Abstract:

【Objective】 To determine the effect of spraying GA₃ on the yield and quality of Jujube during flowering period, and to evaluate the residual risk GA₃ jujube in mature period. 【Methods】 Taking Junzao as the research object, the effects on yield and quality with different concentrations of G ${{\mathrm{A}}_3}_{}$were studied, and on the basis of screening out the appropriate concentration, the variation of GA₃ content in flowers and fruits at different development stages after GA₃ spraying was studied. A total of 6 treatments were set up for spraying GA₃ during the flowering period: one time, treatment concentrations: 0 (CK), 10, 20, 40, 60和80 mg/L, and three times, treatment concentrations: 40 mg/L (one time every 7 days). Yield and quality were investigated in fruit full red period. The GA₃ content of different treatment concentrations and different stages of development (6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 10 d, 15 d, 30 d, 50 d, 80 d, 120 d) were measured by HPLC. 【Results】 After spraying GA₃ one time, the single fruit weight decreased, the fruit shape index and the tensile strength of the fruit handle increased, and the yield increased. As the GA₃ concentration increased, the soluble sugar content of jujube fruit increased first and then decreased, the protein and total acid content decreased first and then increased, and the cellulose content increased gradually. With the development GA₃ content of jujube flower decreased gradually, the GA₃ content of young fruit increased significantly, and the GA₃ content decreased rapidly at the end of fruit expansion period. GA₃ treatment could significantly improve the GA₃ content of jujube flower and fruit. The GA₃ content in the whole red fruit was 0.281,2-0.397,6 higher than that in the control fruit mg/L, but the difference of the residue in 40 times was not significant. 【Conclusion】 The effect of increasing yield was most obvious when the spraying concentration of GA₃ was 40 mg/L at the flowering stage. At the same concentration, it was sprayed for 3 times to further improve the yield and quality, the nutrient quality showed the characteristics of high sugar and low acid. It is suggested that this measure be adopted in the jujube orchard where field water and fertilizer are guaranteed. Spraying GA₃ can improve the GA₃ content level of jujube flowers and fruits in the whole growth period, and the degradation law is basically consistent with the control. Treatment with different concentrations of GA₃ showed that low concentration promoted and high concentration inhibited the synthesis of endogenous GA₃.

Key words: Jun jujube; exogenous gibberellin; yield; nutritional quality; residue analysis

摘要：

【目的】研究盛花期喷施GA₃对骏枣产量和品质的影响,评价分析成熟期枣果中GA₃残留安全性。【方法】于骏枣盛花期叶面喷施外源GA₃,处理浓度分别为0(CK)、10、20、40、60和80 mg/L,成熟期调查骏枣产量和营养品质相关指标,在筛选出适宜浓度的基础上,采用HPLC对处理后不同发育时期花和果实中GA₃含量和成熟期枣果GA₃最终残留量进行定量分析。【结果】喷1次GA₃后,单果重下降,果形指数和果柄耐拉力增加,产量提高。随着GA₃浓度的增加,全红期枣果可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,蛋白质、总酸含量先降低后升高,纤维素含量逐渐升高。随着枣花发育 GA₃含量逐渐降低,幼果期GA₃含量显著上升,果实膨大期结束 GA₃含量快速下降,GA₃处理能显著提高了枣花和果实中GA₃ 含量。全红期果实中处理较对照的GA₃含量提高了0.281 2~0.397 6 mg/L,但40 mg/L GA₃ 喷1次和3次GA₃残留量差异不显著。【结论】骏枣盛花期GA₃喷施浓度为40 mg/L时增产的效果最明显,该浓度连喷3次产量和营养品质能进一步提高,在田间水肥有保障的枣园采用该措施。喷施GA₃能提高整个生育期枣花和果实的GA₃含量,特别是提高了花和幼果发育初期的GA₃含量,变化规律与对照基本一致。不同浓度GA₃处理表现为低浓度促进、高浓度抑制内源GA₃的合成。

关键词: 骏枣, 外源赤霉素, 产量, 营养品质, 残留分析