | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节孕穗期 Jointing and booting period | 抽穗扬花期 Heading and flowering period | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 成熟期 Mature stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 7 910.62a | 8 731.03b | 12 326.16a | 13 646.82b | 13 433.63d |
W2N0 | 7 977.32a | 9 384.69ab | 12 739.70a | 14 473.90b | 15 213.82bcd |
W3N0 | 7 843.92a | 8 991.16ab | 12 532.93a | 15 587.79ab | 15 755.39abcd |
W1N1 | 8 390.86a | 10 358.51a | 13 500.08a | 14 027.01b | 14 940.55cd |
W2N1 | 8 164.08a | 10 305.15ab | 13 966.98a | 15 654.49ab | 16 141.15abc |
W3N1 | 8 084.04a | 10 171.75ab | 14 653.99a | 17 455.39a | 17 275.15abc |
W1N2 | 8 070.70a | 10 388.68a | 14 527.26a | 16 262.51ab | 16 234.78abc |
W2N2 | 8 384.19a | 9 731.53ab | 15 227.01a | 18 001.58a | 17 714.92ab |
W3N2 | 8 090.71a | 9 458.06ab | 14 914.12a | 18 115.72a | 18 189.09a |
Table 5 Dry matter accumulation of spring wheat at different growth stages under different water and fertilizer treatments(kg/hm2)
处理 Treatments | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节孕穗期 Jointing and booting period | 抽穗扬花期 Heading and flowering period | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 成熟期 Mature stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 7 910.62a | 8 731.03b | 12 326.16a | 13 646.82b | 13 433.63d |
W2N0 | 7 977.32a | 9 384.69ab | 12 739.70a | 14 473.90b | 15 213.82bcd |
W3N0 | 7 843.92a | 8 991.16ab | 12 532.93a | 15 587.79ab | 15 755.39abcd |
W1N1 | 8 390.86a | 10 358.51a | 13 500.08a | 14 027.01b | 14 940.55cd |
W2N1 | 8 164.08a | 10 305.15ab | 13 966.98a | 15 654.49ab | 16 141.15abc |
W3N1 | 8 084.04a | 10 171.75ab | 14 653.99a | 17 455.39a | 17 275.15abc |
W1N2 | 8 070.70a | 10 388.68a | 14 527.26a | 16 262.51ab | 16 234.78abc |
W2N2 | 8 384.19a | 9 731.53ab | 15 227.01a | 18 001.58a | 17 714.92ab |
W3N2 | 8 090.71a | 9 458.06ab | 14 914.12a | 18 115.72a | 18 189.09a |
处理 Treatments | 千粒重 Thousand Grain Weight(g) | 每穗粒数 Number of grains per spike (个) | 有效穗数 Effective panicle number (株/hm2) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 38.5b | 27.32d | 3 741 870b | 3 935.42f | |
W2N0 | 41.97ab | 28.77d | 3 875 270ab | 4 375.46e | |
W3N0 | 42.63ab | 29.22cd | 4 272 135a | 5 073.57d | |
W1N1 | 43ab | 30.17cd | 3 815 240ab | 4 846.91d | |
W2N1 | 43.23ab | 34.9ab | 4 018 675ab | 6 301.77b | |
W3N1 | 45.5a | 36.99a | 4 088 710ab | 7 040.93a | |
W1N2 | 40.33ab | 32.64bc | 3 701 850b | 4 178.24ef | |
W2N2 | 42.5ab | 35.19ab | 3 855 260ab | 5 926.93c | |
W3N2 | 41.03ab | 36.97a | 4 028 680ab | 6 097.76bc | |
灌水 | NS | ** | * | ** | |
多元方差分析 MANOVA | 施肥 | NS | ** | NS | ** |
灌水×施肥 | NS | NS | NS | ** |
Table 6 Variance analysis of different water and fertilizer levels on wheat yield and yield composition
处理 Treatments | 千粒重 Thousand Grain Weight(g) | 每穗粒数 Number of grains per spike (个) | 有效穗数 Effective panicle number (株/hm2) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 38.5b | 27.32d | 3 741 870b | 3 935.42f | |
W2N0 | 41.97ab | 28.77d | 3 875 270ab | 4 375.46e | |
W3N0 | 42.63ab | 29.22cd | 4 272 135a | 5 073.57d | |
W1N1 | 43ab | 30.17cd | 3 815 240ab | 4 846.91d | |
W2N1 | 43.23ab | 34.9ab | 4 018 675ab | 6 301.77b | |
W3N1 | 45.5a | 36.99a | 4 088 710ab | 7 040.93a | |
W1N2 | 40.33ab | 32.64bc | 3 701 850b | 4 178.24ef | |
W2N2 | 42.5ab | 35.19ab | 3 855 260ab | 5 926.93c | |
W3N2 | 41.03ab | 36.97a | 4 028 680ab | 6 097.76bc | |
灌水 | NS | ** | * | ** | |
多元方差分析 MANOVA | 施肥 | NS | ** | NS | ** |
灌水×施肥 | NS | NS | NS | ** |
处理 Treat ments | 灌水定额 Irrigation quota (mm) | 尿素总计 Total urea (kg/hm2) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 45 | 600 | 5 926.93 |
W2N0 | 30 | 300 | 4 846.9 |
W3N0 | 30 | 0 | 3 935.42 |
W1N1 | 60 | 0 | 5 073.57 |
W2N1 | 30 | 600 | 4 178.24 |
W3N1 | 45 | 0 | 4 375.46 |
W1N2 | 60 | 600 | 6 097.76 |
W2N2 | 60 | 300 | 7 040.93 |
W3N2 | 45 | 300 | 6 301.77 |
Table 7 Design and operation data of model parameters
处理 Treat ments | 灌水定额 Irrigation quota (mm) | 尿素总计 Total urea (kg/hm2) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|
W1N0 | 45 | 600 | 5 926.93 |
W2N0 | 30 | 300 | 4 846.9 |
W3N0 | 30 | 0 | 3 935.42 |
W1N1 | 60 | 0 | 5 073.57 |
W2N1 | 30 | 600 | 4 178.24 |
W3N1 | 45 | 0 | 4 375.46 |
W1N2 | 60 | 600 | 6 097.76 |
W2N2 | 60 | 300 | 7 040.93 |
W3N2 | 45 | 300 | 6 301.77 |
来源 Origin | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P | R2/调整R2 R2/Adjust R2 | 显著性 Significant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产量 Yield | 产量 Yield | ||||||
模型Model | 8.866E+006 | 5 | 1.773E+006 | 12.41 | 0.032 2 | 0.954/0.877 | 显著 |
X1 | 4.597E+006 | 1 | 4.597E+006 | 32.17 | 0.010 9 | ||
X2 | 1.324E+006 | 1 | 1.324E+006 | 9.26 | 0.055 7 | ||
X1X2 | 1.526E+005 | 1 | 1.526E+005 | 1.07 | 0.377 4 | ||
2.302E+005 | 1 | 2.302E+005 | 1.61 | 0.293 9 | |||
2.563E+006 | 1 | 2.563E+006 | 17.93 | 0.024 1 | |||
误差Error | 4.287E+005 | 3 | 1.429E+005 |
Table 8 Variance analysis of regression equation for yield response value
来源 Origin | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P | R2/调整R2 R2/Adjust R2 | 显著性 Significant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产量 Yield | 产量 Yield | ||||||
模型Model | 8.866E+006 | 5 | 1.773E+006 | 12.41 | 0.032 2 | 0.954/0.877 | 显著 |
X1 | 4.597E+006 | 1 | 4.597E+006 | 32.17 | 0.010 9 | ||
X2 | 1.324E+006 | 1 | 1.324E+006 | 9.26 | 0.055 7 | ||
X1X2 | 1.526E+005 | 1 | 1.526E+005 | 1.07 | 0.377 4 | ||
2.302E+005 | 1 | 2.302E+005 | 1.61 | 0.293 9 | |||
2.563E+006 | 1 | 2.563E+006 | 17.93 | 0.024 1 | |||
误差Error | 4.287E+005 | 3 | 1.429E+005 |
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