不同有机肥对土壤肥力及鲜食玉米农艺性状、产量与品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 619-626.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.011

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同有机肥对土壤肥力及鲜食玉米农艺性状、产量与品质的影响

郝曦煜¹^,²(), 张仲鹃¹^,², 张斯文³^,⁴, 张瑾⁵, 郑春秀⁶, 吴世凯⁷, 张永久¹()

1.黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司,北京 100015
2.黑龙江北纬四十七绿色有机食品有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161500
3.黑龙江北纬四十七绿色有机农场有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161500
4.黑龙江省依安县双阳镇乡村经济发展服务中心,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161500
5.黑龙江省依安县解放乡乡村经济发展服务中心,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161500
6.黑龙江省依安县阳春乡人民政府,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161500
7.黑龙江省依安县三兴镇人民政府,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161500

收稿日期:2024-09-10 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
通信作者: 张永久(1973-),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,中级工程师,研究方向为农牧业技术开发与应用,(E-mail) zhangyongjiu@feihe.com
作者简介:郝曦煜(1990-),男,辽宁铁岭人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为作物育种与栽培,(E-mail) haoxiyu1990@foxmail.com
基金资助:
科技部重点研发计划课题(2022YFC2010104)

Selection and comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen-efficient foxtail millet varieties based on principal component analysis

HAO Xiyu¹^,²(), LIU Tingting¹^,², WANG Hui³^,⁴, LENG Jingwen⁵, GONG Shihang⁶, LIU Wei⁷

1. Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 10015, China
2. Heilongjiang Beiwei 47 Green Or-ganic Food Co., Ltd., Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161500, China
3. Heilongjiang Beiwei 47 Green Organic Farm Co., Ltd., Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161500, China
4. Rural Economic Development Service Center of Shuangy-ang Town in Yian County of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161500, China
5. Rural Economic Development Service Center of Jiefang Town in Yian County of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161500, China
6. Peoples Government of Yangchun Town in Yian County of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161500, China
7. People's Government of Sanxing Town in Yian County of Heilongjiang Prov-ince, Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161500, China

Received:2024-09-10 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-05-14
Supported by:
Project of China Agriculture Research System(CARS-06)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探索不同有机肥对鲜食玉米的影响,确定适宜不同种植需求的有机肥料。【方法】以2种鲜食玉米为材料,以5种不同类型的有机肥为处理,通过隶属函数法综合评价土壤肥力、农艺性状、产量和品质。【结果】施用2年不同有机肥土壤速效钾含量缓慢上升后下降,其他营养成分逐年上升;氨基酸有机肥提升了最多的有机质含量(0.32%),其次为微生物有机肥;化肥提升了最多的碱解氮(4.75 mg/kg)、有效磷(2.24 mg/kg)、速效钾(13.55 mg/kg)、全氮(119.72 mg/kg)、全磷(33.28 mg/kg)和全钾(1 384.18 mg/kg)含量,其次为氨基酸有机肥。不同有机肥对鲜食玉米的农艺性状影响不同,海藻有机肥+微生物菌剂组合的产量指标优于化肥。氨基酸有机肥的各个营养成分含量在有机肥料处理中普遍处于较高水平。【结论】海藻有机肥+微生物菌剂综合促进鲜食玉米能力最强,氨基酸有机肥可保持较高产量的同时提升鲜食玉米营养成分及土壤养分。

关键词: 有机肥; 土壤; 鲜食玉米; 农艺性状; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to explore the effects of different organic fertilizers on fresh corn and determine suitable organic fertilizers for different planting needs. 【Methods】two varieties of fresh corn were used as the experimental materials and five different types of organic fertilizers were used as treatments. Soil fertility, agronomic traits, yield, and quality were conduct by comprehensive evaluation. 【Results】The results showed that the application of different organic fertilizers over two years led to a slow increase followed by a decrease in soil available potassium content, while other nutrient components increased annually. Amino acid organic fertilizer had the highest increase in organic matter content (0.32%), followed by microbial organic fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer had the highest increase in available nitrogen (4.75 mg/kg), available phosphorus (2.24 mg/kg), available potassium (13.55 mg/kg), total nitrogen (119.72 mg/kg), total phosphorus (33.28 mg/kg), and total potassium (1384.18 mg/kg) content, followed by amino acid organic fertilizer. Different organic fertilizers had varying effects on the agronomic traits of fresh corn, with the yield index of seaweed organic fertilizer combined with microbial agents being superior to chemical fertilizer. The nutrient content of amino acid organic fertilizer was generally at a higher level in the organic fertilizer treatments.【Conclusion】The results of comprehensive evaluation using membership function method showed that the combination of seaweed organic fertilizer and microbial agents was found to most effectively promote the ability of fresh corn, while amino acid organic fertilizer could maintain high yields while enhancing the nutritional content of fresh corn and soil fertility.

Key words: organic fertilizer; soil; fresh corn; agronomic traits; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S513

郝曦煜, 张仲鹃, 张斯文, 张瑾, 郑春秀, 吴世凯, 张永久. 不同有机肥对土壤肥力及鲜食玉米农艺性状、产量与品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 619-626.

HAO Xiyu, LIU Tingting, WANG Hui, LENG Jingwen, GONG Shihang, LIU Wei. Selection and comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen-efficient foxtail millet varieties based on principal component analysis[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 619-626.

图/表 10

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处理 Treat- ments	肥料类型 Fertilization types	施用量 Amount of fertilizer
CK	—	—
F₀	化肥	尿素:75 kg/hm²,磷酸二铵:195 kg/hm², 硫酸钾:142.5 kg/hm²
F₁	生物质有机肥	2 700 kg/hm²
F₂	氨基酸有机肥	2 700 kg/hm²
F₃	黄腐酸有机肥	2 700 kg/hm²
F₄	海藻有机肥	2 700 kg/hm²
F₅	海藻有机肥+ 微生物菌剂	2 700 kg/hm²+60 L(600倍液)

处理 Treat- ments	肥料类型 Fertilization types	施用量 Amount of fertilizer
CK	—	—
F₀	化肥	尿素:75 kg/hm²,磷酸二铵:195 kg/hm², 硫酸钾:142.5 kg/hm²
F₁	生物质有机肥	2 700 kg/hm²
F₂	氨基酸有机肥	2 700 kg/hm²
F₃	黄腐酸有机肥	2 700 kg/hm²
F₄	海藻有机肥	2 700 kg/hm²
F₅	海藻有机肥+ 微生物菌剂	2 700 kg/hm²+60 L(600倍液)

指标 Indexes	隶属函数值Membership function value
指标 Indexes	CK	F₀	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅
株高Plant height	0.000	0.247	1.000	0.860	0.105	0.189	0.185
穗位高Ear height	0.944	0.862	0.000	0.028	0.834	0.893	1.000
茎粗Stem diameter	0.675	0.927	0.000	0.672	0.927	0.927	1.000
穗长Ear length	1.000	0.411	0.046	0.000	0.823	0.509	0.529
秃尖长Ear bald tip length	0.548	0.514	0.114	0.000	0.410	0.357	1.000
穗粗Ear diameter	0.502	0.770	0.000	0.105	0.809	0.885	1.000
轴粗Corncob	0.511	1.000	0.000	0.102	0.866	0.758	0.691
穗行数Rows per ear	0.500	1.000	0.000	0.000	0.500	1.000	1.000
行粒数Kernel per row	0.000	0.183	1.000	0.726	0.046	0.091	0.183
单穗净重Net weight per ear	0.089	0.954	0.000	0.329	0.559	0.780	1.000
单穗鲜重Fresh weight per ear	0.000	0.183	1.000	0.726	0.046	0.091	0.183
轴重Cob weight	0.531	0.072	1.000	0.212	0.282	0.000	0.075
产量Yield	0.000	0.927	0.075	0.369	0.574	0.772	1.000
糖度Sugar content	0.176	0.224	0.931	1.000	0.112	0.321	0.000
蛋白质Crude protein	0.532	0.360	0.805	1.000	0.114	0.120	0.000
淀粉Starch	0.424	0.340	0.828	1.000	0.117	0.097	0.000
脂肪Ether extract	0.425	0.000	1.000	0.991	0.273	0.261	0.086
可溶性糖 Sugar content soluble sugar	0.031	0.264	1.000	0.747	0.000	0.516	0.302
花青素Anthocyanidin	0.389	1.000	0.019	0.409	0.000	0.112	0.961
隶属平均值 Average value of membership function	0.383	0.539	0.464	0.488	0.389	0.457	0.537
排序Ranking	7	1	4	3	6	5	2

指标 Indexes	隶属函数值Membership function value
指标 Indexes	CK	F₀	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅
株高Plant height	0.000	0.247	1.000	0.860	0.105	0.189	0.185
穗位高Ear height	0.944	0.862	0.000	0.028	0.834	0.893	1.000
茎粗Stem diameter	0.675	0.927	0.000	0.672	0.927	0.927	1.000
穗长Ear length	1.000	0.411	0.046	0.000	0.823	0.509	0.529
秃尖长Ear bald tip length	0.548	0.514	0.114	0.000	0.410	0.357	1.000
穗粗Ear diameter	0.502	0.770	0.000	0.105	0.809	0.885	1.000
轴粗Corncob	0.511	1.000	0.000	0.102	0.866	0.758	0.691
穗行数Rows per ear	0.500	1.000	0.000	0.000	0.500	1.000	1.000
行粒数Kernel per row	0.000	0.183	1.000	0.726	0.046	0.091	0.183
单穗净重Net weight per ear	0.089	0.954	0.000	0.329	0.559	0.780	1.000
单穗鲜重Fresh weight per ear	0.000	0.183	1.000	0.726	0.046	0.091	0.183
轴重Cob weight	0.531	0.072	1.000	0.212	0.282	0.000	0.075
产量Yield	0.000	0.927	0.075	0.369	0.574	0.772	1.000
糖度Sugar content	0.176	0.224	0.931	1.000	0.112	0.321	0.000
蛋白质Crude protein	0.532	0.360	0.805	1.000	0.114	0.120	0.000
淀粉Starch	0.424	0.340	0.828	1.000	0.117	0.097	0.000
脂肪Ether extract	0.425	0.000	1.000	0.991	0.273	0.261	0.086
可溶性糖 Sugar content soluble sugar	0.031	0.264	1.000	0.747	0.000	0.516	0.302
花青素Anthocyanidin	0.389	1.000	0.019	0.409	0.000	0.112	0.961
隶属平均值 Average value of membership function	0.383	0.539	0.464	0.488	0.389	0.457	0.537
排序Ranking	7	1	4	3	6	5	2

不同有机肥对土壤肥力及鲜食玉米农艺性状、产量与品质的影响

Selection and comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen-efficient foxtail millet varieties based on principal component analysis

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