Effects of Different Fertilizer Applications on the Material Production and Yield of Early Upland Cotton

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different fertilizing amounts on the yield formation of six Xinluzao cotton varieties, and to clarify the impact of reduced fertilizer application on the yield and quality of cotton cultivars in the hope of providing a basis for the breeding and cultivation of cotton varieties with low fertilizer tolerance. 【Methods】 Under field conditions, the agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield quality and fertilizer utilization characteristics of 6 cotton varieties in the Xinluzao series were studied under three conditions: fertilizing amount applied in conventional production (N 193.2 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 138 kg/hm² and K₂O 85.5 kg/hm²),1/2 amount of fertilizer applied in conventional production, and no fertilization. 【Results】 There was no significant difference in branch number among the varieties of Xinluzao. In terms of plant height, branch number and stem diameter, the varieties with the lowest sensitivity to fertilization were Xinluzao 45, 61 and 45, respectively. The distribution rate was less affected by the amount of fertilizer applied. The varieties with the lowest sensitivity to the amount of fertilizer applied in terms of total biomass and allocation rate were Xinluzao 61 and 57, and the varieties with the highest sensitivity were Xinluzao 74 and 72, respectively. The number of bolls per plant and the seed cotton yield increased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer applied, and the lint percentage decreased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer applied. The varieties with the lowest sensitivity in terms of boll number per-plant, boll weigh, lint percentage and seed cotton yield to the amount of fertilizer applied were Xinluzao72, Xinluzao 74 and Xinluzao 57; As the amount of fertilizer applied increased, the upper half mean length increased and the micronaire decreased. The varieties with the lowest sensitivity in terms of fiber strength, fracture specific strength and micronaire to fertilizer application were Xinluzao 57, 64 and 72, respectively. During the boll opening stage, the utilization rate of fertilizer agronomy and the contribution rate of fertilizer were proportional to the amount of fertilizer, and the partial productivity of fertilizer was inversely proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied. 【Conclusion】 Xinluzao 64, 72 and 74 have good performance in the aspects of lint percentage, fertilizer utilization rate and yield, respectively, and can be used as the cultivation varieties of reduced fertilizer application.

Key words: cotton; fertilizing amount; Xinluzao series; dry matter; yield and quality

摘要：

【目的】研究不同施肥量对6个新陆早系列棉花品种干物质积累和产量品质的影响,分析减施肥料对其物质生产和产量的影响程度,为耐低肥棉花品种的选育及棉花的耐低肥栽培提供依据。【方法】在田间条件下,研究常规施肥量(N 193.2 kg/hm²、P₂O₅138 kg/hm²、K₂O 85.5 kg/hm²)、常规1/2施肥量、不施肥3种条件下6个早熟陆地棉推广品种的农艺性状、干物质积累、产量品质及肥料利用特性。【结果】新陆早系列棉花品种之间的果枝数无显著性差异,株高、果枝数、茎粗对施肥量敏感度最低的品种分别是新陆早45号、新陆早61号、新陆早45号;分配率受施肥量的影响较小,总生物量和分配率对施肥量敏感度最低的品种分别是新陆早61号、新陆早57号,敏感度最高的品种分别是新陆早74号、新陆早72号;单株结铃数、籽棉产量随施肥量的增多而增多,衣分有随施肥量的增大而减小的趋势,单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分、籽棉产量对施肥量敏感度最低的品种分别是新陆早57号、新陆早72号、新陆早74号、新陆早57号;随着施肥量增大,纤维长度增大,马克隆值减小,纤维长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值对施肥量敏感度最低的品种分别是新陆早57号、新陆早64号、新陆早72号;吐絮期时,肥料农学利用率、肥料贡献率与施肥量成正比,肥料偏生产力与施肥量成反比。【结论】新陆早64号、新陆早72号、新陆早74号分别在衣分、肥料利用率、产量等表现较好,可作为减施肥料的栽培品种。

关键词: 棉花, 施肥量, 新陆早系列, 干物质, 产量品质

CLC Number:

S562

YANG Jiangwei, ZHANG Guojuan, TIAN Jingshan, YANG Wenlong, XIANG Dao, GOU Ling, ZHANG Wangfeng. Effects of Different Fertilizer Applications on the Material Production and Yield of Early Upland Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2000-2010.

闫江伟, 张国娟, 田景山, 杨文龙, 向导, 勾玲, 张旺锋. 不同施肥量对早熟陆地棉品种干物质累积及产量品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2000-2010.

Figures/Tables 11

References 32

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因素 Factor	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem diameter	节间长度 Internode length	果枝始节高度 First branch height	果枝数 Branch number
年份 Years	0.084 7	0.271 5	0.208 5	0.031 8	0.276 5
施肥量 Fertilizing amount	0.031 9	0.001 1	0.021 1	0.001 9	0.006 1
品种 Cultivars	0.000 1	0.000 1	0.000 1	0.000 1	0.416 8
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars	0.771 7	0.059 5	0.012 3	0.099 5	0.003 2

因素 Factor	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem diameter	节间长度 Internode length	果枝始节高度 First branch height	果枝数 Branch number
年份 Years	0.084 7	0.271 5	0.208 5	0.031 8	0.276 5
施肥量 Fertilizing amount	0.031 9	0.001 1	0.021 1	0.001 9	0.006 1
品种 Cultivars	0.000 1	0.000 1	0.000 1	0.000 1	0.416 8
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars	0.771 7	0.059 5	0.012 3	0.099 5	0.003 2

因素 Factor	总生物量 Total biomass	分配率 Allocation rate
年份 Years	0.079 0	0.063 1
施肥量 Fertilizing amount	0.001 5	0.016 5
品种 Cultivars	0.000 1	0.000 1
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars	0.253 0	0.089 5

因素 Factor	总生物量 Total biomass	分配率 Allocation rate
年份 Years	0.079 0	0.063 1
施肥量 Fertilizing amount	0.001 5	0.016 5
品种 Cultivars	0.000 1	0.000 1
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars	0.253 0	0.089 5

因素 Factor	单株铃数 Boll number per-plant	单铃重 Boll weigh	衣分 Lint percent	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield
年份 Years	0.025 2	0.664 5	0.172 2	0.084 8
施肥量 Fertilizing amount	0.002 0	0.229 1	0.007 1	0.001 8
品种 Cultivars	0.086 0	0.001 7	0.000 1	0.017 7
施肥量×品种 Fertilizing amount×Cultivars	0.020 5	0.001 3	0.666 5	0.393 6