杏李‘恐龙蛋’果实不同成熟度的判定方法分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.013

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 1408-1420.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.013

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

杏李‘恐龙蛋’果实不同成熟度的判定方法分析

王如月¹^,²(), 罗莎莎¹^,², 甄紫怡¹^,², 徐业勇³, 虎海防³(), 王俊武⁴()

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地,新疆阿克苏 843100
3.新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐 830062
4.新疆维吾尔自治区林业重点工程质量管理总站,乌鲁木齐 830062

收稿日期:2024-10-29 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-07-29
通信作者: 虎海防(1975-),男,研究员,研究方向为果树种质资源与栽培生理,(E-mail)43784936@qq.com;
王俊武(1967-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为林果种质资源收集及林产品质量检验,(E-mail)wangjunwu001@163.com
作者简介:王如月(1996-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林培育,(E-mail)1547093665@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2023B02026);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(ZYYD2022B15)

Study on methods for judging different maturity of prunus domestica × armeniaca ‘Konglongdan’ fruits

WANG Ruyue¹^,²(), LUO Shasha¹^,², ZHEN Ziyi¹^,², XU Yeyong³, HU Haifang³(), WANG Junwu⁴()

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Xinjiang Jiamu Fruit Arboriculture, Aksu Xinjiang 843100, Xinjiang
3. Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830062,China
4. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Forestry Major Project Quality Management Main Station,Urumqi 830052,China

Received:2024-10-29 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-07-29
Supported by:
The Key Scientific R&D Program Project of the Autonomous Region in 2023(2023B02026);The 2022 Special Project for the Development of Local Science and Technology Guided by the Central Government(ZYYD2022B15)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析判定杏李‘恐龙蛋’不同成熟度分级方法和标准,为杏李成熟度的评价提供度量的依据。【方法】在2022~2023年从果实转色期至果实完全成熟连续21个采样时期测定果实带皮硬度、去皮硬度、平均单果重等指标,对不同成熟度品质指标和色度指标进行量化。【结果】单果重、去皮硬度、带皮硬度、固酸比、果皮黄蓝值b^*、果皮色泽比a^*/b^*、果肉亮度值L^*和果肉红绿值a^*为对‘恐龙蛋’成熟度影响较大的指标,根据果实不同生长发育期可分为5个成熟度,分别为六成熟、七成熟、八成熟、九成熟和十成熟。二者累计贡献率达96.30%,判别正确率达95.20%。【结论】‘恐龙蛋’不同成熟度判定方法和标准,若想准确、科学地对果实不同成熟度进行区分,首先参照果实外观颜色‘比色卡’和果实盛花期后天数区分不同采收成熟度,其次可通过测定果实色度指标和品质指标并参考量化范围,进一步判定果实成熟度。在进行成熟度区分时,若果实外观和各指标因外界和内部因素有2~3项达不到下表成熟度分级要求,参照剩余指标也可判定杂交杏李果实采收成熟度。

关键词: 杏李; ‘恐龙蛋’; 果实颜色; 成熟度; 聚类; 主成分; 等级划分

Abstract:

【Objective】 To accurately determine the grading methods and standards for different maturity levels of Prunus domestica × armeniaca ‘Konglongdan’. This finding can provide a metric basis for evaluating the maturity of Prunus domestica × armeniaca. 【Methods】 This study measured indicators such as fruit peel hardness, peel hardness, and average single fruit weight during 21 consecutive sampling periods from fruit color transition to complete fruit maturity from 2022 to 2023. Meanwhile, different maturity quality indicators and chromaticity indicators were quantified. 【Results】 Principal component screening and maturity clustering analysis were conducted on physiological indicators such as fruit hardness and single fruit weight. It was found that single fruit weight, peel hardness, peel hardness, solid acid ratio, peel yellow blue value b^*, peel color ratio a^*/b^*, flesh brightness value L^*, and flesh red green value a^* were the indicators that had a significant impact on the maturity of ‘Konglongdan’. According to different growth and development stages of the fruit, it was divided into five maturity levels, namely 60% maturity, 70% maturity, 80% maturity, 90% maturity, and 100% maturity. The cumulative contribution rate of the two was 96.30%, and the discrimination accuracy was 95.20%. 【Conclusion】 The conclusion indicates that different methods and standards for determining the maturity of ‘Konglongdan’ can be used to accurately and scientifically distinguish different ripeness levels of fruits. Firstly, referring to the ‘color chart’ of fruit appearance and the number of days after the fruit flowering period can be used to distinguish different harvest ripeness levels. Secondly, by measuring the fruit color and quality indicators and referring to the quantitative range, the fruit maturity level can be further determined. When distinguishing maturity, if there are 2-3 items in the appearance and various indicators of the fruit that cannot meet the maturity grading requirements in the table due to external and internal factors, the harvest maturity of hybrid Prunus domestica × armeniaca fruits can also be determined by referring to the remaining indicators.

Key words: Prunus domestica × armeniaca; ‘Konglongdan’; fruit color; maturity; cluster analysis; principal component analysis; gradation

中图分类号:

S662.2

王如月, 罗莎莎, 甄紫怡, 徐业勇, 虎海防, 王俊武. 杏李‘恐龙蛋’果实不同成熟度的判定方法分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1408-1420.

WANG Ruyue, LUO Shasha, ZHEN Ziyi, XU Yeyong, HU Haifang, WANG Junwu. Study on methods for judging different maturity of prunus domestica × armeniaca ‘Konglongdan’ fruits[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1408-1420.

图/表 11

参考文献 44

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盛花期后天数 The day after the peak flowering period(d)	果皮颜色 Pericarp color				果肉颜色 Flesh color
盛花期后天数 The day after the peak flowering period(d)	L^*	a^*	b^*	a^/b^	L^*	a^*	b^*	a^/b^
102	58.483±0.914^a	1.053±1.485^h	28.917±1.675^a	0.040±0.056^g	52.083±2.770^a	4.640±0.730^g	28.930±0.979^a	0.163±0.031^j
105	57.163±1.570^ab	1.497±2.379^h	23.257±3.377^b	0.087±0.134^g	49.723±0.899^ab	9.223±2.081^fg	20.013±0.782^b	0.460±0.096^ij
108	57.253±2.206^ab	2.017±0.315^h	22.660±1.092^bc	0.090±0.017^g	47.150±1.034^bc	11.907±4.139^f	19.433±1.180^bc	0.610±0.187^hij
111	54.247±1.288^abc	2.713±2.678^gh	22.240±1.747^bc	0.137±0.165^g	46.783±1.493^bc	19.070±0.991^e	17.413±1.306^bcd	1.100±0.121^hij
114	54.323±1.645^abc	4.683±1.052^fgh	21.653±1.608^bcd	0.223±0.059^fg	43.973±2.011^c	20.083±0.495^e	16.830±0.884^cde	1.197±0.090^ghij
117	54.313±2.798^abc	6.637±1.289^efg	19.070±0.476^cde	0.350±0.072^fg	42.783±0.143^de	20.843±3.032^e	16.457±0.486^de	1.270±0.208^ghij
120	51.570±1.634^bcd	7.123±3.871^ef	18.147±1.201^def	0.430±0.236^fg	42.703±0.857^de	22.330±3.038^de	15.667±0.751^def	1.430±0.219^fghij
123	50.037±0.648^cde	6.457±2.677^efg	18.307±0.917^def	0.377±0.170^fg	42.163±2.041^def	22.443±2.798^de	15.603±2.441^def	1.447±0.116^fghij
126	49.670±1.748^cde	7.697±1.274^def	17.537±0.816^ef	0.453±0.081^efg	39.160±2.310^ef	23.557±0.694^cde	15.237±0.578^def	1.547±0.049^efghij
129	49.597±3.131^cde	9.293±0.759^cde	17.233±3.580^ef	0.800±0.459^defg	41.563±3.083^def	22.423±2.697^de	13.423±1.341^fgh	1.693±0.348^efghi
132	49.220±1.903^cde	11.437±1.307^bcd	16.207±1.182^efg	0.783±0.168^defg	38.710±1.998^fg	23.413±2.125^cde	14.630±1.164^efg	1.603±0.127^efghij
135	46.907±3.621^efg	11.730±2.668^bc	15.457±3.016^efg	0.883±0.348^defg	41.243±2.238^def	25.763±1.053^abcd	13.280±1.533^fgh	1.953±0.236^defgh
138	44.170±8.75^efg	11.593±0.801^bcd	14.773±1.134^fgh	0.833±0.133^defg	35.300±1.381^g	25.580±2.06^bcd	12.020±0.475^ghi	2.130±0.185^defg
141	43.897±4.304^def	13.623±0.477^ab	12.910±1.474^ghi	1.203±0.081^def	31.083±1.209^h	25.850±4.004^abcd	11.947±0.800^hi	2.157±0.200^defg
144	42.367±1.739^fgh	14.513±1.489^ab	12.863±2.530^ghi	1.540±0.872^bcd	29.957±1.744^hi	25.707±3.394^abcd	12.233±1.292^ghi	2.110±0.275^defg
147	39.447±2.172^gh	14.007±0.874^ab	11.333±2.481^hij	1.437±0.532^cde	28.777±1.845^hig	27.950±1.274^abc	9.607±1.721^ij	2.967±0.455^cde
150	40.267±3.865^gh	14.040±0.576^ab	10.327±1.045^ij	1.500±0.246^cd	28.427±1.272^hig	27.837±1.337^abc	9.973±1.265^ij	2.810±0.217^cdef
153	38.293±2.824^gh	14.453±0.499^ab	10.180±0.602^ij	1.617±0.146^bcd	26.887±1.294^ig	27.500±1.329^abc	8.263±0.665^jk	3.340±0.260^bcd
156	40.093±0.986^gh	15.837±4.575^a	9.043±2.441^ij	2.427±0.509^abc	26.813±1.087^ig	30.137±1.848^ab	7.833±1.27^jk	3.947±0.926^bc
159	38.123±3.369^gh	16.733±1.371^a	8.133±1.161^j	3.033±1.426^a	27.930±2.056^hig	28.993±1.453^ab	6.570±0.636^k	4.450±0.567^ab
162	37.610±0.751^h	16.023±0.788^a	8.443±1.419^j	2.500±1.012^ab	25.557±2.485^g	30.323±1.875^a	6.433±2.760^k	5.497±2.890^a

盛花期后天数 The day after the peak flowering period(d)	果皮颜色 Pericarp color				果肉颜色 Flesh color
盛花期后天数 The day after the peak flowering period(d)	L^*	a^*	b^*	a^/b^	L^*	a^*	b^*	a^/b^
102	58.483±0.914^a	1.053±1.485^h	28.917±1.675^a	0.040±0.056^g	52.083±2.770^a	4.640±0.730^g	28.930±0.979^a	0.163±0.031^j
105	57.163±1.570^ab	1.497±2.379^h	23.257±3.377^b	0.087±0.134^g	49.723±0.899^ab	9.223±2.081^fg	20.013±0.782^b	0.460±0.096^ij
108	57.253±2.206^ab	2.017±0.315^h	22.660±1.092^bc	0.090±0.017^g	47.150±1.034^bc	11.907±4.139^f	19.433±1.180^bc	0.610±0.187^hij
111	54.247±1.288^abc	2.713±2.678^gh	22.240±1.747^bc	0.137±0.165^g	46.783±1.493^bc	19.070±0.991^e	17.413±1.306^bcd	1.100±0.121^hij
114	54.323±1.645^abc	4.683±1.052^fgh	21.653±1.608^bcd	0.223±0.059^fg	43.973±2.011^c	20.083±0.495^e	16.830±0.884^cde	1.197±0.090^ghij
117	54.313±2.798^abc	6.637±1.289^efg	19.070±0.476^cde	0.350±0.072^fg	42.783±0.143^de	20.843±3.032^e	16.457±0.486^de	1.270±0.208^ghij
120	51.570±1.634^bcd	7.123±3.871^ef	18.147±1.201^def	0.430±0.236^fg	42.703±0.857^de	22.330±3.038^de	15.667±0.751^def	1.430±0.219^fghij
123	50.037±0.648^cde	6.457±2.677^efg	18.307±0.917^def	0.377±0.170^fg	42.163±2.041^def	22.443±2.798^de	15.603±2.441^def	1.447±0.116^fghij
126	49.670±1.748^cde	7.697±1.274^def	17.537±0.816^ef	0.453±0.081^efg	39.160±2.310^ef	23.557±0.694^cde	15.237±0.578^def	1.547±0.049^efghij
129	49.597±3.131^cde	9.293±0.759^cde	17.233±3.580^ef	0.800±0.459^defg	41.563±3.083^def	22.423±2.697^de	13.423±1.341^fgh	1.693±0.348^efghi
132	49.220±1.903^cde	11.437±1.307^bcd	16.207±1.182^efg	0.783±0.168^defg	38.710±1.998^fg	23.413±2.125^cde	14.630±1.164^efg	1.603±0.127^efghij
135	46.907±3.621^efg	11.730±2.668^bc	15.457±3.016^efg	0.883±0.348^defg	41.243±2.238^def	25.763±1.053^abcd	13.280±1.533^fgh	1.953±0.236^defgh
138	44.170±8.75^efg	11.593±0.801^bcd	14.773±1.134^fgh	0.833±0.133^defg	35.300±1.381^g	25.580±2.06^bcd	12.020±0.475^ghi	2.130±0.185^defg
141	43.897±4.304^def	13.623±0.477^ab	12.910±1.474^ghi	1.203±0.081^def	31.083±1.209^h	25.850±4.004^abcd	11.947±0.800^hi	2.157±0.200^defg
144	42.367±1.739^fgh	14.513±1.489^ab	12.863±2.530^ghi	1.540±0.872^bcd	29.957±1.744^hi	25.707±3.394^abcd	12.233±1.292^ghi	2.110±0.275^defg
147	39.447±2.172^gh	14.007±0.874^ab	11.333±2.481^hij	1.437±0.532^cde	28.777±1.845^hig	27.950±1.274^abc	9.607±1.721^ij	2.967±0.455^cde
150	40.267±3.865^gh	14.040±0.576^ab	10.327±1.045^ij	1.500±0.246^cd	28.427±1.272^hig	27.837±1.337^abc	9.973±1.265^ij	2.810±0.217^cdef
153	38.293±2.824^gh	14.453±0.499^ab	10.180±0.602^ij	1.617±0.146^bcd	26.887±1.294^ig	27.500±1.329^abc	8.263±0.665^jk	3.340±0.260^bcd
156	40.093±0.986^gh	15.837±4.575^a	9.043±2.441^ij	2.427±0.509^abc	26.813±1.087^ig	30.137±1.848^ab	7.833±1.27^jk	3.947±0.926^bc
159	38.123±3.369^gh	16.733±1.371^a	8.133±1.161^j	3.033±1.426^a	27.930±2.056^hig	28.993±1.453^ab	6.570±0.636^k	4.450±0.567^ab
162	37.610±0.751^h	16.023±0.788^a	8.443±1.419^j	2.500±1.012^ab	25.557±2.485^g	30.323±1.875^a	6.433±2.760^k	5.497±2.890^a

成熟度 Maturity	盛花期后天数 Days after flowering period (d)	色度指标Color index				品质指标Quality indicators
成熟度 Maturity	盛花期后天数 Days after flowering period (d)	果皮黄蓝值 Peel b^*	果皮 a^/ b^	果肉亮度值 Flesh L^*	果肉红绿值 Flesh a^*	带皮硬度 Skin hardness (N)	去皮硬度 Peeling hardness (N)	固酸比 Solid acid ratio (%)	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)
六成熟 Six mature	<102	>22.658	<0.088	>47.150	<11.907	>34.651	>30.835	<0.804	<84.200
七成熟 seven mature	111-126	17.537-22.658	0.088-0.454	39.162-47.150	11.907-23.533	28.452-34.651	17.491-30.835	0.804-1.323	84.200-104.557
八成熟 Eight mature	129-144	12.862-17.537	0.454-1.538	29.954-39.162	23.533-25.706	23.717-28.452	12.668-17.491	1.323-1.921	105.557-132.200
九成熟 Nine mature	147-156	9.042-12.862	1.538-2.426	29.954-26.812	25.706-30.138	19.081-23.717	9.017-12.668	1.921-3.818	132.200-106.290
十成熟 Ten mature	>159	<9.042	>2.426	<26.812	>30.138	<19.081	<9.017	>3.818	<106.290

成熟度 Maturity	盛花期后天数 Days after flowering period (d)	色度指标Color index				品质指标Quality indicators
成熟度 Maturity	盛花期后天数 Days after flowering period (d)	果皮黄蓝值 Peel b^*	果皮 a^/ b^	果肉亮度值 Flesh L^*	果肉红绿值 Flesh a^*	带皮硬度 Skin hardness (N)	去皮硬度 Peeling hardness (N)	固酸比 Solid acid ratio (%)	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)
六成熟 Six mature	<102	>22.658	<0.088	>47.150	<11.907	>34.651	>30.835	<0.804	<84.200
七成熟 seven mature	111-126	17.537-22.658	0.088-0.454	39.162-47.150	11.907-23.533	28.452-34.651	17.491-30.835	0.804-1.323	84.200-104.557
八成熟 Eight mature	129-144	12.862-17.537	0.454-1.538	29.954-39.162	23.533-25.706	23.717-28.452	12.668-17.491	1.323-1.921	105.557-132.200
九成熟 Nine mature	147-156	9.042-12.862	1.538-2.426	29.954-26.812	25.706-30.138	19.081-23.717	9.017-12.668	1.921-3.818	132.200-106.290
十成熟 Ten mature	>159	<9.042	>2.426	<26.812	>30.138	<19.081	<9.017	>3.818	<106.290

杏李‘恐龙蛋’果实不同成熟度的判定方法分析

Study on methods for judging different maturity of prunus domestica × armeniaca ‘Konglongdan’ fruits

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参考文献 44

相关文章 15

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Metrics

	成熟度 Maturity	预测成员信息Predicting member information
	成熟度 Maturity	六成熟 Six Maturity	七成熟 SevenMaturity	八成熟 Eight Maturity	九成熟 Nine Maturity	十成熟 Ten Maturity	总计 Total
回代检验	六成熟	3	0	0	0	0	3
Backtesting	七成熟	0	6	0	0	0	6
	八成熟	0	0	6	0	0	6
	九成熟	0	0	0	4	0	4
	十成熟	0	0	0	0	2	2
	未分组个案	2	5	5	4	2	18
	六成熟	100	0	0	0	0	100
	七成熟	0	100	0	0	0	100
	八成熟	0	0	100	0	0	100
	九成熟	0	0	0	100	0	100
	十成熟	0	0	0	0	100	100
	未分组个案	11.1	27.8	27.8	22.2	11.1	100
	判别正确率						100.0%
	六成熟	3	0	0	0	0	3
	七成熟	0	6	0	0	0	6
	八成熟	0	0	6	0	0	6
	九成熟	0	0	0	3	1	4
回代检验	十成熟	0	0	0	0	2	2
Backtesting	六成熟	100	0	0	0	0	100
	七成熟	0	100	0	0	0	100
	八成熟	0	0	100	0	0	100
	九成熟	0	0	0	75	25	100
	十成熟	0	0	0	0	100	100
	判别正确率						195.20%

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