Effects of Planting Density on the Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Walnut-Wheat Intercropping System

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.12.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves andyieldof winter wheat in nuclear wheat intercropping model. 【Method】 Using Xindong 40 as the test material, from 2016-2017, planting densities of 4.5 million plants/ha (M₁), 5.25 million plants/ha (M₂), 6 million plants/ha(M₃), 6.75 million plants/ha(M₄) and 7.5 million plants/ha(M₅) were set in nuclear wheat intercropping fields. The responses of net photosynthetic rate (P_n), Transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), yield and yield components of winter wheat in different canopy areas of walnut to planting density were studied.【Result】 The results showed that as the density increased, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s)and yield of winter wheat in the sub-canopy showed different degrees. P_n,T_r,G_s of wheat’s flag leaves and yield in the far-crown region showed a “rising first and then decreasing” change pattern, and each index basically reached the maximum during M₂ treatment, and P_n,T_r,G_s, of winter wheat’s flag leaves under different densities were lower than those in the corresponding canopy regions. In terms of grain yield, the highest treatment under M₁ (4.5 million plants/hm ²) in the crown area was 3,212.19 kg/hm ², and the highest treatment in M₂ (5.25 million plants/hm ²) in the far crown area was 3 911.12 kg/hm ².【Conclusion】 To sum up, under nuclear wheat intercropping mode, winter wheat should be sparsely planted in the canopy area, planting density should be controlled within 4.5 million plants/hm ², and suitable planting density for winter wheat in the far crown area is 5.25 million plants/hm ².

Key words: walnut-wheat intercropping system; density; winter wheat; physiological characteristics; yield

摘要： 目的研究核麦间作模式下密度对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响。方法以新冬40号为材料,于2016~2017年在核麦间作田,设置5个密度分别为450×10 ³株/hm ²(M₁),525×10 ³株/hm ²(M₂),600×10 ³株/hm ²(M₃),675×10 ³株/hm ²(M₄),750×10 ³株/hm ²(M₅),研究核桃不同冠区冬小麦旗叶净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)及产量和产量构成因素对密度的响应。结果随着密度的增大,冠下区冬小麦旗叶的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)和产量均表现出不同程度的降低;远冠区,小麦旗叶的P_n、T_r、G_s和产量均表现出“先升高后降低”的变化规律,各指标基本在M₂处理达到最大,且冠下区各密度处理冬小麦旗叶P_n、T_r和G_s均低于相应远冠区。籽粒产量,冠下区M₁(450×10 ³株/hm ²)处理最高为3 212.19 kg/hm ²,远冠区M₂(525×10 ³株/hm ²)处理最高为3 911.12 kg/hm ²。结论在核麦间作模式下,冠下区冬小麦应采取稀播,密度应控制在450×10 ³株/hm ²以内,远冠区冬小麦适宜密度为525×10 ³株/hm ²。

关键词: 核麦间作, 密度, 冬小麦, 光合特性, 产量

CLC Number:

S512

GAO Yonghong, LEI Junjie, ZHANG Yongqiang, CHEN Chuanxin, FANG Hui, FAN Guiqiang, DING Yingdeng, HUANG Tianrong. Effects of Planting Density on the Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Walnut-Wheat Intercropping System[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(12): 2169-2175.

高永红, 雷钧杰, 张永强, 陈传信, 方辉, 范贵强, 丁银灯, 黄天荣. 核麦间作模式下密度对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(12): 2169-2175.

Figures/Tables 5

References 16

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处理 Treaments	冠下区Under the crown			远冠区Far from the crown
处理 Treaments	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis
M₁	13.87^a	12.46^a	7.85^a	19.93^b	17.93^b	13.58^b
M₂	13.67^a	12.28^a	7.82^a	20.42^a	18.37^a	13.86^a
M₃	12.90^b	11.58^b	7.09^b	18.99^c	17.08^c	13.44^b
M₄	12.75^b	11.45^b	6.31^c	17.24^d	15.50^d	12.66^c
M₅	11.06^c	9.93^c	5.46^d	14.87^e	13.36^e	12.02^d

处理 Treaments	冠下区Under the crown			远冠区Far from the crown
处理 Treaments	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis
M₁	13.87^a	12.46^a	7.85^a	19.93^b	17.93^b	13.58^b
M₂	13.67^a	12.28^a	7.82^a	20.42^a	18.37^a	13.86^a
M₃	12.90^b	11.58^b	7.09^b	18.99^c	17.08^c	13.44^b
M₄	12.75^b	11.45^b	6.31^c	17.24^d	15.50^d	12.66^c
M₅	11.06^c	9.93^c	5.46^d	14.87^e	13.36^e	12.02^d

处理 Treaments	冠下区Under the crown			远冠区Far from the crown
处理 Treaments	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis
M₁	2.73^a	2.42^a	1.44^a	4.05^b	3.61^b	3.26^b
M₂	2.44^b	2.16^b	1.34^b	4.16^a	3.71^a	3.41^a
M₃	2.17^c	1.92^c	1.25^c	4.03^b	3.59^b	3.18^b
M₄	1.76^d	1.55^d	1.17^d	3.76^c	3.35^c	2.89^c
M₅	1.37^e	1.20^e	1.08^e	3.39^d	3.02^d	2.59^d

处理 Treaments	冠下区Under the crown			远冠区Far from the crown
处理 Treaments	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis
M₁	2.73^a	2.42^a	1.44^a	4.05^b	3.61^b	3.26^b
M₂	2.44^b	2.16^b	1.34^b	4.16^a	3.71^a	3.41^a
M₃	2.17^c	1.92^c	1.25^c	4.03^b	3.59^b	3.18^b
M₄	1.76^d	1.55^d	1.17^d	3.76^c	3.35^c	2.89^c
M₅	1.37^e	1.20^e	1.08^e	3.39^d	3.02^d	2.59^d

处理 Treaments	冠下区Under the crown			远冠区Far from the crown
处理 Treaments	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis	开花期 Anthesis	花后10 d 10d after anthesis	花后20 d 20d after anthesis
M₁	0.173^a	0.155^a	0.168^a	0.294^b	0.265^b	0.173^b
M₂	0.166^b	0.150^b	0.161^b	0.301^a	0.272^a	0.179^a
M₃	0.155^c	0.139^c	0.150^c	0.283^c	0.255^c	0.170^b
M₄	0.140^d	0.126^d	0.136^d	0.259^d	0.234^d	0.144^c
M₅	0.134^e	0.121^e	0.131^e	0.243^e	0.219^e	0.129^d