Effects of Amino Acid Selenium Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Muskmelon

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of selenium on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of muskmelon (Cucumismelo L.) as an essential nutrient element for higher plant growth in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of control technology to improve the yield and quality of melon.【Method】 Under the condition of autumn cultivation in Turpan, the melon cultivar Xizhoumi 17 was sprayed with amino acid selenium for 5 times from the initial flowering stage.The main stem length, stem diameter, internode length, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and transpiration rate of leaves at different nodes were measured at different growth stages taken clear water as the control.【Result】 Exogenous amino acid selenium fertilizer treatment significantly promoted the growth and development of melon, and improved the photosynthetic capacity of leaves.In the fruiting stage (T₃), netting stage (T₅) and mature stage (T₆), the net photosynthetic rate of leaves at fruiting stage (T₃), netting stage (T₅) and maturity stage (T₆) was 26.29%, 53.51% and 301.56% higher than those of the control treatment, respectively, and the difference was significant (P>0.05) and delayed the speed of the functional leaves entering the senescence stage.【Conclusion】 The growth rate of stem diameter and internode length of main vine was the fastest from the first flowering stage (T₁) to the full flowering stage (T₂), and the fastest growth rate of main vine length and leaf area was from full flowering stage (T₂) to fruiting stage (T₃).The stem diameter and leaf area of main vine of A₂₀ and A₂₅ treatments were significantly higher than those of the control treatment from T₅ to T₆; the net light of leaves at different nodes in A₂₀ and A₂₅ treatments at three growth stages was significantly higher than that of control treatment.The photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than that of the control treatment, which significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and prolonged the functional period of leaves at different nodes.Therefore, spraying 2,000-2,500 times amino acid selenium fertilizer is an ideal regulation measure to delay the senescence of melon functional leaves.

Key words: muskmelon; amino acid selenium fertilizer; growth and development; photosynthetic characteristics; leaf senescence

摘要：

【目的】研究硒作为高等植物生长必需的营养元素对甜瓜生长发育和光合特性的影响,为建立提高甜瓜产量与品质的调控技术提供理论依据。【方法】在吐鲁番秋季大田栽培条件下,以甜瓜露地主栽品种西州密17号为试材,从初花期开始叶面喷施氨基酸硒处理5次,以清水为对照,测定不同处理甜瓜在各生育期的主蔓长、茎粗、节间长、叶面积和不同节位叶片净光合速率(Pn)及蒸腾速率等光合指标的变化。【结果】外源氨基酸硒肥处理在一定时期内明显促进了甜瓜的生长发育,提高了叶片光合能力,在结果期(T₃)、网纹期(T₅)、成熟期(T₆)3个时期A₂₅处理,结瓜节位叶片净光合速率比对照处理分别高26.29%、53.51%和301.56%,与对照处理相比差异显著(P>0.05),延缓了功能叶片进入衰老期的速度。【结论】各处理在初花期(T₁)至盛花期(T₂)主蔓茎粗和节间长增长速度最快,盛花期(T₂)至结果期(T₃)主蔓长和叶面积增长速度最快,A₂₀和A₂₅处理网纹期(T₅)至成熟期(T₆)主蔓茎粗和叶面积显著高于对照处理;不同节位叶片在3个生育期A₂₀和A₂₅处理的净光合速率显著高于对照处理,显著改善了叶片的光合能力,延长了不同节位叶片的功能期。外源喷施2 0002 500倍氨基酸硒肥是延缓甜瓜功能叶片衰老的理想的调控措施。

关键词: 甜瓜, 氨基酸硒肥, 生长发育, 光合特性, 叶片衰老

CLC Number:

S652
S141

LIU Zhigang, REN Hongsong, Huxidan Maimaiti, Amuti Kuerban, GUO Hongmei, WANG Ruihua, LI Haifeng, HU Guozhi. Effects of Amino Acid Selenium Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Muskmelon[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 874-883.

刘志刚, 任红松, 胡西单·买买提, 阿木提·库尔班, 郭红梅, 王瑞华, 李海峰, 胡国智. 氨基酸硒叶面肥对甜瓜生长发育和光合特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 874-883.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Treatments of experiment

浓度Concentration 节位node 试验区Experimental area	观测区 Observation area				采样区 Sampling area
浓度Concentration 节位node 试验区Experimental area	上中下				上中下
生育期Growth period	A₁₅	A₂₀	A₂₅	CK	A₁₅	A₂₀	A₂₅	CK
初花期T₁(8月 2日) Early flowering stage	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水
盛花期T₂(8月9日) Full bloom period	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水
结果期T₃(8月17日) Fruiting period	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水
果实膨大期T₄(8月26日) Fruit expansion stage	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水	1 500倍	2 000倍	2500倍	清水
网纹期T₅(9月8日) Reticulate stage	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水	1 500倍	2 000倍	2 500倍	清水
成熟期T₆(9月20日) Mature period	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Fig.1 Effects of different concentrations of amino acid selenium fertilizer on main vine length of Muskmelon

Fig.2 Effects of different concentrations of amino acid selenium fertilizer on stem diameter of main stem of Mnskmelon

Fig.3 Effects of different concentrations of amino acid selenium fertilizer on internodelengthof main stem of Mnskmelon

Fig.4 Effects of different concentrations of amino acid selenium fertilizer on leafareaof fruitingnode in Muskmelon

Fig.5 Effect of amino acid selenium on net photosyntheticrate of muskmelon at different growth stages

Fig.6 Effect of amino acid selenium on transpirationrate of muskmelon at different growth stages

Fig.7 Effect of amino acid selenium on stomatal conduction of muskmelon at different growth stages

Fig.8 Effect of amino acid selenium on intercellular CO2 concentration of muskmelon at different growth stages

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