不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的多变量分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 578-587.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.007

• 园艺特产·农产品加工 • 上一篇下一篇

不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的多变量分析

张倩¹(), 李萧婷¹, 吴翠云¹^,²^,³, 张锐¹^,²^,³, 包建平¹^,²^,³(), 陶书田⁴

1.塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
3.南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
4.南京农业大学园艺学院,南京 210095

收稿日期:2021-07-09 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-28
通信作者: 包建平(1977-),女,新疆阿克苏人,副教授,研究方向为果树栽培与生理,(E-mail) baobao-xinjiang@126.com
作者简介:张倩(1997-),女,四川绵阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树栽培与生理,(E-mail) 2373329283@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团重大科技专项(2017DB006);国家自然科学基金(31860528)

Multivariate Analysis of Fruit Quality of Korla Pear Irrigated by Different Methods

ZHANG Qian¹(), LI Xiaoting¹, WU Cuiyun¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Rui¹^,²^,³, BAO Jianping¹^,²^,³(), TAO Shutian⁴

1. College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of XPCC, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
3. The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
4. College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2021-07-09 Published:2022-03-20 Online:2022-03-28
Supported by:
Major S & T Special Fund of XPCC(2017DB006);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860528)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响,为提高水资源在梨果园中的有效利用率,改善库尔勒香梨果实品质提供理论依据。【方法】以16年生库尔勒香梨为试材,采用沟灌、滴灌、漫灌3 种灌溉方式,比较不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响,筛选适宜的灌溉方式。【结果】与对照大水漫灌相比,滴灌显著提高果实脱萼率,色泽红润,果实单果重、果形指数、角质层厚度增加显著,果肉硬度和VC含量降低。沟灌的果实单果重减小,果形指数、果肉硬度、VC含量、蜡质层与木栓层厚度增加;由主成分分析得到滴灌的果实综合品质最优,其次为沟灌;漫灌的3-2处理有利于宿萼果的生长,其果实品质优于沟灌处理;3种漫灌方式中,3-2处理更有利于提高果实综合品质。【结论】适当的减少灌溉量可以提高库尔勒香梨的综合品质,其中滴灌能够大幅度节水,提高果实品质的效果最好。

关键词: 梨; 灌溉方式; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different irrigation methods on the fruit quality Korla fragrant pear with a view to providing theoretical basis for improving the effective utilization rate of water resources in pear orchard and improving the fruit quality. 【Methods】 With 16 years of Korla fragrant pear as the test material, using three irrigation methods: trench irrigation, drip irrigation and irrigation, the effects of different irrigation methods on the fruit quality was compared, and suitable irrigation methods were screened. 【Results】 Compared with the control of large water irrigation, drip irrigation significantly increased the fruit desorization rate, the color was ruddy, the fruit single fruit weight, fruit index, the thickness of the cuticlelayer layer increased significantly, and the hardness and VC content of the fruit decreased significantly. The fruit weight of ditch irrigation was reduced, while fruit-shaped index, fruit hardness, Vc content, wax layer and wood hydrant layer thickness increased, and the overall quality of fruit of drip irrigation was obtained by the main component analysis, followed by ditch irrigation; The 3-2 treatment of diffuse irrigation is conducive to the growth of the fruit, the fruit quality was better than the fruit quality of the ditch irrigation treatment, 3-2 treatment was more conducive to improving the comprehensive quality. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the current traditional irrigation, appropriate reduction in irrigation can save water greatly and improve the fruit quality of 'Korla pears'.

Key words: pears; irrigation; fruit quality

中图分类号:

张倩, 李萧婷, 吴翠云, 张锐, 包建平, 陶书田. 不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的多变量分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(3): 578-587.

ZHANG Qian, LI Xiaoting, WU Cuiyun, ZHANG Rui, BAO Jianping, TAO Shutian. Multivariate Analysis of Fruit Quality of Korla Pear Irrigated by Different Methods[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(3): 578-587.

图/表 11

参考文献 21

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处理 Handle	盛花期后 After full bloom	新梢生长期 Growth period of new shoots	幼果发育期 Young fruit development stage	果实膨大前期 Early stage of fruit expansion	果实膨大后期 Later period of fruit expansion	果实成熟期 Fruit ripening period
3-1	√	√	√	√	√	√
3-2	√	×	×	√	√	×
3-3	√	×	√	√	√	×

处理 Handle	盛花期后 After full bloom	新梢生长期 Growth period of new shoots	幼果发育期 Young fruit development stage	果实膨大前期 Early stage of fruit expansion	果实膨大后期 Later period of fruit expansion	果实成熟期 Fruit ripening period
3-1	√	√	√	√	√	√
3-2	√	×	×	√	√	×
3-3	√	×	√	√	√	×

项目 Item	横径 Transverse diameters (mm)	纵径 Longitudinal diameters (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	单果重 Fruit weight (g)	果肉硬度 Flesh firmness (P)
沟灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	48.14±2.02^d	60.7±3.18^bc	1.17±0.04^ab	80.24±9.49^d	3.12±0.46^abc
沟灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	47.02±3.11^d	51.03±2.35^f	1.09±0.08^cd	58.86±7.91^e	3.06±0.63^abc
滴灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in drip irrigation	57.26±2.89^b	67.3±3.08^a	1.18±0.07^a	109.62±14.81^ab	2.85±0.42^bc
滴灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in drip irrigation	53.35±2.89^c	58.76±3.98^cd	1.10±0.05^bcd	84.16±13.62^d	2.75±0.35^bcd
3-1宿萼果 3-1 persistent calyx fruit	55.71±2.21^bc	63.23±8.07^ab	1.13±0.11^abc	97.48±15.86^bc	2.39±0.47^d
3-1脱萼果 3-1 dropping calyx fruit	53.26±2.68^c	55.24±4.32^de	1.04±0.04^de	81.33±15.84^d	3.44±0.34^a
3-2宿萼果 3-2 persistent calyx fruit	60.25±3.67^a	66.77±7.08^a	1.11±0.29^abcd	120.78±23.12^a	3.19±0.33^ab
3-2脱萼果 3-2 dropping calyx fruit	58.07±1.31^ab	58.17±2.20^cd	1.00±0.03^e	102.75±9.88^b	2.96±0.37^bc
3-3宿萼果 3-3 persistent calyx fruit	54.59±2.22^c	58.39±3.01^cd	1.07±0.07^cd	87.60±7.57^cd	2.68±0.25^cd
3-3脱萼果 3-3 dropping calyx fruit	47.50±2.88^d	53.48±1.14^ef	1.13±0.1^abc	59.65±10.46^e	2.35±0.62^d

项目 Item	横径 Transverse diameters (mm)	纵径 Longitudinal diameters (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	单果重 Fruit weight (g)	果肉硬度 Flesh firmness (P)
沟灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	48.14±2.02^d	60.7±3.18^bc	1.17±0.04^ab	80.24±9.49^d	3.12±0.46^abc
沟灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	47.02±3.11^d	51.03±2.35^f	1.09±0.08^cd	58.86±7.91^e	3.06±0.63^abc
滴灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in drip irrigation	57.26±2.89^b	67.3±3.08^a	1.18±0.07^a	109.62±14.81^ab	2.85±0.42^bc
滴灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in drip irrigation	53.35±2.89^c	58.76±3.98^cd	1.10±0.05^bcd	84.16±13.62^d	2.75±0.35^bcd
3-1宿萼果 3-1 persistent calyx fruit	55.71±2.21^bc	63.23±8.07^ab	1.13±0.11^abc	97.48±15.86^bc	2.39±0.47^d
3-1脱萼果 3-1 dropping calyx fruit	53.26±2.68^c	55.24±4.32^de	1.04±0.04^de	81.33±15.84^d	3.44±0.34^a
3-2宿萼果 3-2 persistent calyx fruit	60.25±3.67^a	66.77±7.08^a	1.11±0.29^abcd	120.78±23.12^a	3.19±0.33^ab
3-2脱萼果 3-2 dropping calyx fruit	58.07±1.31^ab	58.17±2.20^cd	1.00±0.03^e	102.75±9.88^b	2.96±0.37^bc
3-3宿萼果 3-3 persistent calyx fruit	54.59±2.22^c	58.39±3.01^cd	1.07±0.07^cd	87.60±7.57^cd	2.68±0.25^cd
3-3脱萼果 3-3 dropping calyx fruit	47.50±2.88^d	53.48±1.14^ef	1.13±0.1^abc	59.65±10.46^e	2.35±0.62^d

	沟灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	沟灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	滴灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in drip irrigation	滴灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in drip irrigation	3-1宿萼果 3-1 persistent calyx fruit	3-1脱萼果 3-1 dropping calyx fruit	3-2宿萼果 3-2 persistent calyx fruit	3-2脱萼果 3-2 dropping calyx fruit	3-3宿萼果 3-3 persistent calyx fruit	3-3脱萼果 3-3 dropping calyx fruit
可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	13.01±1.25^ab	13.74±1.36^a	13.49±1.09^ab	13.08±1.14^ab	13.43±1.01^ab	13.18±1.13^ab	12.91±0.63^ab	13.23±0.86^ab	12.35±1.05^b	13.23±1.17^ab
VC(mg/100g)	0.22±0.07^a	0.11±0.004^bc	0.09±0.01^c	0.11±0.004^bc	0.14±0.04^b	0.12±0.02^bc	0.09±0.01^c	0.09±0.007^c	0.10±0.005^c	0.13±0.03^b

不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的多变量分析

Multivariate Analysis of Fruit Quality of Korla Pear Irrigated by Different Methods

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图/表 11

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

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Metrics

	沟灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	沟灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	滴灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in drip irrigation	滴灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in drip irrigation	3-1宿萼果 3-1 persistent calyx fruit	3-1脱萼果 3-1 dropping calyx fruit	3-2宿萼果 3-2 persistent calyx fruit	3-2脱萼果 3-2 dropping calyx fruit	3-3宿萼果 3-3 persistent calyx fruit	3-3脱萼果 3-3 dropping calyx fruit
0.25 mm石细胞含量 Stone cell content (g)	0.28^c	0.72^a	0.56^b	0.48^b	0.13^d	0.13^d	0.11^d	0.29^c	0.17^cd	0.15^d
0.5 mm石细胞含量 Stone cell content (g)	0.86^bc	1.48^a	1.65^a	1.07^b	0.55^cd	0.50^d	0.61^cd	1.08^b	0.61^cd	0.55^cd

	沟灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	沟灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	滴灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in drip irrigation	滴灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in drip irrigation	3-1宿萼果 3-1 persistent calyx fruit	3-1脱萼果 3-1 dropping calyx fruit	3-2宿萼果 3-2 persistent calyx fruit	3-2脱萼果 3-2 dropping calyx fruit	3-3宿萼果 3-3 persistent calyx fruit	3-3脱萼果 3-3 dropping calyx fruit
蜡质层 Waxy layer (μm)	3	4.3	2.7	2.4	3.2	3.6	3.3	4	3.9	2.9
角质层 Cuticle (μm)	4.8	8.7	3.1	4.2	4.6	4.4	4.8	3.7	3.3	3
皮层 Cortex (μm)	6	14.1	9.4	8.6	6.6	8.9	9.6	11.1	6.7	8.2
木栓层 Cork layer (μm)	9.4	25.4	11.7	15.5	13.8	20.1	23.3	21.1	14.6	21.7

No.	特征值 Characteristic value	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate (%)	累计方差贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate variance (%)
1	3.485	38.718	38.718
2	2.747	30.523	69.241
3	1.622	18.017	87.258
4	0.696	7.736	94.993
5	0.365	4.052	99.046
6	0.071	0.787	99.833
7	0.015	0.162	99.994
8	0.001	0.006	100.000
9	0.000	0.000	100.000

处理Treatment	D1	D2	D3	D	排序
滴灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in drip irrigation	1.645 2	1.513 2	0.386	116.803 264 3	1
3-2宿萼果 3-2 persistent calyx fruit	1.789	-0.386 8	-0.188 3	47.558 857 96	2
沟灌宿萼果 Persistent calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	-0.455 4	-0.255 1	2.713 7	25.877 075 16	3
滴灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in drip irrigation	-0.235 8	0.731 3	-0.313 2	10.206 253 9	4
沟灌脱萼果 Dropping calyx fruit in furrow irrigation	-1.519 8	2.016 7	-0.23	8.865 807 18	5
3-1宿萼果 3-1 persistent calyx fruit	0.525 2	-0.798 8	0.681 9	4.783 227 06	6
3-2脱萼果 3-2 dropping calyx fruit	0.103 8	0.018 1	-1.498 9	-23.695 771 28	7
3-3宿萼果 3-3 persistent calyx fruit	0.006 2	-1.205 3	-0.587	-51.132 279 62	8
3-1脱萼果 3-1 dropping calyx fruit	-0.362	-0.651 3	-0.918 8	-51.953 186 64	9
3-3脱萼果 3-3 dropping calyx fruit	-1.464 2	-1.040 3	0.023 6	-86.824 137 42	10

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