Effects of Spraying TDZ on Leaf Loss Rate and Leaf Enzyme Activity of Cotton

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.06.001

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 This project aims to study the mechanism of cotton leaf abscission after TDZ (Thidiazuron, TDZ) treatment.【Method】Five cotton varieties (Gossypium spp) were used as materials. In the cotton base of Shawan, Xinjiang Agricultural University in Tacheng and the experimental field of Kuitun Agricultural Institute of Agricultural Division 7 in Tacheng in 2017 and 2018, two treatments T1 (4 days before TDZ application in the field) and T2 (the same time as the treatment time in the field) were set during the boll opening period. After TDZ treatment, the defoliation rate was investigated and five materials were sorted according to it. The activities of polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase were measured at 0 h, 6 h, 18 h, 42 h, 66 h and 96 h, and the rates of leaf abscission, bulling and cotton yield were also counted.【Result】The results showed that after spraying TDZ, the cotton yield of T1 was significantly lower than that of the CK and T2 (P < 0.05); the shedding rate and flocculation rate of cotton materials by the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK (P < 0.01); the PG activity of leaf receptacle was significantly higher than that of the CK (P < 0.05) at 6 h, 18 h, 42 h, 66 h and 96 h; and the cellulase activity was significantly higher than that of the CK (P < 0.05) at 6 h, 66 h and 96 h (P < 0.05), and at 18 h and 42 h, it was extremely higher that of the CK (P < 0.01). 【Conclusion】The results showed that CIRI 35 and Xinluzao 50 were most sensitive to TDZ. TDZ treatment could regulate the activity of PG and cellulase in the exfoliated leaves, improve the rate of leaf abscission, and facilitate the mechanical harvesting of cotton.

Key words: cotton; TDZ; abscission rate; polygalacturonase; cellulase

摘要： 【目的】研究棉花在 TDZ (Thidiazuron, TDZ)处理后叶片脱落的机制。【方法】以中棉所35号、新陆早19号、农大5号、XND1378和新陆早50号5个棉花品种为材料,于2017和2018年在塔城沙湾新疆农业大学棉花基地和塔城奎屯农七师农科所实验地,吐絮期分别设置两个处理 T1(大田喷施 TDZ 时间前4 d)和 T2(与大田处理时间相同), TDZ 处理后,研究脱叶率,根据脱叶率给5个棉花品种排序,于0、6、18、42、66和96 h测定叶托、叶片、叶柄的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和纤维素酶活性,统计叶片脱落率、吐絮率和棉花产量。【结果】喷施 TDZ 后,T1的棉花产量显著低于 CK 和 T2 (P＜0.05);两个处理下棉花各材料的脱落率和吐絮率均极显著高于 CK (P＜0.01);叶托的 PG 活性在6、18 、42、66和96 h五个时期显著高于 CK (P＜0.05);纤维素酶活性在6、66 和96 h三个时期显著高于 CK (P＜0.05),在18、42 h两个时期极显著高于 CK (P＜0.01)。【结论】中棉所35号和新陆早50号对TDZ最敏感,TDZ处理可调节脱落叶片的 PG 活性和纤维素酶活性,提高叶片脱落率,有利于棉花机械采收。

关键词: 棉花, TDZ, 脱落率, 多聚半乳糖醛酸酶, 纤维素酶

CLC Number:

S562

LIU Kang-yong, JIAO Yang, ZHAO Fu-xiang, LIU Na, CHEN Quan-jia, GAO Wen-wei, QU Yan-ying. Effects of Spraying TDZ on Leaf Loss Rate and Leaf Enzyme Activity of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(6): 981-991.

刘康永, 焦玚, 赵福相, 刘娜, 陈全家, 高文伟, 曲延英. TDZ处理对棉花叶片脱落率及酶活性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(6): 981-991.

References 29

[1]	喻树迅,张雷,冯文娟. 快乐植棉--中国棉花生产的发展方向[J]. 棉花学报,2015, 27(3): 283-290.YU Shu-xun, ZHANG Lei, FENG Wen-juan. (2015). Easy and Enjoyable Cotton Cultivation: Developments in China's Cotton Production [J]. Cotton Science, 27(3): 283-290. (in Chinese)
[2]	Campillo, E. D. (1999). 2 multiple endo-1, 4-β-d-glucanase (cellulase) genes in arabidopsis. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 46:39-61.
[3]	Rose, J. K. C., & Bennett, A. B. (1999). Cooperative disassembly of the cellulose-xyloglucan network of plant cell walls: parallels between cell expansion and fruit ripening. Trends in Plant Science, 4(5):176-183.
[4]	Burns, J. K. , Lewandowski, D. J. , Nairn, C. J. , & Brown, G. E. (1998). Endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanase gene expression and cell wall hydrolase activities during abscission in valencia orange. Physiologia Plantarum, 102(2):217-225.
[5]	Ferrarese, L., Moretto, P., Trainotti, L., Rascio, N., & Casadoro, G. (1996). Cellulase involvement in the abscission of peach and pepper leaves is affected by salicylic acid. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47(2):251-257.
[6]	Brummell, D. A. , Hall, B. D. , & Bennett, A. B. (1999). Antisense suppression of tomato endo-1,4-??-glucanase cel2 mrna accumulation increases the force required to break fruit abscission zones but does not affect fruit softening. Plant Molecular Biology, 40(4):615-622.
[7]	Nunan, K. J. , Davies, C. , Robinson, S. P. , & Fincher, G. B. (2001). Expression patterns of cell wall-modifying enzymes during grape berry development. Planta, 214(2): 257-264.
[8]	Kemmerer E C, (1994).Tucker M L. Comparative study of cellulases associated with adventitious root initiation, apical buds, and leaf, flower, and pod abscission zones in soybean[J]. Plant Physiology. 104(2): 557-562.
[9]	田晓莉,段留生,李召虎,等. 棉花化学催熟与脱叶的生理基础[J]. 植物生理学报,2004, 40(6): 758-762.TIAN Xiao-li, DUAN Liu-sheng, LI Zhao-hu, et al. (2004). Physiological Bases of Chemical Accelerated Boll Maturation and Defoliation in Cotton [J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 40(6): 758-762. (in Chinese)
[10]	C Clements, J. C. , & Atkins, C. A. (2001). Characterization of a non-abscission mutant in lupinus angustifolius l.: physiological aspects. Annals of Botany (London), 88(4-part-P1):629-635.
[11]	Kemmerer, E. C., Tucker, M. L. (1994). Comparative study of cellulases associated with adventitious root initiation, apical buds, and leaf, flower, and pod abscission zones in soybean. Plant Physiology, 104(2):557-562.
[12]	李辉亮. 激素和热激对大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merrill]花荚脱落的影响及其分子机理研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学硕士论文, 2004.LI Hui-liang. (2004). Studies on the effects of hormone and heat shock on soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merrill) legume abscission and its molecule mechanism [D]. Master Dissertation. Agricultural University Of Hunan, Changsha. (in Chinese)
[13]	Atkinson, R. (2003). Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: a review. Atmos. Environ., 37 (1):197-219.
[14]	Trainotti, L., Spolaore, S., Pavanello, A., Baldan, B., & Casadoro, G. (1999). A novel e-type endo-β-1,4-glucanase with a putative cellulose-binding domain is highly expressed in ripening strawberry fruits. Plant Molecular Biology, 40(2):323-332.
[15]	Harpster, M. H., Brummell, D. A., & Dunsmuir, P. (1998). Expression analysis of a ripening-specific, auxin-repressed endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene in strawberry. Plant Physiology,118(4):1,307-1,316.
[16]	Harpster, M. H., Dawson, D. M., Nevins, D. J., Dunsmuir, P., & Brummell, D. A. (2002). Constitutive overexpression of a ripening-related pepper endo-1,4-β-glucanase in transgenic tomato fruit does not increase xyloglucan depolymerization or fruit softening. Plant Molecular Biology,50(3):357-369.
[17]	胡志辉,汪艳杰,陈禅友.喷施细胞分裂素对长豇豆产量及生理生化指标的影响[J]. 贵州农业科学,2016, 44(5): 23-27.HU Zhi-hui, WANG Yan-jie, CHEN Chan-you. (2016). Effects of Spraying Cytokinin on Yield and Physiological Biochemical Traits of Cowpea [J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 44(5): 23-27. (in Chinese)
[18]	宋莉萍,刘金辉,郑殿峰,等. 不同时期叶喷植物生长调节剂对大豆花荚脱落率及多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性的影响[J]. 植物生理学报,2011, 47(4): 356-362.SONG Li-ping, LIU Jin-hui, DENG Dian-feng, et al. (2011). Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Abscission Rate and Polygalacturonase Activities of Soybean Flowers and Pods by Spraying in Different Stages [J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 47(4): 356-36. (in Chinese)
[19]	雷斌,张云生,李忠华,等. 棉花脱叶剂的田间效果筛选[J]. 新疆农业科学,2011, 48(12): 2 321-2 324.LEI Bin, ZHANG Yun-sheng, LI Zhong-hua, et al. (2011).Screening Test of Different Disleave Agents for Accelerating Effect [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 48(12): 2,321-2,324. (in Chinese)
[20]	王灵燕,王学军,李锦辉,等. 南疆棉区棉花脱叶剂的筛选[J]. 新疆农业科学,2004, 41(5): 392-394.WANG Ling-yan, WANG Xue-jun, LI Jin-hui, et al. (2004). Screening of Cotton Fisleave Agent of Cotton Area in the South of Xinjiang [J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 41(5): 392-394. (in Chinese)
[21]	姜伟丽,马艳,马小艳,等. 不同脱叶催熟剂在棉花上的应用效果[J]. 中国棉花,2013, 40(10): 11-14.JIANG Wei-li, MA Yan, MA Xiao-yan, et al. (2013). The Application Effect of Different Defoliants and Ripeners on Cotton [J]. China Cotton, 40(10): 11-14. (in Chinese)
[22]	骆泽辉. 不同脱叶剂在棉花上的应用效果[J]. 石河子科技,2012,(1): 9-10.LUO Ze-hui. (2012). Effect of different defoliating agents on Cotton [J]. Shihezi Science and Technology, (1): 9-10. (in Chinese)
[23]	刘伟. 不同脱叶剂在棉花上的应用效果[J]. 现代农业科技. 2011,(3): 175.LIU Wei. (2011). Effect of different defoliating agents on cotton [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, (3): 175. (in Chinese)
[24]	Horton, R. F., & Osborne, D. J. (1967). Senescence, abscission and cellulase activity in phaseolus vulgaris. Nature, 214(5093):1,086-1,088.
[25]	Greenberg, J. , Goren, R. , & Riov, J. (2006). The role of cellulase and polygalacturonase in abscission of young and mature shamouti orange fruits. Physiologia Plantarum, 34(1):1-7.
[26]	Bonghi, C. , Rascio, N. , Ramina, A. , & Casadoro, G. (1993). Cellulase and polygalacturonase involvement in the abscission of leaf and fruit explants of peach. Plant Molecular Biology,20(5):839-848.
[27]	Murayama, H. , Sekine, D. , Yamauchi, Y. , Gao, M. , Mitsuhashi, W. , & Toyomasu, T. (2006). Effect of girdling above the abscission zone of fruit on \"bartlett\" pear ripening on the tree. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(14):3,679-3,686.
[28]	Peng, G. , Wu, J. , Lu, W. , & Li, J. (2013). A polygalacturonase gene clustered into clade e involved in lychee fruitlet abscission. Scientia Horticulturae, 150:244-250.
[29]	Ming-Fang, Q. , Tao, X. , Wei-Zhi, C. , & Tian-Lai, L. (2014). Ultrastructural localization of polygalacturonase in ethylene-stimulated abscission of tomato pedicel explants. The Scientific World Journal:1-9.