新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12): 2921-2933.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.007

• 种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化·微生物 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北春大豆种质资源表型分析及综合性评价

杨祥波1(), 陈亮宇2, 杨松楠2, 陈喜凤2, 邢伟明3, 李雪莹2, 丛炜轩2, 臧振原2, 臧远波4, 张君2()   

  1. 1.吉林农业科技学院农学院,吉林 132101
    2.吉林农业大学农学院,长春 130118
    3.吉林省农业技术推广总站,长春 130033
    4.吉林省松原市扶余市永平乡政府综合办公室,吉林扶余 131200
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-30 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-16
  • 通信作者: 张君(1968-),男,吉林双辽人,教授,博士,研究方向为作物遗传育种,(E-mail)zhangjun@jlau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨祥波(1980-),男,吉林人,副教授,博士,研究方向为作物遗传育种,(E-mail)yangxiangbo1980@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技发展计划项目“大豆高产、优质新品种选育及基因编辑技术应用于种质创制研究”(20240303009NC)

Phenotype analysis and comprehensive evaluation of spring soybean germplasm resources from northeast China

YANG Xiangbo1(), CHEN Liangyu2, YANG Songnan2, CHEN Xifeng2, XING Weiming3, LI Xueying2, CONG Weixuan2, ZANG Zhenyuan2, ZANG Yuanbo4, ZHANG Jun2()   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin Jilin 132101, China
    2. College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
    3. Agricultural and Technology Extension Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130033, China
    4. Comprehensive Office of Yongping Township Government in Jilin Province, Fuyu Jilin 131200, China
  • Received:2024-03-30 Published:2024-12-20 Online:2025-01-16
  • Supported by:
    Jilin Science and Technology Development Program Project "Breeding of High-yielding and High-quality New Cultivar of Soybean and Application of Gene Editing Technology to Germplasm Creation"(20240303009NC)

摘要:

【目的】 分析东北春大豆种质资源的表型特征并筛选优质材料。【方法】 选用209份材料,种植3年,对12个大豆性状进行描述性统计、聚类分析、分段线性回归分析和综合评价等。【结果】 表型变异系数及多样性指数范围指出节数、茎粗和百粒重变化幅度较为稳定,分枝数、虫食重比和单株荚数等9个性状变异丰富;所有性状可被主成分分析浓缩为产量、抗虫、百粒重及株型因子,其中产量因子与株型正相关,与百粒重、虫食粒数和虫食重比负相关;种质资源可划分为4个类群,I类群株型适中且荚数多,II类群植株矮小且单株产量低,III类群株型理想、产量最高,IV类群与I类群相似但抗虫性差;分段线性回归得出理想高产大豆范围在株高102.03 cm、19.93个节数、3.5个分枝、茎粗11.39 mm、豆荚99.73个和粒数286.09个左右,且尽可能不受大豆食心虫的取食;在DTOPSIS(dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)法下,种质资源的综合得分在0.59~0.25,平均得分为0.16。【结论】 东北春大豆资源表型多样性丰富,I类群、III类群可分别用于株型改良和高产育种。株型适中、粒数较多且抗虫是高产大豆的主要特征。Soy194、Soy052和Soy196可作为优异种质运用于大豆育种中。

关键词: 大豆; 农艺性状; 聚类分析; 分段线性回归; 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 To enhance the utilization efficiency of spring soybean germplasm resources in northeast China and identify high-quality materials.【Methods】 A total of 209 cultivars and landraces underwent a series of statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, segmented linear regression analysis, and a comprehensive evaluation of 12 traits over a three-year period.【Results】 The range of phenotypic coefficients of variation and diversity indices indicated that branch node number, stem thickness, and one hundred seed weight showed a relatively stable pattern.In contrast, nine traits, including number of branches, percentage of damaged seeds weight by insect of total seed weight per plant, and pod number per plant, exhibited a high degree of variability.Principal component analysis revealed that all traits could be condensed into yield, insect resistance, one hundred seed weight, and plant architecture factors.The yield factor was positively correlated with plant architecture factor and negatively correlated with one hundred seed weight, percentage of damaged seeds by insect of total seed number per plant, and percentage of damaged seeds weight by insect of total seed weight per plant.Germplasm resources could be classified into four categories.Class I was characterized by moderate plant architecture and high pod number.Class II was distinguished by short plants and low yield per plant.Class III was defined by ideal plant architecture and the highest yield.Class IV was similar to Group I but exhibited poor insect resistance.The results of piecewise linear regression analysis indicated that the optimal high-yielding soybean characteristics exhibited a plant height of approximately 102.03 cm, 19.93 nodes, 3.5 branches, 11.39 mm stem thickness, 99.73 pods, and 286.09 seeds, with minimal feeding by soybean pod borer.The DTOPSIS (dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method calculated D scores of the germplasm ranging from 0.59 to -0.25, with a mean of 0.16.【Conclusion】 The phenotypic diversity of spring soybeans in northeast China is considerable, with Class I and Class III representing promising sources for plant architecture improvement and high-yield breeding, respectively.High-yielding soybeans are distinguished by their moderate plant architecture, high seed number, and insect resistance.The three resources Soy194, Soy052, and Soy196, which have achieved excellent D scores, are exemplary germplasm for soybean breeding.

Key words: soybean; agronomic traits; cluster analysis; piecewise liner regression; comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

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